SU1762347A1 - Quasi-optical phase inverter - Google Patents

Abstract

Usage: microwave technology, ensuring linear continuous phase shift in the quasi-optical path. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION: The device comprises a first T-shaped branching of the light guides, in the diagonal plane of which the first wire grid is installed, and the two adjacent arms are input and output. The third arm is connected to the second cruciform branching of the light emitters with the second wire grid rotated relative to the first one at an angle of 45 °, in the first arm there is a dihedral metal corner reflector, in the second arm a dielectric plate, a magnetized ferrite disk and a flat reflector, and in the third arm, the dihedral angular reflector is mounted for movement along the beam axis, the edge of which forms an angle of 45 ° amp; with the azimuth plane of the second wire grid. 1 il. 6

Description

The invention relates to ultra-high frequency radio engineering, in particular to quasi-optical radio measuring devices, and can be used to implement a linear continuous phase shift in a quasi-optical path.

Phase shifters in which a linear continuous phase shift is performed are used in the quasi-optical path as measuring phase shifters with a direct reading of the introduced phase shift on the scale, as well as phase frequency shifters to provide a continuous, linear in time phase shift at the output or in other words, frequency shift.

A polarization quasi-optical phase shifter is known, containing two quarter-wave phase-shifting sections.

and a half-wave phase-shifting section connected between them, each of them is made in the form of a flat reflector, in front of which a part-periodic wire grating is installed at a distance providing quarter-wave and half-wave phase shifts for orthogonal polarized wave components, respectively. The phase of the output signal is adjusted by rotating the grating of the half-wave phase-shifting section around an axis perpendicular to its plane. In such a phase shifter, due to the oblique incidence of the wave on the half-wave phase-shifting section, the input phase shift is related to the angle of rotation of this section by a nonlinear relationship. In addition, work in the frequency range requires the restructuring of the half-wave phase-shifting section. Oh you cj 4 h

The use of this phase shifter as a phase frequency shifter by continuously rotating the half-wave section results (due to the nonlinear dependence of the phase shift on its angle of rotation) to the appearance of side spectra of the output signal, making it difficult to work with the phase shifter-frequency shifter.

In another known polarization phase shifter and a phase shifter, the oblique incidence of the beam on the rotary half-wave phase-shifting section is carried out sequentially in two mutually perpendicular planes, which partially compensates linearization of the input phase shift from the angle of the half-wave section. However, its device is structurally complex, the indicated linearization is incomplete, it only achieves a partial improvement in the output spectrum, and finally, the requirement for the rearrangement of the half-wave phase-shifting section remains in operation in the frequency range.

A radical improvement in the output signal spectrum and obtaining a linear dependence of the phase shift on the angle of rotation of the half-wave section is achieved in a quasi-optical phase shifter, which is the closest analogue (prototype) of the invention. In it, to increase the frequency shift and expand the range, a dihedral 90 ° angular reflector is used as a half-wave phase-shifting section. The phase shifter also contains a quarter-wave phase-shifting section in the form of a wire grid and a planar reflector parallel to it, and two tee ramifications of the light guide with wire grids in diagonal planes serving to separate the incident wave and the reflected (output) wave (if used as a frequency shifter - output frequency shifted waves).

The disadvantage of this phase shifter is the large signal loss associated with the selection of the reflected signal (frequency shifted). They are 6 dB: only 1/4 of the power (at the shifted frequency) enters the output channel of the phase shifter, 1/4 of the power (at the shifted frequency) returns to the generator and 1/2 of the power at the frequency of the input signal is lost or in some circuits, can be sent to the reference channel.

The purpose of this invention is to reduce signal loss. Reducing the signal loss in the phase shifter allows

to increase the potential (to expand the dynamic range) of measurement systems using a quasi-optical phase shifter, or a specified dynamic measuring range with less powerful generators, which are cheaper and have a longer service life.

This goal is achieved by the fact that in a quasi-optical phase shifter containing the first branching of the beam transmitters, made T-shaped and equipped with a first wire grating installed in the diagonal branching plane, the two adjacent arms are input

5 and output, and a second branching of the light guides with the second wire grating installed in its diagonal plane, rotated relative to the first one at an angle of 45 °, and with the dihedral metal angled reflector installed in its first arm rotatably relative to the beam axis and connected to the third, is attached to the third. the second shoulder, located along the axis of the input shoulder, is set flat

5 is a reflector, the second branching of the light guides is cross-shaped, and a magnetized ferrite disk with a dielectric is placed in front of the flat reflector perpendicular to the axis of the light guide.

0 by the plate, in the third shoulder of the second branching, the dihedral / angular reflector is displaced to the axis of the beam transmitter, the edge of which forms an angle of 45 ° with the azimuth plane

5 second wire grid.

The invention is illustrated in the drawing.

The phase shifter contains, for the first time, a branching of the light emitters 10, made T-about0 different and equipped with the first wire R grating 11 installed in its diagonal plane. The two adjacent arms of this branching, 1 and 2, are input nd output, and the third is connected to the second.

A swarm, four shoulders, branching of the beams 3 with the second wire grid 4 installed in its diagonal plane 4 turned with respect to the first wire grid 11 at an angle of 45 °. In the first shoulder

0 the four-arm branching of the light guides C is rotatably mounted with respect to the axis of the light guide, a two-sided metal angular reflector 8 equipped with a scale of 9, and in the second arm

5, a flat reflector 7 is placed along the axis of the input arm 1, in front of which a magnetized ferrite disk 6 with a dielectric plate 12 is installed. In the third shoulder of the 4-arm branch no beam guide 3 is installed with

By moving along the beam axis, a dihedral reflector 5, the edge of which forms an angle of 45 ° with the azimuth plane of the second wire grid 4. In addition, in the drawing: 13 is the magnetic system of the ferrite; EI and Е2 are the electric field vectors of the electromagnetic wave at the input and output of the device.

Quasi-optical phase shifter works as follows. A linearly polarized wave EI enters the shoulder 1 of the phase shifter, the electric vector of which is perpendicular to the wires of the lattice 11. It is a wave of the main type ENp of a hollow dielectric or metal-dielectric beamguide of a circular or square cross section, having a flat phase front and axisymmetric amplitude distribution with a maximum beam axis Such a wave passes freely through the grating 11, and the grating 4 is divided into linearly polarized components Ei-4-5 and Ei-4-7, equal in amplitude and polarized respectively in parallel and perpendicular to the azimuth of the grating 45. Component E1- 4-5, when reflected from the reflector 5, undergoes a mutual rotation of the polarization plane through an angle of 90 °, since the edge of the dihedral corner reflector 5 is oriented at an angle of 45 ° to the azimuthal plane of the grating 4. Wave E1-4-5-4 passes through the grating 4 and enters the dihedral metal corner reflector 8. The component E1-4-7, when passing through the magnetized ferrite disk 6 to the flat reflector 7, experiences a nonreciprocal rotation of the polarization plane proportional to the thickness of the disk and the magnetic field H generated by the magnetic system 13, which are chosen in such a way that the rotation of the polarization plane of the component Ei-4-7 is 45 °. After reflection from the flat reflector 7, the E1-4-7-4 wave in the ferrite disk 6 again tests the polarization plane through an angle of 45 ° and therefore enters the grating 4 with a polarization orthogonal to Ei-4-7. As a result, E1-4-7-4 is reflected from the grid 4 to the corner dihedral reflector 8. A quarter-wave dielectric plate 12 at the front end of the ferrite disk 6 is a matching layer. Axial movement of the dihedral reflector 5 is necessary to establish the difference in electrical lengths of sections 4-5 and 4-7, equal to I / 8, where I is the wavelength of the quasi-optical beam. As a result of double passage of sections 4-5 and 4-7, the phase difference of components E1-4-5-4 and

E1-4-7-4 becomes equal to R / 4, and the polarization of the E4-8 wave, which is the sum of these components, is circular. The phase reflected from the dihedral corner reflector 8 of a circularly polarized wave U4-8-4 is associated with the angle of its rotation around the axis of the beam transmitter, turning the reflector does not cause the phase shift of the reflected wave by 2) and therefore uniform

its rotation with frequency Q causes the frequency of the reflected signal to shift by 2 Q, the wave reflected by the reflector 8 is also polarized in a circle, but its vector rotates in the opposite direction with respect to the direction of rotation of the polarization vector of the E4-8 wave. This is equivalent to the introduction for one of the orthogonal components of the E4-8-4 wave phase shift of 180 ° (I / 2) with respect to the other component.

On the lattice 4, the Es-4 wave is divided into two linearly polarized components Ea-4-5 and Hb-4-7, equal in amplitude, polarized respectively perpendicularly and parallel to the azimuth of the lattice 4. After the passage of the sections 4-5 and 2 times 4-7, the phase difference of these components becomes 0 ° (360 °), if only the difference in electrical lengths of these sections is taken into account. However, when reflecting from a dihedral corner reflector 5, the plane of polarization rotates by 90 °, which is equivalent to a phase shift of 180 °. As a result, the polarization azimuth of the Ez-n wave, which is the sum of the two components

Ez-4-5-4, reflected from lattice 4, and Eu-4-7-4, passing through this lattice, makes an angle of 90 ° with the azimuth of wave polarization E1-4. Therefore, wave 4-11 is reflected by lattice 11 and is fed to output 2 of the phase shifter in

E2 waveform.

Thus, without taking into account the dissipative losses in the light guides and the ferrite disk, the entire energy of the input electromagnetic wave EI is converted into the energy of the wave E2,

adjustable in phase or frequency shifted.

Claims (1)

Invention Formula A quasi-optical phase shifter containing the first branching of the light emitters, made T-shaped and equipped with the first wire gauge installed in the diagonal plane of the branching. two adjacent arms of which are input and output, and the second is connected to the second branching of the light emitters with a second wire grating installed in its diagonal plane rotated relative to the first one through an angle of 45 ° and with a dihedral axis installed in its first shoulder a metal corner reflector, and in the second arm, located along the axis of the input arm, a flat reflector is installed, characterized in that, in order to reduce the signal loss, the second beam branching Phillips and configured to s 0 placed with a flat reflector mounted perpendicular to the beam axis, a magnetized ferrite disk with a dielectric plate is installed, and in the third arm of the second splitter, a dihedral corner reflector is mounted for moving along the beam axis, the edge of which forms an angle of 45 ° with the azimuthal plane of the second wire grid. Yu and Z Z Zww // yY & & E ®  l  2 W% / shR - Yush &