SU1713650A1 - Magnetic separator - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a technique for the enrichment of materials. used to remove ferromagnetic impurities from bulk and liquid media. The purpose of the invention is to increase the separation efficiency and improve the conditions for removing the extracted particles. The separator consists of a non-magnetic drum in the form of annular sections 1, between which ferromagnetic disks of a 4.2 magnetic system (MS) 'of permanent magnets 2, facing like poles to disks 4, are clamped. The MS is fixed and offset from the axis of rotation of the disks 4, which are made with non-magnetic inserts, and between them are cleaners 5. A feeder 9 is located above the disks 4, and below them there are receivers 10 and 11 of the separation products. The initial product is supplied by the feeder 9 between the gaps of the disks 4, divided into magnetic and non-magnetic fractions, which are collected in receivers 10 and 11. By creating a non-uniform magnetic field whose gradient is directed to the magnets 2, ferromagnetic impurities are delayed and are removed by the scrubbers. 5. 1 c. f-ly, 6 ill. (L ^ ASO ate about

Description

The invention relates to devices for separating ferromagnetic impurities from a stream of bulk and liquid materials and can be used in the mining and metallurgical, food and other industries.

A device for cleaning bulk material from ferromagnetic impurities is known, comprising a housing, a sector magnetic system and a screen having a hyperbolic profile and provided with a groove.

The drawback of the device is that ferromagnetic particles adhering to the screen experience a significant dynamic effect from the flow of bulk material, which separates them from the screen surface. In addition, the removal of ferromagnetic impurities is accomplished by rotating the magnetic system, in which it is removed from the screen and the work area. This reduces the cleaning efficiency of the product and decreases the productivity.

The closest to the technical essence is a drum magnetic separator, which includes a working body in the form of a nonmagnetic drum, inside which there is a magnetic system made of permanent rectangular magnets mounted on the frame, with the same poles facing the drum surface, and the separator is provided with ferromagnetic plates and additional permanent magnets with like poles facing the plates.

The disadvantage of this separator is the low efficiency of cleaning the bulk of the product from ferromagnetic impurities due to the absence of loosening of the product, especially prone to clumping, as well as low productivity.

The purpose of the invention is to increase the efficiency of cleaning performance by reducing the dynamic effects on the captured impurities and their targeted localization.

The goal is achieved by the fact that in a magnetic separator, including a working device in the form of a non-magnetic drum, inside which a sector magnetic system is located, is made of fixed permanently magnets, facing like poles to ferromagnetic elements located between the magnets, drive, cleaner, feeder and receivers of ferromagnetic impurities and product, non-magnetic drum

made of remotely installed annually to each other annular sections, between which 1 are clamped ferromagnetic elements in the form of radial discs protruding above the surface of the drum and forming pole pieces in contact with the cleaner, made in the form of scrapers.

In addition, the cleaner can be made in the form of flexible belts that cover the drum section, are located between the pole pieces and connected to the drive, and the receiver of ferromagnetic impurities is placed in the place of the descent of the belt from the drum section. Pole tips are made wedge-shaped, and the thickness L of ferromagnetic disks is equal to

AT.

BUT

where S is the area of the magnet;

P - the perimeter of the magnet:

B is the average induction on the surface of the magnet;

B - induction of saturation of the disk material.

In the proposed separator, the non-magnetic drum is made in the form of annular sections, ferromagnetic discs are placed radially pinched between the drum sections, the disks protrude above the surface of the drum and form pole tips, which come into contact with the cleaner,

In known separators, the disks are made hollow and inside them there is a magnetizing system that creates local areas of a high-gradient floor on the entire surface of the disk. Impurity ferromagnetic particles adhering to the surface at its edge experience significant dynamic effects when the disk rotates and interacts with the medium, which helps to separate them and, consequently, reduce cleaning efficiency and limit performance. In the proposed separator, pole pieces create a non-uniform magnetic field with a gradient radially toward the center of the discs by making solid ferromagnetic material and placing the magnetic system near the central region of the discs. Ferromagnetic particles are drawn into the interpolar gaps, where the dynamic effects are less than at the periphery.

Also known is a roller separator incorporating a magnetic system, parallel-mounted cylinders with annular projections, the protrusions of one roller being placed between the projections of the other, and the side surfaces of the protrusions are grooved. The magnetic system in this separator is located in the middle of the roll | And because of this, the annular protrusions located on one side of the magnetic system have the same polarity, THAT: does not allow creating a non-uniform magnetic field for one roll with a gradient to its center. Placing the collar protrusions of one roll between the protrusions of the other also does not give the desired result, as the decrease in tension in adjacent, 1 protrusions of such a system is opposite. A non-uniform field is created only locally due to riffles on the surface of the protrusions. ;,;

Fig. 1 shows a separator, a general view, a first embodiment; Fig. 2 is a section A-A in Fig. L; Fig. 3 separator, general view, second embodiment; Fig. 4 is the same; Fig. 5 shows a separator, a top view, a third embodiment; on fig.b - ferromagnetic disk with non-radial inserts.

A magnetic separator comprising a kemamagnetic drum in the form of an annular x secGtion 1, inside which there is a magnetic system made of permanent magnets 2 fixedly mounted on axis 3, facing like poles to ferromagnetic disks 4, which are fixed between the annular sections 1 and protrude above their surface, forming pole lugs in contact with the cleaner in the form of scrapers 5. (Fig. 1). Cleaner can be made to. the form of flexible belts 6, which cover the drum section 1, are located between the pole pieces and are connected with the drive 7 (Fig. 3 and 4), and the ferromagnetic disks 4 are divided into sectors by radial non-magnetic inserts 8 (Fig. 6). The separator contains a feeder 9, a receiver 10 ferromagnetic impurities and a receiver, 11. purified product.

Magnetic separator works as follows.

The initial product containing ferromagnetic impurities is supplied by the feeder 9 between the gaps of the pole pieces of ferromagnetic disks 4 and then collected in the receiver 11. A non-uniform magnetic field is created in the gap between the pole tips of the disks 4, the gradient of which and, therefore, the attractive force of the particles are directed inside clearance for

by increasing the intensity of the field on the surface of the disk 4 as it approaches the magnets 2.

Ferromagnetic particles, falling into the gap between the pole tips, stick to the surface of the disks 4 and sections 1 of the drum, and their accumulation occurs away from the edge of the disk 4, in the region of the lowest linear speeds

particle movement and dynamic., impacts from the separated granular product, which allows to increase the cleaning efficiency, as well as increase productivity. .

The implementation of the pole, tips of the wedge-shaped form allows to increase the heterogeneity of the magnetic field in the gap between them and thereby the force of attraction acting on the particles.

Removal of ferromagnetic particles and collecting them into the receiver 10 is carried out using a cleaner, vypno / nnrgo in the form of scrapers 5 (fig-1) or flexible bend b (fig. 3), which simultaneously carried out ibV transmission of torque from drive 7 working body.

The separator can be made in the form of two drums, the pole pieces of one of which enter the gap between the pole pieces of the other, and adjacent pole pieces having the same polarity are adjacent to each other (Fig. 5). This makes it possible to increase the non-uniformity of the magnetic field and the intensity, which contributes to an increase in the productivity and efficiency of extraction of ferromagnetic particles.

The thickness A of ferromagnetic disks 4 is chosen from the condition that the inhibition of the igopol in the metal of the disk is closer to the induction of saturation B, which makes it possible to reduce the metal consumption of the structure. Magnetic

the FM tray, permanent magnets 2 adjacent to: disk 4 on the other sides, are located along

formula (1)

FM-Z.-v.

 where S is the area of the magnet; 50 ; B - average induction on the surface., - magnet.

This flux should be equal to the magnetic flux Fd, which can skip the disc when the induction value is not more than the critical value B

Fd A,

Claims (2)

(2) where P is the perimeter of the magnet. Equating (1) and (2) and performing mathematical transformations. If there are several magnets adjacent to the disk on each side, then the junction area of the magnets and the perimeter of such a system are substituted into formula (3). In order to improve the conditions for the removal of delayed particles from the disks 4, it is advisable to divide them into sectors by radial non-magnetic inserts 8, which create a magnetic resistance that reduces the induction of the field in the non-contacting sector with the magnet 2, and, consequently, the strength of the attraction of particles to the disk 4 in the cleaning zone. The use of the proposed magnetic separator for cleaning bulk solids from ferromagnetic particles will increase the cleaning efficiency and productivity. Claim 1. Magnetic separator, which includes a working body in the form of ferromagnetic disks separated from each other and mounted on an axis with the possibility of rotation, protruding above the surface of the magnetic system of permanent magnets facing the disks with the same poles, cleaners located in the interdisk space, feeder and separation product receivers, characterized in that, in order to improve the separation efficiency and improve the removal conditions of the extracted particles, the magnetic system is fixed and with the displacement of the extracted particles, the magnetic system is fixed and offset with respect to the axis of rotation of the disks; in this case, the disks are made with non-magnetic radial inserts. 2. Separator pop. 1, characterized in that the discs are made wedge-shaped. Phie. 2 YU FIG. five Phie. eight 6