SU1736538A1 - Apparatus for extracting main product from plant raw material - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a solid-liquid extraction technique and can be used to extract useful substances from various types of vegetable, mainly dried, herbal and floral raw materials in the pharmaceutical, perfume and food industries. The purpose of the invention is to increase the productivity of the apparatus. In the extractor, which includes a vertical cylindrical body with a flat bottom, rollers, scrapers for moving and mixing the solid phase, their drive is new, that the rollers are hollow, in the end walls there are hatches for loading the ballast weight, the vertical surface of the housing is perforated at the height of the liquid level and is surrounded by an additional shell, which provides for the extraction and removal of the extract, in the flat bottom there is an opening with a slit for removing the solid phase, 3 sludge. cl

Description

The invention relates to a solid-liquid extraction technique and can be used to extract useful substances from various types of plant, mainly dried, herbal and floral raw materials in the pharmaceutical, perfumery and food industries.

A spring-blade extractor is known, consisting of a body, spring blades, a device for loading and unloading a solid phase, and nozzles for inlet and outlet of a liquid. The raw material in the extractor is driven by rotating blades, which simultaneously produce a slight squeezing of the material.

Spring blades do not provide complete release of the raw material, which reduces the intensity of the extraction process, the completeness of extraction of the target product and causes the loss of the extractant in the raw material.

The closest to the invention in terms of their design features are dry grinding runners, used in the building materials industry for grinding dry clay, chamotte, other similar materials, consisting of two tons of rollers, which, when the vertical shaft rotates, roll around the bottom of the bowl, grinding the material as under the action of weight, and due to abrasion due to their slip.

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However, such runners cannot be directly used for extraction purposes, especially from vegetable raw materials, due to the weight of the rollers, the design of the bowl and the body, which do not allow organizing the flow of the extractant, i.e. make contact between the phases for mass exchange.

The purpose of the invention is to increase the productivity of the extractor by reducing the extraction time,

This goal is achieved by the fact that the extractor, which includes a vertical cylindrical body with a flat bottom, rollers, scrapers for moving and mixing the solid phase, their drive, rollers are made hollow, and in the end walls there are hatches for loading the ballast weight. In addition, the vertical surface of the housing is perforated at the level of the liquid and is surrounded by an additional shell that extracts and extracts the extract, and in the flat bottom there is an opening with a slit for unloading the solid phase.

Gy figure 1 shows schematically the extractor, a general view; figure 2 is the same, top view; on fig.Z - node i on fig, 1.

The extractor consists of a housing 1, a flat bottom 2, a vertical shaft 3, on which a yoke 4 is fixed with axles of cranks 5. Hollow rollers 6 are suspended on these cranks and can be raised or lowered by increasing or decreasing the thickness of the mass layer under the rollers. Each roller has a hatch 7 for loading the ballast weight 8, in which sand, shot, liquid can be used. The size of the load of ballast depends on the mass of the roller, which is determined experimentally for various types of raw materials. The width of each roller is equal to the width of the treadmill. The peripheral velocities (m / s) of the movements of the extreme (outer and inner) and mid-points of the roller around the vertical axis will be different. The points lying on the center line of the roller move without sliding, all other points on either side of the center line slide. Sliding the rollers contributes to the crushing of the material. The housing has perforations 9 and is surrounded by an additional shell 10, to which is attached a fitting 11 for withdrawing the extract. In the flat bottom there is a slit 12. under which is placed the screw 13 for unloading the solid phase. The vertical shaft is driven by a gear 14, The machine is equipped with scraper devices 15, which are designed to evenly feed the material under the rollers, mix it and direct it to the discharge slot. The flat bottom has a steam jacket 16, and the slit 12 is opened with the help of the valve 17.

The device allows to implement the method

extraction of target products from plant materials. To do this, at the bottom of the extractor, grassy materials, for example dried

Alta grass, serves extractant (water) and support it at 5 - 10 mm above the thickness of the layer of raw materials. The rollers are driven from a vertical shaft with a rotational speed of 0.3-0.5 rps. The amount of ballast weight poured into the cavity of the rollers is calculated based on the required pressure of squeezing the material established experimentally (in this case, this pressure is 1-10 Pa). During the collision of the rollers on the raw material, the material is crushed due to the sliding of the rollers, its simultaneous squeezing under the liquid level, the subsequent saturation with fresh extractant in

the gap between the rinks. The time and frequency of pressing for different grades of raw materials is established experimentally and depends on the number of revolutions of the vertical shaft. The duration of extraction for different materials is different. For the case of the extraction of mucaltin from Alta herb, it is 3.6 O s.

The finished extract (mukaltin) through the perforated surface of the housing and the additional shell nipple is completely removed from the apparatus, and the remaining raw material is subjected to additional squeezing by rolling the rollers in order to reduce the loss of extractant in the raw material, then it is removed.

These distinctive features provide an increase in the degree of extraction of target products, an increase in the efficiency of the process due to cell destruction and periodic cell deformation.

solid material under the liquid level without contact with a partial renewal of the extractant in contact with the material, which ultimately leads to a reduction in extraction time from 22 hours in a diffusion apparatus with a root agitator to 1-1.5 hours in the proposed extractor.

Claims (1)

Claims of the Invention Extractor for extracting a target product from vegetable raw materials, including a cylindrical body with a flat bottom, rollers, transfer scrapers and mixing of the solid phase, their drive, characterized in that, in order to increase the productivity of the apparatus by reducing the time of extraction 5.17365386 No, the rollers are hollow and are provided with a level of liquid perforated and provided with an additional shell in their end walls, and in the flat loading ballast load, the bottom-bottom is made opening with a slot for The housing surface is 5 cm in height, removing the solid phase. U 2 j W & D W P9 2 15. Фцг / ГЪ FI.2. 7 Figz