SU1746001A1 - Exhaust gas catalytic converter for internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Abstract

Usage: mechanical engineering, namely, devices that reduce the emission of harmful substances from the exhaust gases of internal combustion engines, in particular diesel diesel engines. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION: The neutralizer comprises a housing with a reactor containing two honeycomb catalysts and an overflow channel communicated by an inlet through an inlet member connected to the control unit, with an engine intake manifold, and an outlet with an outlet port. At the exit of the bypass channel, an outlet is connected to the control unit. The catalysts are installed in the reactor in series, cavities are formed between them, and the bypass channel is formed by the inner surface of the neutralizer body and the outer side surface of the reactor, in which the bypass windows are made with the possibility of communicating the bypass channel with the cavity. 1 il. “

Description

The invention relates to mechanical engineering, in particular, to devices that reduce the emission of harmful substances from the exhaust gases of internal combustion engines, namely diesel diesel engines.

A device for regulating the temperature in the reactor of a neutralizer in which the reactor is surrounded by a cylinder is known, as a result, a channel for the passage of outside air is formed between the reactor and the cylinder. Air is introduced into the channel when the catalyst is overheated.

A catalytic converter for an internal combustion engine is known, in which there is a channel formed by the neutralizer body and the outer body of the catalytic cassette. In the channel is the mixing of exhaust gases and gases of a fiery burner.

A catalyst with a cellular catalyst is known, in the reactor of which there are two blocks and between them there is free space, and the density of the channels in the blocks is different.

The closest in technical essence to the proposed neutralizer is a diesel particulate filter, which contains a bypass channel and a block for trapping soot and is equipped with a throttle valve at the inlet to the filter for controlling the exhaust gas flow through the control unit. The coil is heated by burning off the soot accumulated on the filter.

“The disadvantage of this construction is that the filter provides for the emission of untreated exhaust gases, as well as additional heating of the block for burning out soot. Creating a parallel system2

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In order to regenerate one of the filters, we are an additional increase in the filter power, but it does not increase the efficiency of exhaust gas cleaning. The filter element provides for the purification of exhaust gases only from soot, without the burning of other harmful substances.

The purpose of the invention is to improve the reliability of the converter and protect the engine from damage.

The use of a neutralizer makes it possible to create a compact exhaust gas neutralization system that can be placed under the hood of the vehicle. The system does not require additional heating, and its operation is carried out independently of the driver of the vehicle, automatically, i.e. simplified operation of the neutralizer. The system does not require dismantling for regeneration and allows the long-time operation of the neutralizer to be maintained. The exhaust by-pass channel allows the neutralization system to operate in the mode of the greatest benefit from the counterpressure created in the engine path by the neutralizer. Engine operation with minimum back pressure allows it to maintain its performance for a long time. The elimination of engine operation with a large back pressure allows the engine to be protected from destruction.

The goal is achieved in that a neutral channel provides for a exhaust duct for exhaust gas flow, a catalyst for the mine, and for self-regeneration of catalyst units it is provided for heating them with exhaust gases that are fed to the channel formed by the side surface of the reactor and the neutralizer body (bypass channel). There are holes in the reactor wall located around the perimeter of the space between the blocks for passage of exhaust gases from or into the bypass channel, one mine or several blocks installed in the reactor. In addition, the bypass at the beginning and at the end has bypass valves for bypass gases at a time when the back pressure in the exhaust path rises above the permissible level.

 The bypass valves are controlled through a control unit, to which a signal is sent on the amount of back pressure in the exhaust path. The bypass channel serves as a bypass for gases in case of complete clogging of the channels with soot, as well as during the heating of the blocks from the outside to accelerate their heating and self-ignition of soot in the blocks.

To ensure the passage of exhaust gases between the blocks in the overflow

channel or from the bypass channel to the unit, mine unit, located first in the flow of exhaust gases and dusty with soot, there are holes in the walls of the reactor vessel in the space between

0 blocks The presence of communicating channels with a bypass channel ensures uninterrupted operation of the neutralizer when soot and gum forming substances of one or two catalyst blocks 5 are dusty. The number of blocks in the converter can be different, but not less than two. Heating of catalyst blocks in the proposed neutralizer is carried out by exhaust gases without additional

0 of the heating device, the main unit for the flow of exhaust gases will be fired and with its full dusting the exhaust gases will go to the outside of the unit and will heat it. When the block is heated up to 300-400 ° C, soot will ignite and burn out. In this case, the channels of the block are cleaned of soot and tar-forming substances and the exhaust gases again go through the first catalytic block. Exhaust gas is bypassed through the bypass through a system of valves located at the inlet and outlet thereof. Valves are controlled through

5 control unit for the magnitude of the counter-pressure in the neutralizer. With an increase in the amount of carbon black and resin-forming substances in the channels of the converter block, the backpressure value will also increase. With

Attaining a certain critical value through the control unit, a command is issued to open the inlet valve for the passage of gases through the channel of the bypass gases to the second unit (through the flow of gases), the channels of which are more free from soot and resin-forming substances.

With an increase in the backpressure above the regulated level, and this will occur when the channels of all blocks are dusting

0, a signal is given to open the exhaust valve. In this case, the entire system of blocks will be heated from the outside by the exhaust gases, and an emergency discharge of gases will occur.

5 The drawing is a schematic diagram of the catalytic neutralizer of exhaust gases of internal combustion engines.

The body 1 of the neutralizer contains a concentrically located reactor 2 with blocks of the honeycomb catalyst 3, the body 1 and the reactor 2 form between the side surfaces of the bypass channel 4 for the bypass of the exhaust gases. Catalyst blocks 3 are installed in the reactor 2 one in relation to the other, and form cavities 5. In the walls of the reactor 2 along the perimeter, bypass windows 6 are located, which connect the cavities 5 and the bypass channel 4. At the entrance to the bypass channel 4 the inlet valve 7, and at the outlet of the channel 4 - the exhaust valve 8. The operation of the bypass valves 7 and 8 is performed by the unit

9, to which a signal is supplied from the sensor 10 located in the exhaust manifold 11 of the engine. Gases are emitted

from the reactor of the neutralizer through the outlet 12.

The neutralizer works as follows.

The exhaust gases from the engine flow through the exhaust manifold 11 into the catalytic reactor 2. Neutralization takes place in the catalytic units 3 and the cleaned gases leave through the exhaust nozzle 12. During the operation, soot and tar-forming substances accumulate in the channels of the catalyst blocks 3. As the channels of the block become dusty, the back pressure in the engine exhaust system increases. The back pressure increase is monitored by the sensor.

10 pressure, located in the output manifold 11 of the neutralizer. With increasing back pressure to a critical value, indicating the first dustiness

In the exhaust gas flow of the block, the control block9 signals the opening of the valve 7 for the passage of exhaust gases through the bypass channel 4, the first block, the exhaust gases in the bypass channel 4, will pass through the bypass windows b into the cavity 5 between blocks and further into subsequent blocks for neutralization. When this exhaust valve 8 is closed and the exhaust gases can pass only through the overlying blocks.

When the exhaust gases pass through the second and subsequent blocks, the first block will be heated from the outside

exhaust gases and when it reaches a temperature of 300-400 ° C, it will self-regenerate due to the burning out of soot and resin-forming substances. When the block is cleared, its cross section will increase, the back pressure will drop to a regulated level and the exhaust gases will flow through the block again, and the intake valves 7 will close.

If the unit does not self-regenerate and the second exhaust gas flow unit is dusty with soot, the gases will flow through the bypass channel and will be neutralized in the third flow gas flow unit. In such a situation, heating will be performed for both units. When all blocks are dusting, the back pressure in the neutralizer will increase more significantly than when one block is dusting, and this increase will be higher than the normalized value. In this case, the control unit will signal the opening of the outlet valves 8. In this case, the exhaust gases will pass through the neutralizer only through the bypass channel 4, the catalytic reactor 2 mine. The neutralizer and the bypass channel will exit through the outlet 12. Claims of the invention an exhaust gas neutralizer for an internal combustion engine, comprising a housing with a reactor disposed therein having at least two honeycomb catalysts and an overflow channel communicated through an inlet body connected to the control unit with an engine exhaust manifold and an outlet with an outlet pipe, characterized in that, in order to increase reliability, it is provided with an exhaust body installed at the outlet of the bypass channel and connected to the control unit, the catalysts are placed in the reactor successively with the formation of a cavity between them, and the bypass channel is formed by the inner surface of the neutralizer body and the outer side surface of the reactor; The windows are capable of communicating a bypass with a cavity.

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Claims (1)

Claim Catalytic converter of the exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine. comprising a housing with a reactor located therein, having at least two cellular catalysts and a bypass channel communicated by an inlet through an inlet connected to a control unit with an exhaust manifold of the engine, and an outlet with an exhaust manifold, characterized in that, for the purpose of to improve reliability, it is equipped with an exhaust body installed at the outlet of the bypass channel and connected to the control unit, the catalysts are placed in the reactor in series with the formation of a cavity between them, and the bypass channel is formed inside friction surfaces converter housing and the outer side surface of the reactor, and in the latter bypass ports, with the overflow channel message with the cavity.