SU25124A1 - Multiphase mercury rectifier - Google Patents

Description

When a mercury rectifier operates with a liquid cathode, an inevitable increase in pressure occurs near the cathode, which is a consequence of the evaporation of the cathode. This increase in pressure will not interfere with cathode operation, unless it exceeds some relatively high limit. The increase in pressure near the anodes has a completely different meaning, since already with a small pressure and voltages of several hundred volts, so-called reverse ignition occurs easily.

To reduce the pressure of mercury vapor, it is usually necessary to make a significant surface for cooling the flask or, in general, the reservoir of the rectifier. This surface must be larger, the greater the current of the rectifier.

At the anodes, pressure reduction is achieved, in addition, by a number of additional measures, of which the anodes are most often used to place the anodes in long tubes, often with elbows. These tubes create, if they have a large additional cooling surface, the required drop in the pressure of mercury vapor near the anodes.

When the rectified voltage is several thousand volts, these tubes have to be done

long, since only in this case very small pressure will be obtained near the anodes, which is necessary in order to avoid reverse ignition. However, at high voltages, it is not possible to give the flask significant loads that create a large pressure near the cathode that cannot be reduced at the anodes to safe against reverse ignition, since increasing the length and decreasing the diameter of the tube over certain limits very quickly the magnitude of the incendiary potential, which reaches up to several thousand h volts in high-voltage flasks, is growing.

The present invention aims to obtain a large pressure drop between the cathode and the anode, and the magnitude of the incendiary potential does not reach any appreciable magnitude, which should contribute to stable operation.

To achieve this goal, it is supposed to create such conditions on the way from the cathode to the anodes, under which the current going along this path would not have interruptions, but all the time have a certain definite value, in other words, a positive pole should exist on the indicated path all the time. Positive ions of this pillar in such

In this case, the negative charges on the walls of the tubes will be neutralized, preventing them from accumulating to such limits that could cause a decelerating effect.

In the schematic drawing, FIG. 2 and 2 depict the proposed rectifier in two versions.

According to the invention, several anodes 4, 5, 6 ... of different phases are placed in a common cavity 8 connected by a common tube 7 with a cavity 12 of the cathode. Due to the presence of several phases in the cavity of the anodes in the tube 7, a continuously existing column of positive ions will occur, which will neutralize the negative charges on the walls of the tube 7, due to which the incendiary potential of the individual anodes must be small.

The pressure difference of mercury vapor in the cavity of the cathode and anodes can be achieved by using diaphragms 10 with holes 11 (Fig. 2) located in tube 7 common to all anodes. In this case, the negative charges on the walls of the diaphragms will be neutralized continuously by ions of the positive column, located in tube 7 of the patent.

Claims (2)

1. Multiphase mercury rectifier with a liquid cathode, characterized in that several anodes of different phases are placed in a common cavity connected by a common tube 7, which contains a positive column, with the cavity of the cathode (Fig. 1). 2. In multiphase mercury rectifier according to claim L, the application for obtaining the pressure difference of mercury vapors in the cavity of the cathode and the anodes of the diaphragms 10 with holes 11 located in the tube 7 common to all anodes (Fig. Z). D. Figure 1E to the patent of the State Cultural Union. Fip2 All-Union Electrical Engineering-VEO number 25124.