SU1759287A1 - Root-crop harvester - Google Patents

Abstract

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION: The machine contains an undermining plowshare, topping beaters with elastic blades, a separating elevator and a device for laying root and tuber crops on the ground. Under the elevator are placed sequentially installed soil cutter and roller, having a barrel shape. In the course of work, the cut soil layer is processed by a milling cutter, and the roller forms a bed for the subsequent laying of the crop to be harvested. 2 Il.

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION The invention relates to agricultural machinery, namely, machines for digging and picking up root crops, including onions.

Known machine for two-phase harvesting onions.

Onions are harvested with such a machine in two phases — in the first phase, the onion is excavated and laid into a roll for ripening; in the second phase, the onion is harvested from rolls and loaded into a vehicle.

The peculiarity of the well-known onion harvesting machine is the cut of a wide knife of a continuous layer of soil containing onions, and the feeding of this layer onto the machine's surface. Soil lumps that are not separated. along with the onions, the floor is fed to the surface, forming a roll on the trail of the car.

In the second phase of harvesting, the digger lifts up and when the machine is moving, the swath is fed to the same separating surface, therefore those soil clumps that were not separated on the first

the harvesting phase, and in the second phase, they are not released from the pile and along with the onions enter vehicles.

A disadvantage of the known machine is that it does not ensure the release of soil lumps, especially commensurate with the geometric dimensions of the onion, or exceeding it.

A device for the aggravation of agricultural crops, adopted as a prototype used in the harvesting of root and tuber crops and onions, contains plowshares for pulling, separating and unloading conveyors.

A feature of this device is the cutting of the soil layer containing the bulbs by the ploughshare. When the layer is lifted by the ploughshare, the blades of the beaters pinch the onion leaves, take it out and transfer it to a separating conveyor, when a roll forms on the surface of the usually coarsely lumped soil. After refining, this roll is picked up and loaded into the vehicle, however

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it is in the pile of onions that soil impurities are found that cannot be separated, since they are comparable in size with or larger than the picked onion.

Thus, the disadvantage of this machine is the high content of soil impurities in the heap of onions during the selection of the roll.

The task was to obtain such an operation in the first phase of harvesting, which in the second phase of the harvesting - selection will ensure the effective separation of soil impurities.

The purpose of the invention is to reduce the amount of soil impurities in the product being harvested.

The proposed machine for harvesting of tubers and vegetables, unlike the prototype, is equipped with a soil cutter and a barrel-shaped roller which are successively installed and placed under the separating elevator.

Laying a pile of onions on a crushed soil layer reduces the content of soil impurities during the selection of the roll because the soil that is picked up by the ploughshare when the roll is lifted is easily sieved at the separating elevator.

Installing a soil cutter under the separation elevator at the very end allows you to actively influence the top soil layer and bring this soil layer to a mildly lumpy state without destroying the structure, ensuring good separation of the soil from the onions.

The barrel-shaped skating rink installed behind the cutter forms a bed of crushed soil in the form of surfaces inclined toward the center, which prevents the bulbs from rolling or rolling out in between.

Comparison of the invention with the prototype allowed establishing its compliance with the novelty criterion.

When studying other well-known technical solutions in this field of technology, the signs that distinguish the invention from the prototype have not been identified, they ensure the criterion of significant differences,

An example of the implementation of machine harvesting of tubers, in particular two-phase harvesting of onions.

In the first phase of harvesting, the undermined onions are taken out of the soil and fed to a separating grain elevator, on which adhering soil lumps are separated. The cut soil layer is milled to a mildly cobble state with dimensions not exceeding the size of the root crops, including the number of onions of minimal sizes. Then a bed for rolls is formed from this soil. In the second phase of harvesting, the plowshares are raised above and placed in front of the separation elevator (see position 6 in Fig. 1, dashed line) so that it lifts the swath together with part of the milled soil to avoid damage to the harvested crop. When shaking such a pile on the separating elevator, soil impurities easily fall out of it, the pile becomes qualitative, without soil impurities.

FIG. 1 shows a diagram of the machine for two-phase onion harvesting, side view; in fig. 2 is a section A-A in FIG. one.

The machine contains mounted on frame 1 a copying mechanism in the form of supporting-copying wheels 2, two working bodies, each of which is made in the form of a beater consisting of a shaft 3 on which elastic blades 4 are fixed to grip onion leaves. The shafts 3 are equipped with asterisks 5 to drive them into rotation towards each other. The free ends of the blades 4 of both beaters are located opposite each other in the zone of their interaction. Below the beaters is the plowshare 6, the working surface of which is placed obliquely to the horizontal. A separating elevator 7 is installed behind the beaters, under which a mill 8 and a roller 9 are placed. An intermediate conveyor 10 is installed behind the separating elevator, after which the unloading conveyor 11 is installed transversely to the vehicle's longitudinal axis to transport the pile to vehicles.

The machine for two-phase onion harvesting works as follows.

When the machine moves along rows of onion plants, the plowshare 6 cuts the soil layer containing the bulbs, picks it up. As the bulbs are released from the soil. At the moment when the layer of soil from the plowshare 6 comes off, the blades 4 pinch the onion leaves, pull the onions out of the layer and feed them to the separating elevator 7. That soil, which together with the onion enters the elevator 7, after shaking the latter, is sifted to the surface of the cut soil layer. As the machine advances, the cut soil layer together with the separated soil is processed by a soil mill 8. Installed behind the soil mill, the barrel-shaped roller 9 forms from the soil in a finely waxy state a bed in the form of surfaces inclined to the center, which eliminates rolling out or rolling out bulbs in between row. During the first phase of harvesting, the unloading conveyor 11 is retracted to the extreme rearward position in order to lay a roll for ripening on the machine track. When carrying out the second phase of harvesting, the plowshare 6 is excavated and installed in front of the elevator 7. The second beater is brought to the first level and the drive of these beaters is turned off. The discharge conveyor 11 is transferred to the front end position (see No. 11 in FIG. 1, dashed line). The mill and the roller are raised to the transport position, and at the same time the drive of the soil mill is switched off. When the machine is moving along the roll, the ploughshare 6 picks up the swath and grabs a part of the bed to prevent damage to the bulbs, and this pile enters the separating elevator 7, on which the soil of the bed is sifted, and the clean pile is loaded into the vehicle by unloading the conveyor 11.

The use of the invention makes it possible to improve the quality of the pile by reducing the content of soil impurities in it, which makes it possible to lay this pile for storage without further elaboration.

Claims (1)

Invention Formula A machine for harvesting root and nourishing crops, which contains an undermining blade, terebilny beaters, a separating elevator, and a device for laying the root crops on the soil, which is such that, in order to reduce the soil impurities in the harvested product, it is equipped with successively installed and placed under the separating elevator with soil that has been removed. a roller having a barrel shape. Shig1