SU251937A1 - DEVICE FOR DIAGNOSTIC DISEASES - Google Patents

Description

This invention relates to medical diagnostic instruments and can be used in technical diagnostics.

Known devices for diagnosing diseases include an informative feature extraction unit, an extreme value sampling unit, a standard block, a decision block, a probability calculator, a multiplier block, storage blocks, a converter, switches, a synchronizer, an equalizer, selectors, switches, a counter, amplifiers, and logical elements.

The proposed device differs from the known ones in order to expand its functionality in it, the device inputs through amplifiers, the total element, the selection block of informative features and the converter are connected to the synchronizer and the extreme values sampler, the outputs of which through the blocks of standards are connected to the inputs of the switch. its outputs are connected to the inputs of the synchronization unit, the outputs of which through selectors and switches are connected to the inputs of the decision block connected to the input of the counter and ,. and with a storage unit, the outputs of the storage unit and the counter are connected to the inputs of the probability calculator and the comparing element, the outputs of which are connected to the inputs of the valve and the equalizer, its outputs

connected to the input of the switch and to another input of the valve, whose output through the switch is connected to the input of the printing device, another input of the switch is connected

with the output of the multiplying unit associated with one input through a storage unit with a probability calculator and with a storage unit of weights. The device is designed to automatically diagnose and predict the course of diseases of the cardiovascular system using the PQRST complex electrocardiogram, sphygmogram, ballistocardiogram and other cardiograms.

In the proposed computational diagnostic device, this goal is achieved by comparing electrocardiogram signals, sphygmograms and other cardiograms with a number of normal standards and pathologies stored in memory at various stages of development.

p / n / .RYN) P (N)

f (n / y) - p (y ///) P (H) + P (/ I) P (H) pt, ((nj)

 (jjj / y) -р y, fJJ) р (п -) + р (y / Hj) р (Hj) Р () is the conditional probability of the Yau hypothesis (pathologists of /) if it is the event of the y; F (y / P) nR (y / H) is the accuracy of the fact that the vector falls into the domain dv dyi, dy, ..., dy. P (H), P (P) -priory probabilities of the norm and pathologies, the value of which is chosen taking into account age, constitutional, racial and social characteristics, as well as depending on seasonal patterns, geographic location and other signs. Consider the probabilities of the hypotheses (YLN) j, if an event y occurred, as a deviation of measures favoring this hypothesis and a measure of the total number of equally possible cases, we obtain P (y / H) -y, f (y) P (yin where L - the number of parameters describing each particular class of norm or pathology with a standard choice of origin. The function f (r /) is defined as P, if, (P1) I o for all other values, where. and traax-extreme values of the same parameters of the set cardiograms representing each particular class of pathology, with the chosen method of presentation cardiograms. Since in each / th column of the matrix, “the probabilities of pathology are painted according to each test, the task of choosing from the most probable pathology can be reduced to choosing the maximum values of“ probabilities in each column, the distribution of which will give us a "probabilistic number of pathologies. A diagram of a diagnostic device is shown in the figure. The invention is described on the example of an automatic diagnosis using an electrocardiogram, since the classification of an electrocardiogram is Cardiogram classification. The ECG electrocardiogram signals in mutually orthogonal leads through amplifiers 1-5 are fed to the input of summing element 4, which implements the function f (0 l / f / + t / i + t / §. The conversion is carried out in order to eliminate the amplitude and polarity dependence ECG teeth from the position of the heart under study and reduce the amount of computations that fluctuate significantly even within each of the specific classes of the norm or pathologies, which makes it difficult to build standards. The isolated PQRST complex goes to the INPUT converter The time is 5, from which the groups of pulses modulated by pulse duration are obtained. Each pulse is the instantaneous value of the current coordinate of the electrocardiographic complex expressed in time units.The transducer 6 contains a storage device for storing and reading without destroying the cardiograms under study. the parcels are sent to the synchronization unit 7. At the same time, through the switch 8, controlled by the tweeter P, the premises are modulated but itelnosti pulses that display the time minimum and maximum values of the ordinates of the reference signal. The synchronization unit 7 is designed to bring to zero the phase shift of the leading edges of pulsed premises, which reflect the cardiogram under investigation. By reference to the standard reference point. Switch 8 is required to control the order of reading the standards in the synchronization unit 7 by setting the read law on the encoder 9. The standards are arranged as follows. The memory of the standards consists of two channels, in each of which the ECG standards representing the normal and pathological state of the cardiovascular system are consistently represented. In front of each of the channel standards 10, 11, 12, a code is written to give a command to store in the random access memory the number of pulses representing the given standard. Moreover, the pulses are located immediately after the control signal and before the signal to issue the IB command a solver for implementing rule (III). The next control signal in this channel is similar to the first one. The first control signal of the channel standards 13, 14, 15 prepares the switching of the minima standards in the bridging device 16 and the second control signal serves to simultaneously feed the results of the implementation of rule (III) to the device 16 and the number of the RAM 17 characterizing the number of ordinates describing this reference, in the comparison device 18. The third control signal is similar to the first one. The control is carried out by the help of switching devices 19 and 20, the inputs of which, like the inputs of devices 2.1 and 22, intended for selecting control signals, and the delay 23, intended to compensate for the time shift.

the input of the device 16 is connected to the output of the synchronization unit 7.

The block 24, intended for sampling the extreme values of the same ordinates of the same name within each particular class of cardiograms, the input of which is connected to the output of the converter 6 with the help of the switch 25, is connected to the memory of the standards. Block 24 records in the memory of the standards of the channel 10, 11, 12 the maximum values of the ordinates in time from all values of each of the same name ordinates within each particular class, and in the memory of the standards of the channels 13, 14, 15 the minimum values of the ordinates. By "like ordinates" are meant ordinates with the same sequence number under the standard reference frame.

Thus, each pair of devices is Yu and 13; 11 and 14; 12 and 15 is a reference. The number of standards is equal to the number of diagnosed classes. The process of building the minimum and maximum ordinates of the reference ECG signals is a "learning" period.

The output of the resolver 16 is connected to the input of the coincidence counter 26, which records the number of coincidences of the electrocardiogram under study with the standards, according to rule (P1). The output of the coincidence counter / is connected to one of the inputs of the comparator device 18, to the other input of which a number is read that is read from the memory of the standards 10 13; 11, 14; 12 and 15 shows the number of pulses describing the standards at the standard quantization frequency.

If expression (I) is equal to one, the comparator device 18 opens the valve 27, through which the number of the corresponding standard is read from the encoder 9 of the switch of the standards, and outputted through the switching device 28, also controlled from the comparator device 18, to the printing device 29. If expression (I) is not equal to one, the signals from the inputs of the comparison device 18 are branched off to the probability calculator 30, and the result is stored in the IB matrix of the random access memory 31, the cell number It corresponds to the number reference. This is repeated n times, where n is the number of standards). The outputs of the RAM matrix are connected to one of the inputs of the multiplying device 32, to the other input of which is connected the OUTPUT of the matrix of the long-term memory 33 storing the informativity weights of this test (electrocardiogram) with respect to each particular pathology or rate displayed by the standards, device 32 produces a multiplication of the corresponding probabilities and weights.

the standards, one of the amplifiers 1-5, and the block 5 of the PQRST complex isolation is turned off. The device works as follows.

The electrocardiogram signals in three mutually orthogonal leads coming from the patient or magnetic recording unit are amplified in amplifiers (/ -3, are converted into an ECG spatial vector in element 4,

from which, in block 5, the PQRST complex is extracted, converted into time intervals and stored in converter 6. From this point on, the patient or magnetic zalis device is turned off, and the matching

the complex with each of the standards is read without destroying information from the converter 6. Next, the spatial vector of the PQRST complex of the electrocardiogram is fed to the input of block 7. At the same time

information from the devices 10-15 through the switch 8, controlled by the encoder 9, also arrives. From the output of block 7, the electrocardiogram and standards examined relative to the standard reference system are phased out

arrive at the device 19-23. Devices 19 and 20 switch reference information into devices 17, 16 and 26 by means of controlled signals selected from the memory of the standards by devices 21, 22. Thus, on

The INPUT of the comparator device 18 receives code displays of the number of ordinates of the electrocardiogram under study, for which the relation (P1) and the code display of the number of ordinates describing these standards are performed.

If they coincide, the signal from the comparator 18 stops reading the standards, opens the valve 27 and the device 28, through which the encoder code 9 reads the reference code into the device 29 to issue the name of Pathology for printing,

with the standard of which a coincidence occurred.

In case the device 18 does not match

happens, the valve 27 is closed, and the reading

reference standards to continue. Numbers

The devices 17 and the counter 26 are fed to the block 30 to determine the probability by the formula (I).

From the output of block 30, the probability values are written to device 31 in a string, the number

which corresponds to the number of the standard. And so on for all standards of this cardiogram.

The procedure is repeated for other cardiograms (for example, BCG, PCG), block 5 is turned off, and one of the amplifiers / -3 is used and the memory of standards 10-15 is replaced.

After checking for all cardiograms, the probability values recorded in device 31 are multiplied in device 32 with weighting factors stored in device 33. Then, through device 28, device 32 issues to print to device 29 a probability series made up of each device column 32 values

The development of standards for each of the cardiograms can also be performed in this device, for which the switch 25 disconnects from the block 7 the output of the converter 6, turning it on to the input of the block 24, which extracts extreme values from the set of similar orders of each cardiogram presented for training inputs of amplifiers / -3 and their recording in the memory device of the channel standards

Subject invention

A device for diagnosing diseases of the cardiovascular system, containing an informational feature extraction unit, an extreme value sampling unit, a benchmark block, a decision block, a probability calculator, a duplication block, memory blocks, a converter, switches, a synchronizer, a cipher, selectors, switches, counter, amplifiers and logic elements, characterized in that, with the aim of expanding its functionality.

in it, the INPUTS of the device through amplifiers, summing element, informative feature extraction unit and converter are connected to a synchronizer and an extreme value sampling unit, the outputs of which are connected to the inputs of the switch through the blocks of standards, its outputs are connected to the inputs of the synchronization unit which outputs are through selectors and Switches connected to entrances

a decision block connected to the counter input and a memory block; the outputs of the memory block and the counter are connected to the inputs of the probability calculator and the comparing element, the outputs of which

connected to the inputs of the valve and encoder, its outputs are connected to the input of the switch and to another input of the valve, the output of which through the switch is connected to the input of the printing device, another input of the switch

connected to the output of the multiplying unit connected by one " stroke through the storing unit with the probability calculating unit and With the storing unit of weights.