SU1740749A1 - Method for diesel engine feed - Google Patents

Abstract

This invention relates to methods for feeding a diesel engine with a closed injector. The goal is to reduce toxicity and opacity. The method of feeding consists in that the injection line, through a check valve controlled by vacuum waves, formed by the discharge valve of the discharge valve during its discharge, supplies the solution in the form of a complex of metal salts, where each of the components of the complex has a certain effect on the process. soot. By reducing the engine load reduces the consumption of a solution of metal salts. The flow rate of the solution is determined depending on the flow rate of the air entering the engine, and at idle mode, the supply of a solution of metal salts is stopped. The solution of metal salts served in the form of an emulsion. 1 hp f-ly, 3 ill. cl

Description

The invention relates to engine-building, and specifically to methods of organizing low-smoke and low-toxic diesel workflow, and can be used on autotractor, diesel and stationary diesel engines operating under conditions of limited air exchange (mines, quarries, farms, greenhouses, intrashop transport) .

Methods are known for feeding an internal combustion engine (ICE), which consists in the fact that during engine operation, activating and catalytic substances (on organic and inorganic bases) are supplied to the combustion chamber (CS). In such methods, the supply of activating and catalytic substances - activators in the engine cylinder

lead by saturating the air sucked into the cylinder with activators when air is drawn through solutions of salts of catalytically active platinum or palladium, as well as an aqueous solution of barium chloride.

In the presence of activators in the mixture, the oxidative reaction is intensified with the release of heat and luminescence, proceeding without the formation of a high-temperature flame front. In this case, the maximum temperature (1500-1800 K) in the combustion zone can be maintained at this level, i.e. below the level of thermal oxidation of nitrogen, as a result of which the emission of NOX from exhaust gases (exhaust gases) is reduced. The use of a catalyst increases the completeness of combustion

-N

about xi

4b th

fuel and engine efficiency (in a range of modes up to 5-10%).

However, this method has the following disadvantages. The concentration of the activator entering the cylinder is variable at a given load mode and small, since the catalyst supply to the charge depends on the ability of the bubbling device to take out the liquid droplets that contain. is activator. Therefore, the high efficiency of the method is achieved practically only by using expensive platinum and palladium, which increases the cost of the method and reduces its efficiency — the method does not allow controlling the amount of catalyst fed to the diesel engine as a function of the operating mode.

A known method of feeding a diesel engine consists in supplying the catalytic substances in a given amount to the CS through a high-pressure main line and a fuel injector after mixing these substances with the fuel.

By feeding activating agents directly to the fuel, higher concentrations of catalyst can be achieved (on the order of 0.3-2.0% or more). In this case, the use of solutions of salts of transition and alkaline-earth metals is permissible as a catalyst. Since aqueous solutions of inorganic compounds are not soluble in diesel fuel (DT), the addition of catalytically active metals to diesel cylinders is usually carried out by first dissolving in the fuel organometallic salts, for example, cyclopentadienyl manganese (CTM). But these compounds are quite expensive and deficient, as well as toxic, so the possibilities and the range of such fuel additives are very limited. In addition, the preliminary mixing of the fuel with the catalyst does not allow regulating the concentration of the activator with a change in the operating mode of the engine.

The closest to the invention is the method of feeding a diesel engine with a closed injector, which consists in that a solution of metal salts is fed to the discharge line through a vacuum valve controlled by rarefaction waves formed during the discharge of the discharge valve. engine loads reduce the consumption of a solution of metal salts.

The method is applicable to engines, including those equipped with particulate filters, catalytic converters, and so on. The method is that with

the operation of the diesel filter exhaust gases on the filter and regenerate the filter by burning off soot in the presence of a catalyst, and the catalyst is fed into the engine cylinder through a standard fuel nozzle in the form of a mixture of it with fuel and in a given amount. The concentration of catalyst in charge varies depending on the mode of operation of the engine. Inorganic compounds of copper, lead, manganese, molybdenum, titanium in aqueous or alcoholic solutions are used as catalytic substances. The mixing of these compounds with fuel is carried out in the injection line, where the catalyst solution is fed through a non-return valve during the periods between fuel injections. The catalyst concentration in the fuel is taken to be 0.05-1% by weight, and a concentration of 0.1-0.5% is preferred.

The disadvantages of the prototype can be attributed to a high concentration of activator in the fuel, which increases its consumption, and also leads to an increase in the emission of a metal catalyst on the exhaust.

The purpose of the invention is to reduce toxicity and opacity of exhaust gases and improve the workflow of a diesel engine.

This goal is achieved in that the method of powering a diesel engine with a closed injector, consists in that a solution of metal salts is fed to the discharge line through a non-return valve controlled by rarefaction waves at its unloading course. engine loads reduce the consumption of a solution of metal salts; the solution is supplied to the injection line as a complex of metal salts; the consumption of a solution of metal salts is determined depending on on the magnitude of the flow rate of air entering the engine, and at idle mode, the supply of a solution of metal salts is stopped. In an embodiment of the method, a solution of metal salts is served in the form of an emulsion.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a system for implementing the method; in fig. 2 is a diagram of the injection pump assembly of the high pressure fuel pump; in fig. 3 is an oscillogram diagram of the change in fuel pressure of the Russian Federation at the injector nozzle as a function of the angle of rotation of the crankshaft (pR).

The diesel engine power supply system for carrying out the method comprises a regular high-pressure pump 1 connected

through the discharge valve 2 and the pipe 3 with the nozzle 4. The discharge channel of the nozzle 4 is connected through the non-return valve 5 and the pipe 6 to the tank 7, in which there is an aqueous solution of the complex (composition) of metal salts (MnCl2 4H20 + CaCl2 + CuS04-5H20). The discharge valve 2 has a discharge of juice 8 (Fig. 2) with a discharge (suction) stroke equal to Sweat. The guide shank 9 of valve 2 is located in the seat 10, which is shown to the right of the axis of the valve 2 in the closed position of the valve 2, and to the left of the axis in the open position of the start of injection or the start of the suction (discharge) stroke, in the oscillogram 11 of FIG. 3, periods of rarefaction waves 12,13, 14 are visible, during which, due to the suction stroke of valve 2, in pipeline 3, rarefaction waves are formed, which are necessary to introduce a water or alcohol solution into the fuel in pipeline 3.

The method is carried out as follows.

When the system is operating, the pressure in the pipeline 3 is changed according to the law, a characteristic view of which is shown in FIG. 3. When the supply is cut off, when in the pipe line 3 due to the suction run horc (Fig. 2) of the discharge valve 2, periods of rarefaction waves 12, 13 and 14 are formed, the non-return valve 5 opens and the activator is a solution of the complex of metal salts from tank 7 to Channel 6 enters the pipeline 3 or directly into the injector 4. As a result, the periods of rarefaction waves 12, 13 and 14 (vapor bubbles) formed in the fuel are filled with an activator solution, which forms an emulsion with the fuel, which during the next pumping cycle 1 arrives into the engine cylinder. In this mode, the amount of the supplied solution is set by a preselected volume of discharge valve 8 of the discharge valve 2, spring force of the non-return valve 5, and fluid pressure from the side of tank 7. In addition, a throttling device is inserted into the supply line of the activating connection from tank 7 (not shown), which allows you to adjust the required percentage of the supply of a solution of metal salts with respect to diesel fuel.

As an activating substance, an aqueous or alcoholic solution of a composition of metal salts is supplied to the engine, for example, of the following composition: MnCl2 4H20 (in the amount of a in the mixture, where a 0.1-0.3), CaCl2 (in the amount of 0.3-0 , 6) and CuS04 i5H20 else. At the same time, MnCte 4H2U acts as an inhibitor and catalyst, CaCl2 functions as a dispersant, and CECSm-5H20 functions as a promoter.

In the initial phase of combustion, the process of dehydrogenation of hydrocarbon fuel molecules occurs, the intensity of which largely determines the rate of formation of primary soot formations. To slow down (inhibit) the dehydrogenation process, metal ions of one of the compounds included in the composition (for example, MnCte 4H20) are used.

In the phase of active combustion, characterized by mass soot formation and coagulation of soot particles, a decrease in the soot yield from the exhaust gas is possible due to counteracting the coagulation and disaggregation (dispersion) of the soot particles formed, i.e. by increasing their active surface, which allows dozhech soot particles in the final phase of combustion by the time the engine exhaust valve opens. As an active dispersant for soot particles, it is proposed to use alkaline earth metal cations, for example calcium, which is a part of another compound (CaCte) of the proposed composition.

The efficiency of afterburning of sugar particles in the engine cylinder is significantly increased in the presence of a catalyst. Oxides of some metals (for example, Mn) have a high catalytic activity. In order not to complicate the composition of the composition, it is proposed to use the metal of the first component (inhibitor) for this purpose, which operates according to the following scheme. The metal contained in this compound enters the atomic state at low temperatures (pre-flame working process phase) prior to the dissociation of hydrocarbon fuel molecules, while exerting an inhibitory effect on dehydrogenation processes. In the stage of active combustion of fuel at high temperatures, metal oxidation occurs, and the oxides formed during this process catalyze the burning process (oxidation reaction) of soot.

The presence of the third component in the composition is due to the need to increase the efficiency (promotion) of the first two components. Variable valence metal cations (e.g., copper) are used as promoters.

The invention is illustrated by the following example of the preparation of a complex of metal salts (see table).

The total content of chemically active compounds in the fuel in terms of

the metal content is chosen in the range of 0.02-0.08, and preferably 0.04-0.06 wt.%. With a decrease in the load, and therefore, with an increase in the coefficient of air excess a from the nominal "Nom to current", the concentration of metals in the mixture in the current mode should decrease (due to the promoting effect of free oxygen).

The significance of the ratio of the contents of the components of substances in the mixture was confirmed experimentally and is explained as follows. When the content in the mixture is less than 0.1% MnCte. 4HaO, the hydrogenation of hydrocarbons sharply increases, and therefore the formation of carbon black. At the same time, the low content of this salt does not allow to obtain a sufficient amount of manganese oxides, which provide catalytic acceleration of the soot afterburning. An increase in the inhibitor fraction above 0.3, and consequently, a reduction in the proportions of dispersants and promoters reduces the suppression effect.

Claims (2)

1. The method of powering a diesel engine with a closed injector, consisting in that the discharge line through a check valve, controlled by the vacuum waves, formed by the discharge discharge of the discharge valve at its discharge, serves a solution of metal salts, and while reducing engine load, reduce the consumption of metal salt solution, characterized in that, in order to reduce toxicity and opacity, the solution in the form of a complex of metal salts is supplied to the injection line, depending on the magnitude of the flow rate of air entering the engine, and idle stop the supply of a solution of metal salts. 2. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the solution of the metal salts is supplied as an emulsion. N WITH AND / four FIG. one BUT 07С FIG. 2 figs