SU1762022A1 - Synchronizer - Google Patents

Abstract

Usage: in transmissions of self-propelled machines for shock-free gear changes. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION: A synchronizer comprises a shaft with a splined part, on both sides of which gears are arranged. Friction rings are placed on the gears. The spline sleeve is installed on the splined section of the shaft. The clip is placed on the splined sleeve and interacts with it by means of a pin installed in the groove. The groove is made on the outer surface of the slotted sleeve. Gears are equipped with a pin that restricts the rotation of the ring relative to the gear. 1 hp ff, 5 ill.

Description

This invention relates to mechanical engineering, in particular to gear shifting devices in step transmissions.

Gear shifting devices are known, including a gear coupling, one of the half couplings of which is fixed to the shaft, and the other is connected to a gear wheel of a gear engaged. The switching of steps is carried out by moving the link closing the half coupling (PP Lukin et al. Designing and calculating the automobile. M .: Mashinostroenie, 1984, p.116).

The use of this device requires preliminary alignment of the angular velocities of the coupling halves, otherwise the gear shift is difficult and is accompanied by wear of the teeth of the coupling halves.

Gear shifting devices are also known, which include, along with the gear coupling, an additional friction clutch designed to prevent the closure link from moving to the gear coupling if the angular speeds of the coupling halves are not aligned (US Patent No. 4141440, F 16 D 13/00. 1979).

These devices require a large stroke of the gear coupling for switching, which degrades the performance properties of the switching mechanism.

The closest to the technical essence of the design of the synchronizer containing gears, friction rings mounted on the gears is fixed in the axial direction, the shaft with the spline part, made on it between the gears mounted on the shaft, splined sleeve, clip, mounted on the spline sleeve and lock (US patent No. 3741358, CL F 16 D 23/06, 1973).

This design also requires a large stroke of the gear coupling for switching.

The purpose of the invention: improved performance by reducing the stroke of the clip.

The goal is achieved by the fact that in a known construction of a synchronizer containing gears, friction rings mounted on gears

WITH

WITH

-h oh

to

about

Yu

Hche

fixed axially, shaft with splined part, made on it between the gears mounted on the shaft, splined bushing, clip mounted on the spline bushing and retainer, friction rings are installed with the possibility of rotation relative to the corresponding gear, and the clip is mounted on the splined bushing with the possibility of relative screw movement, and the stroke of the splined sleeve is determined from the ratio

H R tg a / tg / 3,

where H is the stroke of the splined sleeve, R is the outer radius of the splined sleeve, / 9 - the angle of inclination of the screw groove, a is the angle of rotation of the friction ring relative to the corresponding gear,

A reduction in the stroke required for gear changes is achieved by the relative screw movement of the yoke and the splined hub when the coupling halves desynchronize,

Figure 1 shows a section of the proposed synchronizer; FIGS. 2 and 3 show the structures and geometrical characteristics of the above expressions.

The synchronizer includes a shaft 1 having a splined section 2, on both sides of which gears 3 and 4 are mounted with friction rings 5 and 6 mounted on them. On the splined section 2 of shaft 1 there is a splined sleeve 7, on the outer surface of which a holder 8 is mounted, which interacts by means of a pin 9 with a helical groove 10 formed on the outer surface of the spline sleeve 7. Gears 3 and 4 are provided with pins 11, limiting, for example, rotation of the friction ring 6 relative to the gear wheel 4 hole sizes 12. Between the shaft 1 and the slotted sleeve 7, a retainer is installed, consisting of a ball 13 and a spring 14.

Friction rings, for example, 6. have splines on the inner surface that are similar to splines of slotted sleeve 7. When assembled, friction ring 6 advances along splines of gear wheel 4 until it enters the groove to exit the slot, then rotates to align the axes of pin 11 and hole 12. Pin 11 is pressed into gear 4. Such an implementation allows the angular displacement of the friction ring 6 relative to the gear wheel 4 and prevents their relative axial displacements.

The synchronizer works as follows. To engage the transmission, disengage the clutch, move the holder 8 to the side of the gear, for example 4.

The conical surface of the holder 8 interacts with the conical surface of the ring b. The angular velocities of the shaft 1 and the gear wheel 4 are aligned. The helix direction of the groove 10 should

0 coincide with the direction of rotation of the gear 4, if its angular speed is greater than the angular velocity of the shaft 1, and to be opposite if the speed of the shaft 1 is higher. Hence the restriction indicated

5, the synchronizer may be used advantageously in two-stage gears multipliers and multipliers.

After aligning the angular velocities, the grip is engaged and the angular

0 the speed of the shaft 1 using the engine in the direction of increasing, if the lower gear is engaged or reduced, if the USA is Tr as the yoke 8 remains stationary in the axial direction, then under the action of moments on the shaft 1, the splined sleeve moves along the axis of the shaft 1 including the gear, Steps The synchronizer operation is shown in FIGS. 4 and 5. Therefore, the friction ring 6 is rotated relative to the gear wheel 4, compensating for the angular displacement of the sleeve 7 and the gear wheel 4. The gear is engaged. If it is necessary to switch on the other gear, the clip 8 is moved towards the gear 3 and the described process is repeated. Lock 13 is necessary for switching on the neutral. In this case, the clip 8 is moved to the gear off direction, the splined sleeve 7 is carried away. After fixing the sleeve in the neutral position the yoke 8 is also installed in neutral, ensuring its fixation in the control drive. If non-neutral switching is used, then a latch is not needed.

5Application of a similar construction

particularly useful in dividers or gearboxes of automatic transmissions, where gear shifting is accompanied by control and regulation

0 speed of the drive motor and should occur as quickly as possible and without shock.

In all cases, the closure of the gear coupling occurs at close angular speeds x of the shaft and the gear of the gear engaged, which ensures that the gearshift is not affected.

Claims (2)

Claim 1. Synchronizer containing gears, friction rings mounted on gears with fixation in the axial direction, shaft with spline part made between gears mounted on it, spline sleeve, clip mounted on spline sleeve and retainer so that, in order to improve performance by increasing speed, the friction rings are rotatably mounted relative to the gears, and the yoke is mounted on a splined hub with possibility vintovo135 movement relative to the splined hub. 2. The synchronizer according to claim 1, that is, so that the stroke length of the splined sleeve is determined from the ratio H R tg "/ tg / 3, where H is the stroke of the splined sleeve R is the outer radius of the slotted vtuly. / - the angle of inclination of the screw groove, its angle of rotation of the friction lance relative to the gear. 3 HR 64 / 4-A FIG. 2 FIG. / duff B fig.Z 1352 873 / 064ff four fa g l Fig 3