SU1731988A1 - Drive of well rod pump - Google Patents

Abstract

This invention relates to a technique for mechanized oil extraction, is intended to drive a downhole sucker-rod pump and can be used in the oil industry. The aim of the invention is to increase reliability and efficiency by reducing the dynamic component of the load at the point of suspension of the rods. The drive of the downhole pump includes a frame 1 with a rack 2, in the upper part of which a rotary link 3, a drive motor 4, a gear 5, and a crank 7 are mounted on the driven shaft. Gearbox 5 has the ability to rotate around the axis of the driven shaft and is equipped with a device that balances the reactive torque. The balancing device can be made in the form of an elastic link connecting the reducer with the frame, or in the form of a lever or cable-roller mechanism, equipped with a load. 2 hp ff, 4 silt СЛ С Xj СО -4 о 00 00 Fig1

Description

The invention relates to the technique of mechanized oil production and is intended to drive a downhole sucker-rod pump that can be used primarily in the oil industry.

Balanced and unbalanced drives of a downhole pump are known, including a frame, a stand on which a balance wheel or guide pulley (roller) is installed, a drive motor, a gearbox, on the driven shaft of which a crank is connected kinematically connected through a rotary link to a suspension of a rod .

The disadvantage of these known drives is the creation of large dynamic loads during the reciprocating movement of the rods, which increase the maximum value and amplitude of the change in the total load at the point of suspension of the rods, as well as significant fluctuations in torque on the driven shaft of the gearbox, which peak values significantly exceed its average value. These shortcomings lead to deterioration of the working conditions of the rods, inefficient loading of the gearbox and the drive as a whole, reducing the operating efficiency of the well pumping unit.

The closest to the invention in technical essence and the achieved result is the drive of a downhole sucker-rod pump containing a frame, a stand on which a balance bar, a drive motor, a gearbox, a crank mounted on the driven shaft, are kinematically connected through an elastic link ( connecting rod-shock absorber) and the balance bar with suspension rods.

The disadvantage of this drive is low reliability and insufficiently effective operation.

This is due to the fact that pneumatic shock absorbers on connecting rods reduce the reliability of the drive and, at low pumping speeds (less than 30 m / min), lead to a loss of stroke of the wellhead shaft. In addition, shock absorbers on connecting rods designed to respond to peak loads at the suspension point of the rods do not respond to peak torque values on the driven shaft of the gearbox, out of phase with the peak load values at the suspension point of the rods, as a result of which not only more powerful gearbox and electric motor, but the latter, being extremely unevenly loaded, works with a reduced efficiency and power factor Cos p, increasing the specific energy costs.

The purpose of the invention is to increase the reliability and efficiency of the drive by reducing the maximum torque value transmitted by the driven shaft of the gearbox and reducing the dynamic component of the load at the point of suspension of the rods.

In the proposed technical solution due to the alignment of torque on the driven shaft of the gearbox and the load in

At the suspension point of the rods, a reserve is created for the load and torque on the gearbox, which significantly increases the depth of the pump suspension and the performance of the well pumping unit with

5 proposed drive. This is also facilitated by the reduction in the loss of stroke length of the suspension point of the rods from the damping system. Aligning the torque on the driven shaft of the gearbox leads to a decrease in engine power and a more complete load, increasing its efficiency by increasing the cycle efficiency and power factor (Cos p) of its work.

5 Replacing the pneumatic mechanical depreciation system increases the reliability of its operation and the drive as a whole. This is also facilitated by the possibility of constant control over the load on

0 gearbox.

This goal is achieved by the fact that the drive, which includes a frame with a pillar, in the upper part of which a rotary link is installed (balance bar or guide pulley), is equipped with a water engine, a reducer, and a crank mounted on its driven shaft through a rotary link According to the invention, the gearbox and drive motor are movably mounted relative to the frame on supports with respect to which the gearbox can be rotated around the axis of the driven shaft with the motor, and the gearbox is equipped with Equalizing reactive torque.

The device balancing reactive torque is made in the form of an elastic link connecting the reducer with the frame. This device may also be

0 is made in the form of a lever or rope-roller mechanism, equipped with a load.

Comparative analysis with the prototype shows that the proposed drive

5 is characterized in that the gearbox and p-lead-in motor are mounted movably relative to the frame on supports, with respect to which the gearbox with the motor has the ability to rotate around the axis of the driven

shaft, and the gearbox is equipped with a device that balances the reactive torque.

Figure 1 shows a schematic diagram of the proposed drive, in which a balance bar is used as a turning point on the rack; Fig. 2 illustrates a drive in which a guide pulley is used as a pivotal link on a rack; Fig. 3 shows a drive with a lever balancing device for a reactive torque; Fig. 4 shows a drive with a rope-roller balancing device for a reactive torque;

The drive of the downhole pump includes a base frame 1 (only the joints are shown), a rack 2 on which the balance bar 3 is installed, the drive motor 4, gear 5, on which the crankshaft 7 are mounted kinematically connected through connecting rods 8 and the balancer with cable suspension 9 column rods (not shown). The gearbox 5, located with the driving motor 4 on the same platform 10, is movably mounted with respect to the base frame 1 on the supports 11 located on the cantilever ends (not indicated) of the driven shaft 6 and allowing the gearbox 5 with the engine 4 to rotate around the axis of the driven shaft 6. When In order to balance the reactive torque acting on the gearbox 5, the platform 10 with its shoulder 12 is pivotally connected to an elastic link (shock absorber) 13 containing a spring 14. This link is pivotally connected to the base frame 1. Spring link C amort isator) 13 can also be located across the shoulder 12 and is connected to it and to the pillar 2 without hinges. In addition, for a bilateral action, the elastic link 13 may consist of two springs 14 located on one and the other side of the arm 12.

To visually determine the load on the gearbox according to the degree of deviation of the shoulder 12 there is a scale 15, and in order to avoid the breakdown of the gearbox 5 due to an accidental overload (gusting rods, lack or excess torque from counterweights 16), limit switches 17 are installed. Readings of the load on the gearbox and signal emergency shutdown may be involved in the remote control system.

The drive works as follows. The cable suspension 9, together with a column of rods suspended from it (not shown), driven by drive engine 4 connected via a V-belt transmission (not indicated) with gearbox 5, performs a vertical reciprocating motion, while testing not only the changing from the direction of motion of the static load, but also the alternating dynamic loads imposed on it, which increase the maximum load on the rods and the unevenness of the torque on the driven shaft 6 of the gearbox 5 even when fully balanced o0 hanging drive. In this case, the alignment of torque on the driven shaft 6 of the gearbox 5 and the load at the point of suspension of the rods is as follows. With a peak increase in torque

5 torque transmitted by a rotating, for example, clockwise, driven shaft 6 of a gearbox 5, a gearbox 5 with a driving engine 4, overcoming the force of the spring 14, balancing the reactive torque

0 moment, turns counterclockwise, i.e. towards the rotation of the driven shaft 6 with cranks 7 (the extreme position is indicated by strokes), slowed down the instantaneous speed of rotation of the latter. Reduction

5, the instantaneous speed of rotation of the cranks 7 relative to the stand 2 slows the speed of the suspension with the column of rods, reducing peak torque values on the driven shaft 6 of the gearbox 5 and the forces acting on the rods. Conversely, as the torque decreases on the driven shaft 6 of the gearbox 5, the potential energy of the compressed spring of the elastic link 13 rotates the gearbox 5 with the drive motor 5 clockwise, i.e. in the direction of rotation of the driven shaft 6 with cranks 7, resulting in the speed of rotation of the cranks 7 and, consequently, the speed of the translational movement of the rods

0 increases, increasing the decreasing moment on the driven shaft 6 of the gearbox 5 and the load at the suspension point of the rods. Thus, by reducing the peak and increasing the minimum values of the torque

5 torque on the driven shaft 6 is the alignment of the load on the gearbox and the column of rods. In this case, the magnitude of the displacement of the boom suspension point from the magnitude of the swinging angle in the supports 11 of the gearbox 5 with the drive motor 4 relative to the axis of the driven shaft 6 will be different depending on the location of the crank 7. At the very beginning and at the very end of the movement of the boom suspension point, t . when crank 7 and

5 connecting rod 8 is pulled out in one line or close to it, this movement will be minimal, and in the middle part of the stroke of the suspension point of the rods - maximum. Consequently, in the initial period of movement of the boom suspension point up or down, when the boom string is lengthening or contracting, imposing at this time on the main movement of movement from rotation of the gearbox 5 with cranks 7 will be minimal, due to which the progress of the boom suspension point from the elastic link (shock absorber) 13 will be significantly less than in the case of the installation of a shock absorber on the column of rods or rods 8.

The proposed technical solution is equally realized in balanceless drives, when on the rack 2 as the turning link 3 there are installed guide pulleys (rollers) with suspension ropes of 9 rods thrown over them, connected through tension pulleys 18 with cranks 7, the ends of which play the role of rods 8 (figure 2). Unlike the above-described drive, here the elastic link (shock absorber) 13 is located across the shoulder 12, extending the continuation of the platform 10, and contains two springs 14 located on one and the other side of the shoulder 12. The spring 14 can be packaged in a different way. . The rest of this drive corresponds to figure 1,

In addition to the options described above, FIGS. 3 and 4 provide examples of the implementation of a drive with cargo balancing reactive torque acting on the gearbox 5. In FIG. 3, this is achieved by connecting to arm 12 a lever 19 with a load 20 at the end, while the other end of the lever has a hinge connection. 2

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In FIG. 4, the balancing of the reactive torque is achieved by attaching the rope 22 to the platform 10 and the rope 22 with a load 14 thrown through the roller 21.

Claims (3)

1. Drive the downhole sucker-rod pump, comprising a frame with a stand, in the upper part of which there is a rotary link (balance bar or guide pulley), a drive motor, a gearbox, on the driven shaft of which a crank is mounted, kinematically connected through a rotary link with a suspension of a rod string, characterized in that in order to increase reliability and efficiency by reducing the dynamic component of the load at the boom suspension point by reducing the maximum torque value transmitted by the driven shaft The gearbox and drive motor are mounted movably relative to the frame on supports, with respect to which the gearbox with the engine can rotate around the axis of the driven shaft, and the gearbox is equipped with a device that balances the reactive torque. 2. The actuator according to claim 1, which is distinguished by the fact that the device for balancing the reactive torque is made in the form of an elastic link connecting the reducer with the frame. 3. The actuator according to claim 1, characterized in that the device for balancing the reactive torque is made in the form of a lever or cable-roller mechanism equipped with a load. 15 2 I 18 // &. 21