SU1761199A1 - Chuck-type filter and method for it manufacturing - Google Patents

Abstract

This invention relates to a process for the purification of natural and waste waters. The goal is to increase the filter capacity of the filter, simplify its design, reduce the complexity of regeneration and simplify the method of making the filter. The cartridge filter is made split-length in length and oriented with a large number of layers towards the water inlet side, with the number of layers varying in length both outside and inside the filter cartridge, and the edges of the layers between two adjacent layers are along a helix. The method of manufacturing the filter cartridge is that after cutting the rectangular workpiece is bent diagonally and rolled into a roll around an axis perpendicular to the long diagonal of the workpiece. The cartridge filter and the method of its manufacture can be applied in shipbuilding, in communal households, in food and other industries. 2 sp.f-ly, 1 tab. 5 il.

Description

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This invention relates to a process for the purification of natural and waste waters.

A cartridge filter is known, consisting of a cylindrical body with nozzles for supplying and discharging water and a filter cartridge made of an elastic filtering material, for example, polyurethane foam, in the form of a multi-layer roll. The cartridge is formed by several layers of filtering material, and between the adjacent layers there are electroconductive grids connected to the poles of the current source, and the space inside the grid cells is filled with dispersed metallic material, for example, silver or aluminum shot. The grids are coated with rare earth metals (for example, oxides

ruthenium). There is a drainage tube along the axis of the cartridge, and layers of filter material are wound around it. The cartridge is inserted into the body with a gap. The water to be treated, under pressure, flows through the inlet to the filter cavity, fills the annular space around the cartridge and is filtered in the radial direction, successively passing through all the layers of the filter. At the same time, the filter layers are filled with contaminant particles both due to the pressure of water and electric forces when current passes through the grid electrodes.

The disadvantage of the filter is low soil capacity during the purification of natural highly mineralized waters, for example, sea water. This is due to the fact that

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The high electrical conductivity of water anodic processes on the electrodes are sharply intensified, the dispersed material quickly dissolves, forming dispersed hydrate compounds of the type AI (OH) 3, which sweep the filter pores, i.e. clog up the filter and thus reduce its useful capacity for water purification.

In addition, the geometry of the filter cartridge does not provide for the possibility of sequential (layer-by-layer filling of the filter cartridge with dispersed impurities from water, the filter is clogged along the entire length simultaneously, since the porosity of the filter is also uniform in length. Another drawback of the filter is the complexity of the design, due to the presence of grids and dispersed filler. Because of the indicated drawbacks, the cartridge filter is unsuitable for purifying seawater, for example, on ships.

The described filter is the prototype of the claimed invention.

A method of manufacturing a cartridge filter is also known, comprising cutting a rectangular blank of elastic filtering material, rolling the blank into a multi-layer roll and placing the roll into the filter housing. At the same time, at least three rectangular blanks are opened, metal mesh-electrodes are placed between them, and mesh cells are filled with dispersed electrically conductive material, for example, silver or aluminum shot. For the manufacture of blanks, for example, polyurethane foam (foam rubber) is used. The layers of the blanks are stacked on top of one another and the resulting layer cake is folded around a perforated tube, which is oriented perpendicular to the long side of the rectangular blank. After the roll has been formed, in order to prevent the shot from spilling out, the cartridge is tightened with bandages, then inserted into the filter housing with a gap.

The described method is too complicated to implement in the conditions of shortage of maintenance personnel, for example, on sea vessels. The complexity is due to the need to cut several rectangular blanks, as well as the presence of an operation to place the grid-electrodes and shot. The method requires special tooling and a tool that is very labor intensive. Due to this drawback, the method has not been applied to sea vessels.

The described method is the prototype of the claimed invention.

The aim of the invention is to increase the filter capacity, simplifying its

construction and reduction of the complexity of regeneration and simplification of the method of manufacturing the filter. The goal is achieved by the fact that the filter cartridge is made split-length in length and oriented end with a large number of layers towards the water outlet, the number of layers varies both outside and inside the body of the cartridge, and the interface between two adjacent layers is as a helical surface. In the manufacture of a cartridge filter, a rectangular billet after cutting is bent in half along a long diagonal, and folding into a roll is led around an axis, perpendicular to the long diagonal of the billet.

The above distinctive features of the device provide for movement in the filter case of water flows outside the body of the cartridge along a screw channel of variable cross section, which narrows along the movement of water and internal with respect to the body of the cartridge, also along the screw channel of variable section.

As a result, the dispersed particles of impurities are delivered to the farthest, dead-end zones of the filter, and the packaging is contaminated at the points farthest from the entrance of the filter. Tangential to the surface components, the flow velocities prevent particles from settling, sticking to the surface of the cartridge before the particle reaches a dead end. The filter is contaminated sequentially, starting from the most

distant (stagnant) zones, and then extends to the middle zones and zones located near the entrance to the filter. As a result of organized packing of particles of impurities, the filter capacity increases. The simplicity of the filter design is due to the presence of a filter element made in the form of one piece of a given configuration. The presence in the filter of screw channels extending to the entrance and formed by helical interfaces between adjacent layers facilitates the regeneration of the filter by countercurrent water. Reception of regeneration by removal and washing

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As for the features of the method of manufacturing the cartridge filter, they ensure the manufacture of a filter cartridge from only one part. This drastically reduces the total number of one ration of the method and their total labor intensity.

Figure 1 - shows the cartridge filter in the section; figure 2 - filter cartridge, axonometric General view; on fig.Z - billet of elastic filter material; figure 4 - the workpiece after the bending operation; figure 5 is a cross section of the filter cartridge at C-C.

The cartridge filter contains a cylindrical body 1, a removable cover 2 and a nozzle 3 and 4, respectively, for entering and leaving water. A filter cartridge 5 made of elastic filter material in the form of a roll is coaxially mounted in the body cavity. The cartridge 5 is multi-layered in length, the number of layers in the cross section of the cartridge increases in the direction of its longitudinal axis, with the number of layers changing both outside and inside the body of the cartridge. The interface between two adjacent layers is made in the form of a helical surface 6 (Fig. 2). The cartridge with its end 7 with a large number of layers is oriented in the housing towards the nozzle 4 for draining water and, accordingly, with the end 8 with a smaller number of layers towards the nozzle 3 for supplying water. The end 7 of the cartridge is inserted into the filter housing with a tension, which is ensured by the elastic deformation of the filter material in the radial direction. Due to this, in the local zone 7 adjacent to the outlet nozzle 4, the filter pores are thinner than in other parts of the cartridge. Between the inner wall of the housing and the outer surface of the filter cartridge, an annular screw-shaped channel 9 of variable cross-section is formed, which narrows in steps from the entrance to the exit, and in the lower part of the case where the cartridge is partially crimped, the channel disappears altogether. A channel 10 similar in configuration is formed by the central part of the cartridge, the channel has spiral walls and tapers in steps from the water inlet to the outlet. At the bottom of channel 11 is nullified.

For the manufacture of the cartridge, for example, polyurethane foam (foam rubber), nonwoven wool NFM filter material, cloth, etc. can be used.

In the housing, the cartridge rests on the drainage net 12. The coaxial arrangement of the cartridge in the housing is ensured only by deforming the lower part of the cartridge without any fasteners.

Cartridge filter works as follows

The water to be treated, for example, sea water, is fed through pipe 3

under pressure in the filter housing. Two streams are formed: one stream is sent to the spiral like 9, and the other stream - into the spiral channel 10. At the same time, due to

relatively high velocity of water (at least 1 m / s) along the wall of the cartridge, i.e. Above the filtering surface, the most distant (dead-end) zones 12 and 13 are carried away, where the flow rate is reduced ten times and the particles precipitate. Smaller particles up to 5 microns in size are filtered with water through a compacted zone 7, where they are deposited already in the pores of the filter material itself. The clarified winding up of the nozzle 4. As dirt accumulates in zones 12 and 13, a kind of plug forms on which the incident flow of water acts like a plunger and additionally compresses zone 7 from the original height HI and decreases to On. As a result of this compression, zone 7 becomes impermeable to particles less than 5 microns in size; it only passes pure water. Therefore, in

5, the work entering the overlying zone 14 is not yet clogged. The accumulation of large soils is now one floor higher in zones 15 and 16. After they are filled, they are also, like the underlying zones 12 and 13

0 become traffic jams through which the incident flow compresses zone 14, reducing its height from ns to ns. Thus, due to the organized deposition of the artificial creation of a kind of tele5 scattering effect, due to which, as well as due to the elastic properties of the filtering material, all filter zones are sequentially compressed in the axial direction, starting from the farthest from

0 entrance and ending near to the entrance. This is what ensures uniform filling of the dirt throughout the volume of the filter cartridge and is higher than that of the prototype, the capacity of the filter. Filter regeneration is carried out

5 countercurrent water at a pressure equal to or greater than the working one. In this case, the flow of water affects the compacted bottom in zones 12 and 13, 15 and 16, etc. the sediment, as on a plunger, as a result of which the sediment is screwed through the screw channels, as if through a thread, from the filter. Fine particles are removed from the pores of the filter by a stream of water. In this way, you can restore the filter to 90-95% of the original performance. If a

5, it is required to restore the filter to 100%. then the lid 2 is opened, the filtering cartridge 5 is removed from the housing, the filter cloth is unwrapped and washed, and the filter cloth is washed in clean water. Then filter

assembled in a housing according to the method described below and continue to be used for the intended purpose.

The method of manufacturing the cartridge filter is that the following operations are performed successively.

A flexible filtering material, such as polyurethane foam, exposes a rectangular blank (FIG. 3). The workpiece is bent in half along the long diagonal (figure 4). The billet, bent in half, is rolled into a roll around an axis perpendicular to the long diagonal of the workpiece (in FIG. 4, the folding of the roll starts, for example, from point A and moves, when the roll is rolled, to point B. The overall view of the rolled roll is shown in FIG. 2, and its cross section in Fig. 5. The rolled-up roll is inserted into the body so that the lower, more multi-layered part 7 of the roll enters the body with tension and is arranged in the direction of the outlet nozzle 4. The cover of the filter body is closed, the filter is ready for operation.

The direction of folding of the roll around an axis, perpendicular to the long diagonal, is chosen on the basis that no other axis makes it possible to obtain a filter of the described construction. If the axis is not perpendicular, but inclined to the long diagonal at any acute angle, none of the ends of the assembled cartridge will have a solid completely filled with filter material, i.e. inevitably, helical cavities are formed at both ends. Such a cartridge does not have a base and will not be able to work according to the principle described above. If you roll a roll around an axis parallel to the short or long side of the blank bent in half, it is impossible to form the spiral channels necessary in the filter design, i.e. This method does not provide the required filter geometry. The only and optimal folding angle is the angle around the axis perpendicular to the long diagonal of the workpiece.

The operation of bending a rectangular billet of a genuine diagonal is optimal, since it ensures the manufacture of a filter with the required cartridge geometry with minimal labor costs, since bending an elastic billet in half is easier in any case than cutting the billet in half along the same diagonal, and then folding the cartridge from two details.

Example. Made a prototype of the filter of the proposed design and

claimed method. Insulating felt based on viscose fibers was used as a blank for filtering material. Size of rectangular blank

amounted to 600x350 mm. The workpiece, 5 mm thick, was bent in half along the long diagonal, and then rolled into a roll around an axis perpendicular to the long diagonal. We received a cartridge with a diameter of at the bottom

0 a large number of layers of a part of 80 m and a height of 300 mm. The cartridge was inserted into a cylindrical case with a diameter of 70 mm so that the lower part of the cartridge entered the case with tension, and the top freely. The height of the filter was 310 mm. The filter was tested on sea water in the Barents Sea in parallel with the prototype filter layout of similar sizes, manufactured by a known method. Comparative results of tests are given in the table.

It follows from the table that the inventive filter has, in comparison with the prototype, a higher heat capacity, a longer filter cycle, a simpler design and requires less regeneration labor. In this case, both filters provide the same quality of water treatment and have the same performance. The claimed method compared with

Claims (2)

1. Cartridge filter containing a cylindrical body with nozzles for supplying and discharging water, placed coaxially in 5 housing multi-layered filter cartridges made in the form of a roll of elastic material, characterized in that, in order to increase the filter capacity, simplify its design and reduce the complexity of regeneration, the filter cartridge is made of different layers in height, while the number of layers along the height of the cartridge increases in the direction of the water outlet pipe from the inner and outer sides of the cartridge, with the edges of the filter material between adjacent layers placed along a helix. 2. Method of making a cartridge filter 0 by making a rectangular blanks, rolling them into a roll to form a filter cartridge and installing the latter coaxially in the housing, which means that, in order to increase the filter capacity, before rolling the blank into a roll, the blank is folded diagonally to form two layers, and roll-up rolls lead around an axis, perpendicular to the diagonal of the workpiece. entrance breathing (Reg. I Lini ctutfd (puz.4 Fig 5