SU1753107A1 - Transmission - Google Patents

Abstract

Use: mechanical engineering, drives of various machines and mechanisms. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION: The transfer comprises a housing and two transmission elements arranged therein mounted with a gap between the working surfaces. On the working surfaces of the transmitting elements cylindrical electrodes are sequentially arranged. 8, an electrorheological fluid is placed. The control unit, made in the form of electrical switches, connects the corresponding electrodes to a voltage source. An electric field arises in the gap between the electrodes, under the action of which the electrorheological fluid changes its viscosity (solidifies). 9 hp f-ly, 12 ill.

Description

The invention relates to gears and mechanisms using electrorheological fluids.

Known variator with bevel wheels.

The disadvantage of it is the absence of the possibility of a purely electric control of the gear ratio.

The transmission with electrorheological fluid is known.

Its disadvantage is the absence of the possibility of a wide variation of the gear ratio and speeds by purely electric control. This reduces the operational capabilities of the transmission,

The purpose of the invention is to enhance the operational capabilities of the transmission.

Figure 1 shows the transmission (transmission), a longitudinal section (the first option); 2 is an equivalent electrical power supply circuit of the transmission electrodes; on fig.Z - functional diagram

control of keys connected to the electrodes of the gearbox; 4 shows two gearboxes connected in succession; Fig. 5 is a functional diagram of the control of keys connected to the electrodes of two gear boxes connected in series; figure 6 - conditional scheme of the transmission (in transverse projection); Fig. 7 shows a gearbox in longitudinal section (second embodiment); Fig. 8 is an equivalent electrical circuit for supplying the electrodes of the gearbox according to the second embodiment; Fig. 9 shows the gearbox in longitudinal section (third embodiment); N-U-equivalent electrical power supply circuit of the electrodes of the gearbox, made according to the third variant; in fig. 11 is a functional diagram of the control of keys connected to the electrodes of the gearbox, made according to the third variant; in fig. 12 - gearbox in longitudinal section (fourth variant).

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The transmission is essentially a gearbox and contains cone-shaped transmitting elements 1 and 2, made in the form of hollow stepped cones, as well as shafts 3 and 4 connected to cones-elements 1 and 2. Shafts 3, 4 and cones-elements 1, 2 rotatably mounted, i.e. on bearings.

Inside the cone-shaped elements 1 and 2 there are fixed cone-shaped protrusions 5 and 6, which are connected to the fixed body 7. In FIGS. 1-12, the fixed parts of the gearbox, i.e. housing 7 and treads 5, 6 are shaded by slanting lines, and rotating parts, i.e. Elements 1, 2 and shafts 3,4, not painted over.

Electrodes 8 are mounted on stationary parts (for example, protrusion 5) of the gearbox. Electrodes 9 can also be mounted on protrusion 6. Electrons 10 and 11 are connected to the cone-element 1, respectively, connected by current-carrying bridges 12, and on the cone-element 2, electrodes 13 and 14 are mounted, interconnected by bridges

15, which can also conduct current. All electrodes 8, 9, 10, 11, 13, 14 can be annular, i.e. in the form of rings on the respective surfaces of the projections 5, 6 and cones-elements 1,2. The ring electrodes 10, 13 of the elements 1, 2 are arranged sequentially opposite one another. Correspondingly, actuating electrodes 8 and 11 are located, as well as additional electrodes 9 and 14. Electrodes 8, 11 and 9, 14 can be in contact with one another.

Electrorheological fluid 16 is placed between cones-elements 1 and 2, as well as in the gap between their annular electrodes 10 and 13. Electrorheological fluid 16 (or electrorheological suspension) is a fluid that can change its viscosity and density under the action of an electric field. Between the electrodes 8, 11 and 9,14 (i.e., between elements 1,2 and protrusions 5,6) there is no electrorheological fluid 16, these places can be sealed with special bearings.

Ring electrodes 10, 13, going into the gap with the electrorheological fluid

16, electrically (via intermediate electrodes 8, 11, 9, 14) are connected to the outputs of the respective on-off relays or switches 17i-17 (Fig. 2.3), which can be powered from a voltage or current source 18. In FIG. 2, for example, the connection circuit to the key 17i of one pair of working annular electrodes 10,13 is given. Rest

pairs of electrodes 10, 13 are connected to the outputs of the corresponding keys 17g-17 in the same way.

In the output circuit of the on-off

key 17i can be set and a small resistor 19 (figure 2). The inputs of the on-off relay keys 171-17 (Fig. 3) or their windings are connected to the corresponding outputs of the switching (or distribution)

0 of the device 20, which controls the switching 17-1-17. The device 20 may be made in the form of a simple distributor or switch of FIG. 3).

The gearbox works as follows

5 way.

If all keys 171-17 (or relays) are disconnected from power supply 18 (FIG. 2) and their contacts are in the right position (for example, FIG. 2), then on electrodes 10 and 13

0 no voltage. From this, there is no electric field in the gap between the cones-elements 1 and 2 (Fig. 1) and these cones-elements 1, 2 are in fact not linked. The rotation from the shaft 3 to the shaft 4 is practically not transmitted. If a

5, it is required to transfer rotation from shaft 3 to shaft 4 with a certain gear ratio, then the corresponding one of the keys 171-17 is switched by means of the switching device 10 (FIG. 3). The

The 0 key (e.g., key 17i, Fig. 2) switches its contact to the left (of Fig. 2) position, from which electrodes 10 and 13 of this group (corresponding to key 17i) are connected to power supply 18. The connection of the electrodes 10 and 13 to the power source 18 is carried out by means of additional (intermediate) electrodes 8, 11 and 9, 14 (FIG. 2), which in essence can play the role of contact brushes and plates.

0 If the electrodes 8.11 and 9.14 (figure 2.1) are in contact, they make the usual brush contact (for supplying electricity to the electrodes 10.13), and if the ring electrodes are 8.11 and 9.14 (figure 2 , 1) are located 5 opposite each other without direct contact (but very closely, with minimal gaps between the electrodes), then electric charges to the working electrodes 10, 13 are transmitted by electrostatic induction, similarly as in capacitors. In any case, as a result of this switching on the key 17i (FIG. 2), a difference occurs between the working electrodes 10 and 13 of this group.

5 potentials, which causes an electric field to appear in the gap between the energized electrodes 10 and 13. From the occurrence of the electric field (at this place), the electrorheological fluid 16 between the energized ring electrodes 10, 13 (Fig. 2, 1) increases its viscosity, hardens (Fig. 1.6) and the cone of the element 1 engages with the cone of the element 2 data, powered electrodes 10, 13, the gear ratio in this clutch is determined by the ratio of the diameters of the cones-elements 1, 2 (Fig. 1) of the data fed electrodes 10, 13. Rotation from the shaft 3 is transmitted to the shaft 4 with the specified (defined) gear ratio.

If it is necessary to change the gear ratio of the box (Fig. 1-3), then the switching device 20 (Fig. 3) must be switched by another of the keys 17i-17, which in turn will connect the power (voltage) to the electrodes 10, 13 of another group (corresponding to this key). From this, the electric field will increase the viscosity of the liquid 16 and interlock the cones-elements 1 and 2 in the data (powered) electrodes 10, 13, where the diameters of the cones-elements 1, 2 are already different (figure 1). The ratio of the diameters of the cones-elements 1, 2 of the new powered electrodes 10,13 and determines the new gear ratio of the box (figure 1).

Based on this, it is easy to conclude that by switching the keys 171-17 using the device 20 (Fig. 3) one by one, the gear ratio of the box (Fig. 1) can be electrically changed. The number of gear ratio values (exchanged by a purely electric path) is equal to the number of keys 171-17 (FIG. 1) or, respectively, the number of, for example, rings-electrodes 10 arranged in series on the cone of element 1.

Electric replacement of gear ratio values is one of the main positive qualities of a gearbox. It should be noted here that the implementation of coupling by means of electricity from a variety of different electrode rings 10, 13 and electrorheological fluid 16 makes it possible to achieve great speed of changing gears and reducing the dimensions of the box itself (Fig. 1). The gearbox (Figure 1) is quite compact and fairly simple.

The electric shift control allows the use of the control device 20 and computers. This further expands the capabilities of this control box.

Expanding the operational capabilities of the device can be achieved through the sequential (or cascade) connection of several boxes. So (figure 4) as an example, shown boxes 21 and 22 of the gear that are connected in series and installed

on the platform 23. When connected in series, the output shaft of the box 21 is connected via a coupling to the input shaft of the box 22. With this cascade connection of the boxes 21 and 22, their control system may contain control (or switching) device 20 (FIG. 5), to the outputs of which keys 17f-17 and 241-24 are connected. The keys 171-17, similar to the keys 17g 17 in Fig. 3, are connected to the electrodes of the box 21 (according to schemes similar to Fig. 2), and the keys 241-24 (Fig. 5) are connected to the electrodes of the box 22. During operation, the control device 20 (FIG. 5) commutes, i.e. connects to the power source each time two keys simultaneously, i.e. one key from the key group 17H7 and one key from the key group 24i-24. From this, the corresponding gear ratios are electrically set in boxes 21 and 22 and the entire cascade of boxes 21, 22 (FIG. 4) transmits rotation with a common gear ratio depending on the specified gear ratios of boxes 21 and 22. Switches 171-17 and 241-24 in various combinations (two keys at a time), a very large number of total gear ratio values can be obtained. So, if in each of the boxes 21, 22 (FIG. 4) there are ten working ring electrodes controlled by ten corresponding keys on the corresponding cone-element, then in the system two boxes 21, 22 are cascade-connected (FIG. 4 ), controlled by a total of twenty keys 17i-17 and 24i-24 (Fig.5), it is possible to obtain at least one hundred different values of the total gear ratio. At the same time, the whole hundred values of the total gear ratio are changed purely electrically using the control device 20 (Fig. 5) or a computer.

The next variant of the device proposed is the variant of FIG. 7, which differs from the variant of the gearbox of FIG. 1 only by the fact that the working ring electrodes 13 on the cone-element 2 are merged, connected to each other into one large electrode 13 (for example, a stepped ring type), which is located opposite all sequentially installed annular electrodes 10 (Fig.7). The power supply circuit for the electrodes 10 and 13 of the box (Fig. 7), which is given in Fig. 8, is essentially similar to the previously described circuit of Fig. 2. The large (stepped) electrode 13 of element 2 (Fig. 7, 8) can be connected via intermediate or contact electrodes 9, 14 to the circuits of all keys 17i-17 (Fig. 3) that control the operation of the box (Fig. 7). . In general, the variant of FIG. 7 is simpler than the variant of

Fig. 1, since in order to supply electricity to one (but large) electrode 13 of a rotating cone element 2, only one pair of contact electrodes 9, 14 is required (Fig. 7p). The variant of FIGS. 7 and 8 works similarly to the variant of FIG. 1-3. All the same scheme of FIG. 3 can be used to control the variant of FIGS. 7 and 8.

Having examined the simpler options, it can be noted that more complex (multi-stage) gearbox options are also possible. One of these options is shown in Fig.9. This variant (Fig. 9) is constructed on the basis of the variant of Fig. 7, but represents a more complex (multi-stage) transmission with an increased number of gear ratios that can be changed by purely electric means. It can be seen from Fig. 9 that, in addition to the previously described cones-elets 1 and 2 with associated components and electrodes, in this variant of the gearbox, a conical transmission element 24 and a shaft 25 are also installed. Shaft 25 is connected to a conical transmission element 24 (both can rotate), and the tapered transmitting element 24 (like element 1) is hollow. Inside the cone-element 24 there is a fixed cone-shaped protrusion 26 on which contact electrodes 27 are installed. Opposite electrodes 27 on the cone-element 24 are installed contact electrodes 28 that can contact the electrodes 27, and annular electrodes 29 are located on the outer surface of the cone-element 24 which are operative and are connected to the corresponding contact electrodes 28 by conductor jumpers 30. The cone-element 24 (Fig. 9) with the accompanying parts and electrodes is almost similar to the cone-element 1, having similar parts and electrodes. The shafts 3,4, 25 can be made long (through), they can be supported on the bearings of the housing 7. Additionally the rotating cone-shaped elements 1, 2, 24 connected to the shafts can also (additionally) rest on the rotating seals 31, the role of which sealed bearings. The fixed parts of the box (case 7 and protrusions 5, 6, 26) are painted over with oblique lines, the rotating parts (shafts 3, 4, 25 and cones-elements 1, 2, 24) are conventionally not painted over.

When the box of FIG. 9 is executed, the electrorheological fluid 16 is in the gaps between the electrodes 10 and 13, as well as between the electrodes 13 and 29.

The control and power supply system of the box (Fig. 9) is in many respects similar to the described control and power supply systems of the previous variants. So, the working electrodes 10, 13 and 13,29 can be powered according to the scheme (Fig. 10, where it can be seen that the electrodes of the box are connected to two-position relays or keys 32 and 33, which are powered from a source

0 34 constant or alternating voltage. With the specified control windings, the relay keys 33 and 32, which are the inputs of these keys, are connected (FIG. 11) to the corresponding outputs of the control device 35, which can be performed similarly to the control (or switching) device of FIG. 5. Control device 35 can switch keys 32 and 33 (FIG. 11) in various combinations of

0 two keys at the same time (one - from group of keys 32 and one - from group of keys 33). FIG. 10, all relay keys 32 and 33 are shown in the position of disconnecting their contacts from source 34 (i.e., in the initial position).

5 Accordingly, when switching on (or switching) by device 35 (Fig. 11) of two keys

32 and 33, these relay keys change the positions of their contacts, i.e. the key 32 contact goes to the right (Fig. 10), and the key 33

0 contact goes to the left (fig.Y.), as a result, the specified (switched) keys 32 and

33 connect the corresponding electrbds 10 and 29 to the pole of the source 34, opposite to the pole of the source 34 connected to the common electrode 13, and a potential difference arises between these working electrodes (10,29,13); which gives the adhesion between the elements 1, 2. 24 (Fig. 9) at the locations of the powered electrodes. The rotation from shaft 3 through element 2 (on shaft 4) is transmitted to element 24 mounted on output shaft 25. The transmission ratio in such a transmission is determined by the ratios of the diameters of cones-elements 1.2, 24 at the rings of powered electrodes 10, 13, 29. The key combination 32, 33 (two by two), you can change the gear ratio values accordingly. As an example, you can specify that with five

0 keys 32 (FIG. 11) and five keys 33, which corresponds, naturally, to five electrodes 10 (FIG. 9) and five electrodes 29, in the gearbox (FIG. 9) it is possible to get at least 25 different transmission values relationship neither. Accordingly, if we take a box (Fig. 9) with ten electrodes 10 and ten electrodes 29, then at least 100 different values of the gear ratio can be obtained. In general, the box of FIG. 9 is close in its functionality to the cascade connection of the boxes 21 and 22 (FIG. A 5).

In the gearbox (Fig. 12), the coupling of the cones-elements 1 and 2 is internal, for which the cone of the element 2 is placed inside the cone of the element 1. Proceeding from this (Fig. 12), the cone-element 1 is placed in the cone-shaped opening (or boring) of the housing 7, on the walls of which contact electrodes 8 are in contact with the electrodes 11 of the element 2. Between the electrodes 10 of the element 1 and the common electrode 13 of the element 2 there is an electrorheological fluid 16. The power and control circuits of the variant (Fig. 12) can be used as before (Fig. 8 and 3). During operation, by changing the position of the keys 17i-17 (Fig. 3), it is possible to power certain of the electrodes 10 (Fig. 12), from which the gear ratio changes in the internal coupling of the element 1 and element 2. Thus, in this embodiment (Fig. 12), as in all the previous ones, the gear ratio of the transmission changes electrically, i.e. using a simple re-switching of the relay keys using an electrical control device or a computer.

Claims (10)

Invention Formula 1. The transmission, comprising a housing, rotatably accommodated therein, at least two transmitting elements, installed with a gap between the working surfaces, an electrorheological fluid placed in the clearance, mounted on the working surfaces of the transmitting elements electrodes, characterized in that, in order to expand the operational capabilities, the transmitting elements are made conical, the electrodes are made in the form of rings and at least on one transmitting element installed sequentially us, and the control unit is configured in the form of electric keys associated with respective Electrode. 2. Transmission according to claim 1, characterized in that it is provided with at least one first additional electrode mounted on the free surface of the transmitting element and connected to the corresponding annular electrode of the latter, and at least one second additional electrode fixedly fixed on the case opposite the first additional electrode, at least one of the additional electrodes is made in the form of a ring, and at least one of the main ring electrodes is connected to the corresponding key h Through the appropriate pair of additional electrodes. 3. Transfer to PP. 1 and 2, characterized in that at least one cone-shaped protrusion is made on the body, and at least one transmission element is made with a cone-shaped bore and mounted coaxially with a cone-shaped protrusion. 4. Transmission according to claims 1–3, that is, with one of the transmitting elements - internal engagement, a cone-shaped hole is made in the housing, the outer surface of the conical conveying element of the internal engagement is made cone-shaped, and the latter is placed coaxially in the cone-shaped hole. 5. Transmission according to claims 1-4, characterized in that all the additional electrodes are annular. 6. The transmission according to claims 1-5, characterized in that the additional annular electrodes located opposite each other are installed with a radial ejection, 7. Transmission according to claims 1-5, characterized in that the additional annular electrodes located opposite each other are mounted with the possibility contact. 8. The transfer of PP, 1-7, characterized in that the main annular electrodes on the working surface of one of the transmitting elements are connected between by myself. - 9. Transmission on PP, 1-8, characterized in that it is equipped with at least one additional cone-shaped transmitting element of external gearing, made similar to one of the main transmitting elements and interacting with at least one of the main transmitting elements, and An electrorheological fluid is placed along the working surface of the additional transmission element. 10. Transfer according to claims 1-9, characterized in that the surface is at least At least one ring electrode is cylindrical. 4 / Vxl 2 / U /AND I SAG j1: -Hh 12 rrff Here 15 U 13 No 1 / J FIG. g 22 21 23 J- FIG 4 1 20 ttt  Yu% Fig.Z 20 FIG. five 18  i i; 15. eight 11 10 1B 13 m (Reg. 6 1 J .X. shshshsh Schi 9 I FIG P 13 ft 8 ten ft