SU249346A1 - Reactor for homogeneous pyrolysis of hydrocarbons - Google Patents

Claims (1)

(54) REACTOR OF HOMOGENEOUS PYROLYSIS OF HYDROCARBONS The invention relates to a device for the thermal processing of hydrocarbon raw materials and is intended to produce acetylene from natural gas or acetylene and ethylene from liquid carbon hydrogen. The known method of homogeneous pyrolysis of hydrocarbons is that, by continuously burning fuel with a gaseous oxidant, a hot heat gas is obtained in the combustion chamber (homogeneous heating medium), liquid, gaseous or vaporous hydrocarbon is added to it, quickly mixed, and then -, reaction products are subjected to quenching Szakalka). Hydrogen, carbon dioxide or water vapor may be added to the initial one. A known reactor comprising a cylindrical combustion chamber, a mixing chamber with holes for the injection of raw materials, a reaction channel and a quenching device. To obtain flue gases, the fuel and oxidizer enter separately into the combustion chamber through several relatively disposed openings located on s different planes, then the flue gases pass through a high velocity section of the displacement zone, where hydrocarbon oil is injected through a number of openings. Such reactors do not provide complete combustion in connection with the separate introduction of fuel and oxidant in different planes of the combustion chamber. This leads to a decrease in the efficiency of the pyrolysis process and increased soot formation. In addition, the principle of a Venturi pipe is used to mix raw materials with combustion products in known reactor designs. When building reactors for high productivity, this mixing principle is unsatisfactory. The proposed reactor intensifies the process of mixing and pyrolysis, and also significantly increases the unit capacity of the reactor. This is achieved by the fact that the mixing chamber has the form of an annular nozzle with toroidal cavities in the critical section, and the combustion chamber is made in the form of a cone equipped in the upper part with tangential tunnels and ejection burners. as well as the subsequent combustion of the gas mixture in the tunnels and the upper part of the hull ensures complete combustion with maximum temperatures. In the lower part of the cone, where through the annular nozzle, equipped with toroidal cavities, the vulcrosive stream of hydrocarbon raw materials is injected. Acoustic oscillations excited in the reactor intensify the processes of heat and mass transfer, and also contribute to the coagulation of the smallest particles of soot and prevent its deposition on the internal surfaces of the reaction channel. FIG. 1 shows the proposed reactor section; in fig. 2 - section A-A fi. 1.o. Operating position, the reactor is vertical. It consists of an upper half of the middle part — an annular nozzle, a reaction tube — a combustion chamber with a channel and a lower part — a quenching device. The reactor nozzle contains a housing 1, equipped with a pipe 2 for supplying hydrocarbon raw materials and a cooling jacket 3 with distribution pipes 4. Inside the case there are concentrically located pipes 5 and 6. The outer pipe 6 in the upper part has a pipe 7, and has a hollow elliptical liner at its lower end 8. The annular nozzle, formed by the wall of the body i and the insertion 8, is supplied with a toroidal shelf 9 in a critical section. To cool the body, water enters the upper nozzle of the cooling jacket 3 and It is placed on a cooled surface, and then, passing between the tube space, is removed along the lower branch pipe of the shirt. To cool the central part of the nozzle, water enters through pipe 5 and is removed through pipe 7. The combustion chamber connected by its bottom with reaction channel 10 contains a cone 11, tangentially distributed burner tunnels 12, pipe 13 for the ignition device and ejection burners. The latter consist of an active nozzle 14, a receiving chamber with a nozzle 15, mixing ameres 16 and a cooled nozzle 17. The cone 11 of the combustion chamber and the reaction channel are made either of refractory material (zirconium dioxide, carborundum, etc.), or heat resistant steel and provided with a cooling jacket. The quenching device comprises a housing 18 with nozzles 19 and 20 and a collector, with nozzles 21. The reactor operates as follows. 4, the camera enters the mixing chamber 16. Here, along the nozzle 15 of the receiving chamber, ejection is carried out with oxygen or air, and due to the high turbulence of the flows, mixture formation occurs. Next, the gas mixture through the water cooled nozzles 17 enters the burner tunnels 12, where it is ignited. Nozzles 17 stabilizes the front of ignition of the gas mixture at the entrance to the tunnels 12 and prevents the flame from entering the burner. The combustion of the gas mixture, which began in the tunnels, ends in the cone 11 of the combustion chamber. The combustible gas mixture flows from the tunnels 12 flow tangentially into the upper part of the cone, as a result of which a rotating fire torch with a maximum temperature at the bottom is created inside the cone 11. The feedstock (liquid or gaseous hydrocarbons), preheated to 400-500 ° C and diluted with water vapor, enters the reactor through nozzle 2, and then through the annular nozzle of the reactor, is blown into the zone of maximum temperatures. The toroidal cavities 9 of the annular nozzle serve as resonators. - Dip on the annular blade of one of the resonators, the flow of hydrocarbon gases excites acoustic oscillations in it, which are amplified by another resonator working in antiphase with pairs, and radiated into the combustion chamber and the reaction channel. the intensification of the processes of heat and mass transfer between the hydrocarbon feedstock and the homogeneous coolant. In the reaction channel 10 is the process of pyrolysis. The optimum reaction temperature is maintained by the ratio of hydrocarbon feedstock with steam. At the exit of the reaction channel, the pyrolysis gases are subjected to rapid cooling (quenching) by injecting water with junction 21. The cooled pyrolysis gases are removed from the reactor through pipe 20, and water with soot particles through pipe 19. For the initial ignition of the reactor, an ignition device is used. is introduced through a pipe 13 located at the people's tunnel of the combustion chamber. Then the ignition from the gas mixture ignites all the remaining burners. Claims of the Invention Homogeneous pyrolysis reactor of hydrocarbons to obtain acetylene or ethylene, containing a mixing chamber, the mixing chamber is made in the form of an annular nozzle with a toroidal cavity in the critical section, and the chamber 2493466 Combustion has the shape of a cone, supplied in the upper part with tengenic tunnels and ejection burners. U2.J , - 249346 Jld. 7 / J2 ig. 2