SU2246A1 - Microphone and telephone device - Google Patents

Description

The present invention aims to get a simple, compact and cheap microphone-telephone device.

FIG. 1 shows a schematic longitudinal section of a microphone; FIG. 2 is a glass vial of a microphone (amplification capsules); FIG. 3-amplifier, in FIG. 4-phone and in FIG. 5 diagram of connections. The microphone (Fig. 1) consists of a metal box made up of two halves: an upper / with a conical edge 2 and a notch on the outer edge 5 and lower 4 in which three coils (windings) 5, 5 and 7 are placed, the windings of which are impregnated with glue so that they represent a solid solid mass. The inner lining of the upper lid consists of thin, interleaved paper layers, magnetic steel boxes 8 (4 shown in Fig. 1) with corresponding cuts: central and for contact screws attached to the box by means of a steel sleeve 9 with screw thread.

With a cone circle 10, screws // are fastened to the upper lid in a stretched condition membrane 12 of the finest stainless steel, the edges of which are a thickened steel circle / 5 with the corresponding number of screw holes //. The membrane 12 touches the outer edge of the magnetic box 8 and by means of the paper ring 14, which simultaneously serves to damp the metallic sound, holds the winding 5. On the other hand, the winding 6 is also supported by the same ring 15. The minimum distance between the diaphragm and the sleeve 9 is established experimentally. Between the windings 6 to 7, isolated from mutual induction by a metal disk 16, a glass vessel 17 (in Fig. 2 on an enlarged scale) is fixed in the central hole, from which air is removed and three contact, insulated from each other wires 18, 19 are removed, 20, the ends of which are led out to the outer contact screws (approximate dimensions of a glass vessel: diameter 5 mm., Height 1 mm.). The contact 20, in contrast to the contacts 18 and 19 of the first adjacent upward, and the second downwardly glass vessel (capsule), has the shape of a plug and is adjacent simultaneously to the upper and lower bottoms of the capsule. Amplifier capsules 17 filled | loose fine dust from chemically pure soft iron. The ends of the windings 5 and 7 are output (as shown in the drawing) for the first time to the two upper contact screws, and the second to the lower two or (as shown in the wiring diagram) constitute a closed circuit inside the box. In the first case, the number of external contact screws is nine, the second is five, to which three output ends from the amplifying capsule and two from winding 6 are attached. Separate parts of the microphone have the following designations: 21 - screws for fastening both halves of the box, 22 - a protrusion for mounting the horn, a 23-hollow contact screw, in the upper conical recess; The research institutes of which solder the output end, 24 - ebony insulating sleeve, -25 ebonite washer, 26-nut for fastening the contact screw, 27- lock nut for fastening the wires, j The microphone should be in a horizontal position during operation; I for this purpose it can be mounted on special legs or attached: to the bracket.

In a metal box (Fig. 3), an amplifier having six i contact screws on top, located three on each side, is placed ka; carcasses 29 and .30, isolated from each other by mutual induction with a metal circle 31, in the central opening of which a glass vessel (reinforcing capsules) 32, shown in FIG. 2. The three electrodes of the glass vessel are connected to the battery 54, and the ends of the windings of the coils 29 and 30 are connected to another group, as shown in the wiring diagram. Separate parts have the following designations: 33-metal bottom, closing the box 28, 34 - a hole to strengthen the box to the base, since the device must be in a horizontal position during operation. Amplifier can be designed

at different power, depending on the strength of the amplified current.

In the metal box of the telephone (Fig. 4), consisting of two halves 35 and 36, fastened with screws 37, there is a permanent magnet 38 and two windings 39 and 40, shown in FIG. 1. Between the windings 39 and 40 is placed a wavy (corrugated) membrane 41 of the finest high-grade steel, which is clamped on the outer edge between the outer edge of the magnet 38 and the bottom cover 36 and is separated from the windings 39 and 40 by means of paper circles 42 and 43. The ends of the windings 39 and 40 are outputted separately to the four contact screws, as shown in FIG. 4 or when connected inside the box, as shown in the circuit diagram, to three located on the same lid. The protrusion 44 serves to install the horn.

During the operation of the microphone, the contact screws 45 and 46 (Fig. 5) are short-circuited. The winding 5 with the winding 7 represents a common circuit and the oscillating current excited in the winding 5 passes the winding 7. Thus, the membrane 12 vibrating under sound waves creates alternately electromagnetic fields in the windings and 7. These electromagnetic fields act on the iron filings located in the amplification capsule 17 which are proportional to the force and direction of the electromagnetic field acting on them are sealed between contacts 18 and 10 or 19 and 20, thereby changing the resistance between these contacts. A battery of cells 55, depending on the change in resistance between the contacts in the amplifying capsule / 7, sends a pulsating current of variable force alternately in the following circuits: 55, 49, 20, 18, 48, 50, 30, 51 and 55, 49, 20, 19 , 47, 52, 29, 51, thus exciting similar windings 6 and 7, only a greater force, electromagnetic fields in bricks 29 and 30, which act as described above on iron filings of the capsule 32. In the same way, the battery of elements 54 excites electromagnetic fields in the windings of the telephone 39 and 50, which force the membrane 41 to vibrate with great force. the bottom of the wiring diagram, electromagnetic amplifiers can be installed in series in the circuit in any quantity and, thus, sound amplification can be achieved to the desired limits.

The microphone can also be used as an amplifier, for which the wires of the amplified current are connected in this case open to the contact screws 45 and 46, and the alternating electromagnetic field excited in the winding 6 causes the membrane 12 to vibrate.

The membrane 41 is wavy in order to increase the amplitude of its oscillations and bring its own vibrations to a low frequency that is not perceived by the ear. The membrane 12 is strengthened in a very tight state in order to bring its own vibrations to a high frequency that is not perceived by the ear.

SUBJECT OF THE PATENT.

A microphone-telephone device characterized by the use of a microphone provided with a membrane 12 placed between the rolls 5 and 5 and a glass vessel 17 from which air is pumped out and which is filled with a powder of chemically pure iron and located between the coils 6 to 7 separated by a metal disk 16 The vessel 17 is filled with three electrodes 18, 19 and 20, connected to the battery 55 and coils 29, 30 of the amplifier, separated from each other by a metal disk 31 fitted with a hole in which the filled iron powder is placed. flow vessel 32, three electrodes of which are included in the circuit of battery 54 and into the coils of the telephone (Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5) and from which air is pumped out.

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