SU1757920A1 - Method of forming ornaments on object - Google Patents

Abstract

Use: making ornaments for objects of applied art. SUMMARY: between the object and the source of influence, two adjacent stencils are placed with parallel parallel rows of elements arranged in mutually perpendicular directions, and set relative to each other in the range of the rotation angle 0 ° and 180, while the data of the stencils is determined from the conditions: 0.20 So / Fo 90. 1 S0 / So 2, where So and Fo is the area of the stencil element and the area of the stencil that comes to its single element; So and So - respectively, the area of the elements of each stencil. 22 il.

Description

The invention relates to applied art, in particular the manufacture of objects of applied art, and can be used in the technology of their manufacture.

There is a known method of forming an ornament, which consists in producing figure bricks from bricks, which are alternately arranged vertically and horizontally.

This method allows creating a pattern of a square diagonal grid and motifs similar to it and is characterized by the simplicity of the geometric shapes used to form the ornament.

The disadvantage of this method is the limited variety of ornaments, the expansion of which requires a great creative imagination. In addition, each section of the ornamental pattern requires manual labor.

There is a known method of forming an ornament, which consists in producing a lining in a rough constructed building.

blocks with the bulk of gray drywall and prominently protruding bricks, which are placed on the edge and placed at various angles.

This method allows you to speed up the decorative work and produce them in standard blocks.

The disadvantage of this method is the need for great creative imagination to obtain a variety of ornaments and also requires the use of manual labor in the formation of the ornament of each block.

A known method of making linen products is that the curing of continuous filaments is carried out by bending them into loops that are interlaced with each other.

The disadvantage of this method, which allows to form various ornamental patterns on a product, is the need for a great creative imagination when designing an artistically rich pattern.

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The closest (prototype) is a method of forming an ornament, which consists in the fact that a stencil with an orderly applied elements of various shapes is placed between the object and the source of influence.

The disadvantage of this method is the need for great creative imagination to form the original ornament.

The purpose of the invention is the expansion of the technological capabilities of the formation of original designs by obtaining complex ornamental patterns from a combination of simple,

The goal is achieved by the fact that between the source of influence and the first stencil with orderly applied elements (for example, in mutually perpendicular directions of elements nano with a certain law), the adjacent second stencil adjacent to it with ordered stencil is placed and set relative to the left in the range of the rotation angle

About "180 °

In certain directions, some elements of parallel rows of the first and second stencils are combined or almost combined. Around the combined elements, partially aligned elements with a different degree of combination form elementary ornaments. For fully aligned elements, the condition is satisfied:

nixi - P2X2 0 (gp pa; xi ha)

where u and w2 is the number of elements, respectively, on the first and second stencil in the combined section of a parallel row bounded by an integer number of elements; xt and x 2 are the distance between the centers of adjacent elements of a parallel row, respectively, of the first and second stencil.

Since the combined elements themselves are arranged in an orderly manner, then a complete ornament is formed from an orderly arranged elementary ornaments. An ornamental pattern is obtained if even this condition is somewhat violated, i.e. perhaps formirov. the design of ornamental patterns around parted elements. The most saturated ornament is obtained when the ratio of the area of the element of the stencil So to the area of the elementary

0

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0 5

0 5

0

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0 5

Node cell (i.e., to the screen stencil that is attached to a single element) FQ, and is determined by the condition:

0.20 SSo / Fo Ј 0.80

The features distinguishing the proposed solution from the prototype are not found in the known solutions, i.e. The proposed solution has significant differences. In particular, this method allows the formation of an unlimited number of various original ornaments.

The proof of the possibility of achieving a positive effect in the implementation of the invention, based on the above analysis, is the presence of significant differences.

FIG. 1 shows a drawing of a fragment of the first stencil; in FIG. 2 is a drawing of a fragment of the second stencil to be combined with the first under certain conditions. The diameters of the element of the first and second stencils are different and equal, respectively, 10 and 8 mm. FIG. 3 - photograph of the resulting ornament at a 0; in fig. 4 - the same at 5 °; FIG. 5, too, with FIG. 6 is a photograph of the resulting ornament obtained as a result of the establishment of two identical stencils of FIG. 2 at a 10 °; in fig. 7 is a drawing of a fragment of the first stencil, the elements of which are arranged in a checkerboard pattern; in fig. 8 is a photograph of the resulting ornament obtained by combining at a 5 ° of two identical stencils shown in FIG. 7; in fig. 9 is the same as in FIG. 8, but at a 10 °; in fig. 10 is the same as in FIG. 8, but at a 60 °; in fig. 11 shows a fragment of a stencil, whose elements in the form of squares are arranged in a checkerboard pattern; in fig. 12, 13. 14 - photographs of the resulting ornaments obtained by combining, respectively. and 45 ° of two identical stencils shown in FIG. eleven; in fig. 15, 16, 17 - photographs of other examples of resulting ornaments.

In the case of a square arrangement of elements of a round shape, the SO / FO dependence on the area of the element is shown in FIG. 18, (curves 1-5), where the dependency parameter is the area of the elementary cell FO (1 - 36 mm2; 2-100 mm2; 3 - 144 mm2; 4 - 400 mm2; 5 - 900 mm2). By elemental cell area is meant the area of a quadrilateral formed by connecting the centers of four nearby elements (as shown

in fig. 20, 21). FIG. 19 shows the dependence of the ratio So / Fo on Fo {curves 1, 2) for various values of the area of the elements So (1 - 28 mm2, 2-79 mm2}, and curves 3-5 describe the dependence of So on FO with different values of So / Fo (3 - 1; 4 - 0.4; 5 - 0.2). FIG. 22 shows the dependence of So / Fo on So in the case of the arrangement of round elements in a checkerboard pattern at a constant value of Fo (1 - 12 mm2; 2 - 34.5 mm2; 3-64 mm2; 4-108 mm2; 5-195 mm2; 6 - 300 mm2).

The method of forming the ornament on; The object is realized as follows. A stencil is made, the size, the material and the configuration of which is determined by the formation requirements of a particular ornament. For example, when making an ornamented panel, the size of the stencil can reach hundreds of square meters, and in other cases several square centimeters. A stencil material can be, for example, an opaque material, the elements to which are applied by perforation, dyeing, thermal exposure, etc., a transparent material with less transparent or non-transparent elements applied to it; in particular, the material can be metal, paper, cardboard, plastic, glass, film (photo) film, etc. The optimal configuration of the stencil, from the point of view of the most rational use of its area, is a circle or part of a circle in the form rings of a certain width, but this does not exclude other configurations, for example, rectangular or their combinations.

After choosing the material, size and configuration of the stencil, the ordering is applied to the N elements, forming parallel rows. The S / N Fo ratio (where S is the stencil area) determines the area of the unit cell. The configuration of the elements can be very diverse. Among the various shapes, simple geometric shapes, such as a circle, an ellipse, a rectangle, a square, etc., are most preferable for applying elements. Elements of each row are arranged, The distance between elements I in mutually perpendicular directions is "racket like equal and unequal. Parallel rows can be shifted relative to each other in phase with the arrangement of elements, for example, in a checkerboard pattern.

The second stencil is made either identical to the first stencil or with elements having different sizes, distance and configuration. However the best

an ornamental effect is obtained when the areas of the elements of the first (So) and the second (So) stencil have the same values (or almost the same values), or at least their ratio is in the interval;

1 SSo1 / Sq Ј4

The second stencil is placed on the first point of possibility without gaps between their planes. Further, to obtain an unlimited number of original patterns, the second stencil is rotatedly moved relative to the first one in the range of the angle of rotation

0 °

It should be noted that the ornamental effect is obtained at any value of a, but a clear elementary pattern is formed at those values of the angle of rotation a for which some elements of parallel rows of stencils are combined. those. For them, the condition of combining:

ux1 p2x2

Around these elements, partially combined elements with a different degree of combination create an ornamental effect,

In the particular case when stencils are not identical, i.e. if yy, xi x2, then an ornament is formed even if a is 0. In the case of identical stencils, if a 0, the ornament is not formed, because in this case all elements are combined and there are no partially aligned elements necessary to form the ornament.

As well-known technical means required for the implementation of the method, i.e. as a source of influence on the corresponding object, for example, a source of radiation (cinema (photo) projection equipment), natural (artificial) illumination of an object, thermal effects can be used; a tool that processes the surface of the material (cutter, feather, jet of particles, small brush); plastic materials directly forming the resulting ornament (clay, gypsum, cement mortar).

To form a colored ornament, for example, the elements of both stencils should be colored and the stencils themselves transparent; or perforating the stencils

multi-colored, for example, for the first one with one color, and for the second with another. The imposition of elements of different colors on each other increases the variety of colors and its shades. The presence of shades in the case of the formation of both color and black-and-white ornaments is an additional and very effective feature of the proposed method (Figs. 15, 16, 17).

PRI me R 1. In FIG. t presents a fragment of the first stencil, made with ink on tracing paper. in the form of a circle with a diameter of 140 mm. Each element is also made in the form of a circle with a diameter of 10. mm and arranged in square order. By specifying the distance between the centers of neighboring elements x 12 mm and the distance between the elements I 2 mm, one can determine such basic stencil parameters as the area of an elementary cell FO 144 mm2, the area of the element So 78.5 mm2; So / Fo ratio of 0.55.

FIG. 18 on curve 3, a cross is indicated by the parameters of the given stencil.

FIG. 2 shows a fragment of the second stencil, made with ink on tracing paper in the form of a circle of the same diameter (140 mm) with a similar arrangement of elements with a diameter of 8 mm. The difference between the second stencil and the first one is that the distance between the centers of the elements is 10 mm, i.e. it decreased by 2 mm. The main parameters of the second stencil are calculated in the same way:

- area of an elementary cell fo 100 mm,

ty

-So element area 50.3 mm,

-So / Fo ratio of 0.5.

FIG. 18 on curve 2, the cross marks of this stencil are marked.

If now both stencils are applied to each other in such a way that a 0, then elementary ornaments will be formed around those elements for which the matching condition is fulfilled:

P1X1 P2X2 (P1 7 P2. XI X2)

In the considered case, ni 5, xi 12 mm,

P2 6, X2 YMM.

FIG. 4 and 5 show ornaments obtained in a similar way at values of a 5 ° and 45 °, respectively.

If two identical stencils are applied to each other in such a way that a 0, then the ornament will not be formed, since all stencil elements are fully combined according to the condition:

P1X1 P2X2 (P1 P2, X1 X2)

and there are no partially aligned elements that are necessary to form the ornament.

When one stencil is rotated relative to another at an angle, a corresponding ornament will be formed. With a change, the content of the ornament changes. As an example in FIG. 6 shows an ornament obtained by combining two identical stencils shown in FIG. 2 at “10 °.

PRI mme R 2. In FIG. 7 shows a fragment of the stencil, made with ink

on tracing paper in the form of a circle with a diameter of 140 mm. Each element has the shape of a circle with a diameter of 8 mm and is arranged in a checkerboard pattern. The distance between the centers of the elements in the horizontal direction is 10 mm,

and in the vertical - 20 mm. The stencil has the following parameters: the area of the elementary cell Fo 100 mm2; area of element So is 50.3 mm2; So / Fo ratio 0.5. FIG. 22 of curve 4, the cross marks the parameters of this stencil.

If you make a second stencil and attach it to the first one, then depending on the angle of rotation and the formation of original elementary ornaments

around the combined elements with markedly different content (Fig. 8, 9, 10).

Example A stencil fragment having a diameter of 140 mm is shown in FIG. 11. Unlike previous examples.

Each stencil element is not in the shape of a circle, but in the shape of a square with a length of I 8 mm.

The main parameters of this stencil are as follows: the area of the elementary cell

FO 256 mm; area of element So 64 mm2; So / Fo ratio 0.25.

If you make a second stencil and attach it to the first one, then, depending on the angle of rotation “around the combined

elements form elementary ornaments, typical examples of which are shown in fig. 12, 13.14.

Example 4. FIG. 15.16,17 photographs of ornaments consisting of

numerous elementary ornaments, obtained at various values (respectively 5 °, 12 °, 40 °) with the use of a perforated industrial mesh stencil having

the following basic parameters: the area of an elementary cell FO 12 mm2; the area of the element So I3,14 mm2; So / Fo ratio of 0.26. FIG. 22 on curve 1, the cross marks the parameters of this stencil.

The technical advantage of the proposed method with respect to the prototype is the possibility of forming a large variety of artistic ornaments by mechanical means, fae requiring creative imagination.

The expected effect that can be obtained as a result of using the proposed method in comparison with the prototype is the possibility of expanding the field of application of the artistic ornament, reducing the time for its creation. . ,,,

Formula and Invention

A method of forming an ornament on an object, which consists in that between the object and the source of influence, which serves to apply the ornament, a stencil is placed with the arrangement

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elements forming parallel rows, characterized in that, in order to expand technological capabilities, an additional stencil is laid on the stencil with orderly arranged elements forming parallel rows with its rotation at an angle in the range of 180 °, while the stencil parameters choose from ratios

0.2 "S So / Fo 0.9; 1 So / So 2,

where So and Fo are, respectively, the area of the stencil element and the area of the stencil, arriving at its elementary cell;

So and So - respectively, the area of the elements of each stencil.

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Claims (1)

Formulas Aie Gaining A method of forming an ornament on an object, which consists in the fact that between the object and the sources of influence, which serves to apply the ornament, a stencil is placed with ordered elements arranged in parallel rows, so that In order to expand technological capabilities, an additional stencil is placed on the stencil with ordered elements arranged in parallel rows, turning it at an angle in the range 0 ° <a <180 °, while the parameters of the stencils are selected from the relations 0.2 ^ So / FoS0.9: 1 <So / So <2, where So and Fo are, respectively, the area of the stencil element and the stencil area per its unit cell; So and So are respectively the area of the elements of each stencil.