SU1741033A1 - Method for measuring physical parameters of object - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a measurement technique and can be used for contactless and contact measurement of various physical parameters of objects. The purpose of the invention is to increase the sensitivity. The method of measuring the physical parameters of an object consists in exciting oscillations in the resonator, acting on the object under study by traveling waves obtained by branching out of the resonator, and after interacting with the object under study again to feed it into the resonator, measuring the characteristics of the resonator, which determine the physical parameters of the object. 2 Il.

Description

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The invention relates to a measurement technique and can be used for contactless and contact measurement of various physical parameters of objects.

Methods are known for measuring the physical parameters of an object, consisting in the excitation of standing waves in waveguide resonators, their influence on the object and the measurement of the characteristics of these resonators.

However, such methods are characterized by low measurement accuracy due to the non-uniform distribution of the standing wave along the resonator.

There is also known a method of measurement, which consists in exposing a monitored object to unidirectional traveling waves in a ring waveguide resonator. However, this method has a limited scope and low sensitivity.

The purpose of the invention is to increase the sensitivity.

FIG. 1 shows a diagram of the interaction of waves with an object; in fig. 2 is a diagram of the device that implements the proposed method.

The method is carried out as follows.

The controlled object 1 (Fig.) Is probed separately at least one of the traveling backward waves in the resonator 2 formed by a waveguide section. The interference of the counterpropagating waves in the resonator leads to the formation of a standing wave in it. To interact with the objects, at least one of the counterpropagating waves waves are output from the waveguide resonator and reintroduced into the resonator upon completion of the interaction with the object. This can be done as follows: by removing one of the waves from the original resonator, ensuring

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interaction with the object and introduction again into this resonator upon completion of this interaction (Fig. 1, a, b); by removing both opposite waves from the original resonator, ensuring their separate interaction with the object and introducing it again into this resonator (Fig. 1, c); when interacting with the object of one of the opposing waves in the original resonator, removing another wave from this resonator and introducing it again into the resonator along the trajectory passing the area of interaction with the object (Fig. 1, d).

By using circuit elements, one can control the behavior of each of the opposing waves. In particular, it is possible to send both initially traveling waves in the resonator in one direction with their separate interaction with the object being controlled.

The described schemes of interaction of waves in a waveguide resonator with an object provide for the expansion of the field of application due to the possibility of conducting contactless (remote) measurements, increasing the sensitivity due to the possibility of repeated soundings of the object with one traveling wave and both traveling waves separately. By varying the parameters of the circuits and choosing an informative parameter, it is possible to optimize the circuit solutions taking into account the specifics of the problem being solved, the required sensitivity. In particular, the eigen (resonant) frequency of the resonator oscillations can be chosen as an informative parameter.

FIG. 2a shows a diagram of the device corresponding to the pattern of interaction of waves with the object in FIG. 1 a. Here, the controlled dielectric object 1 (including those with dielectric losses) is probed by traveling electromagnetic waves excited in a waveguide resonator 2. To provide such a sounding, triple arm circulators 3 are used that are included in the gaps along the length of the resonator 2. One of them (on the left ) is designed to output one of the waves from the resonator 2, and the other (on the right) - to input this wave back into the resonator 2 after the interaction of this wave with the object 1. The wave interacts with the object using chu 4 elements - in this case radiating (left) and receiving (right) antennas. In fact, the resonator 2 is formed here by the entire aggregate of the mentioned elements — resonator 2 on its main section, circulators 3, sections of traveling wave propagation with sensitive elements 4. To excite electromagnetic oscillations in resonator 2, an oscillator 5 is connected to it, and for measuring any oscillatory characteristic of the resonator, in particular its own (resonant) frequency, is block 6.

The device diagram corresponding to the wave interaction with the object in FIG. 1 b, is shown in FIG. 2 b. Here, the reflecting (at least partially) waves of object 1 are probed.

The circuit includes a resonator 2, containing along its length one three-arm circulator 3 with a sensitive element 4 connected to one of its shoulders - a transceiver antenna. Measurements can

to be both contactless (fig. 2 b) and contact, carried out with the use of various other sensitive elements determined by the specifics of the problem being solved, for example, a waveguide.

FIG. 2 is a diagram of the device,

corresponding to the interaction scheme in fig. 1 c. Here, object 1 is probed separately by both counter-waves in resonator 2. As shown, sounding

carried out with the use of sensitive elements 4 - two pairs of emitting and corresponding receiving antennas. Other types of sensing elements may be used in such a scheme. The direction of wave propagation is indicated by arrows. Object 1 may be a dielectric (including an imperfect dielectric). To provide separate interaction of traveling waves with

the object is two circulators 3.

Fundamentally realizable are other interaction schemes, characterized by the direction of separate probe waves of an object, complete (using circulators) or partial (using directional couplers) derivation of wave power from the original resonator, etc. The method can be implemented using different electromagnetic wave bands. , including RF and microwave ranges, as well as the optical range. Fundamentally possible to implement it with the use of acoustic waves.

Claims (1)

Invention Formula The method of measuring the physical parameters of an object, which consists in exciting oscillations in the resonator, acting on the object under study by running waves and measuring the characteristics of the resonator, which determine the physical parameters of the object, characterized in that, in order to increase the sensitivity, at least one of the traveling waves will receive 2 L X fWS g by branching out of the resonator formed by the waveguide section, and after interacting with the object under study, it is again fed to the resonator. / Fig /