SU1708934A1

SU1708934A1 - Method of burning-in aluminium electrolyzer hearth and easily detachable device for its realization

Info

Publication number: SU1708934A1
Application number: SU894770344A
Authority: SU
Inventors: Владимир Константинович Косыгин; Валерий Николаевич Дерягин; Евгений Николаевич Кирюшатов; Юрий Васильевич Шемет; Виктор Сергеевич Жирнаков; Михаил Яковлевич Минцис; Сергей Валентинович Волков
Original assignee: Новокузнецкий алюминиевый завод
Priority date: 1989-02-19
Filing date: 1989-02-19
Publication date: 1992-01-30

Abstract

Изобретение относитс к электро- I /этическому производству алюмини и -может быть использовано дл обжига!подины алюминиевых электролизеров с самообжигаюцимис анодами. Цель изобретени ^ увеличение срока службы электролизера, снижение энергозатрат и сокращение пускового периода. Спо-,- соб обжига подины вклочает установку на катод, быстросъемного устройства в виде укрыти , с помощью которого гфоизвод т обжиг подины путем формировани кольцевой циркул ции тепло- , вого потока в укрытии с отводом га- f зов в центральной части его. Температуру обжига п(М9ышают до 950-1000*С,, затем убирают быстросъемное устройство и устаНав<|1ивают гор чий анод с очередного отключаемого на капремонт электролизера. Устройство содержит свод 1, футерованный изнутри огне- упорнь»^ материалом и установленный на стенки 2 катодной части электролизера. Свод 1 имеет газоотвод щий патрубок 3, располо)«енный в центре свода 1, снабжен упорами ^^ из жаростойкого материала, выполненными в виде стойки, Н1«кн часть которой имеет П-образную форму с двум опорными площадками. Упоры k устанавлиаа- ют на поверхность катодных блоков 5 так, чтб&й рпорнйе площадки были ориентированы на торцы каждой пары смежных катодных блоков 5» т.е. над швом между ними. Нижн П-образна часть упоров 4 вьтолнена с пазом ;дл свободного прохода газов над швом во врем обжига. Над сводом 1 установлен трубопровод 8 с.горелка- ,ми в фиде форсунок Э, прикрепленных к нему с возмо)1»1остыо регулировани угла наклона форсунок к поверхности ваниы. 2сй 3 з.п. ф-лы, k ил.* ,1 табл.3 - '1Фо*.100:о САЭ>&^The invention relates to electro-I / ethical aluminum production and can be used for baking aluminum electrolytic cells with self-baking anodes. The purpose of the invention ^ increase the service life of the electrolyzer, reducing energy consumption and reducing the starting period. The hotplate of the bottom involves the installation on the cathode of a quick-release cover device, by means of which the bottom hearth is burned by forming a circular circulation of heat and heat in the cover with the discharge of f in the central part of it. The firing temperature p (M9 is breathed to 950-1000 * C ,, then the quick-detachment device is removed and the hot anode is installed in the lt; 1 the next disconnected electrolyzer for overhaul. The device contains vault 1, lined from the inside with fire-resistant material and mounted on the walls 2 The cathode part of the electrolysis cell. The arch 1 has a gas outlet pipe 3, located in the center of the arch 1, is provided with stoppers made of heat-resistant material, made in the form of a rack, H1 ", the part of which is U-shaped with two bearing pads. The stops k are placed on the surface of the cathode blocks 5 so that the ampholes were oriented to the ends of each pair of adjacent cathode blocks 5, i.e. over the seam between them. The lower U-shaped part of the stops 4 is complete with a groove, for the free passage of gases over the seam during firing. Above arch 1, a pipeline 8 is installed. A burner — in the feed of nozzles E attached to it with the possibility of adjusting the angle of inclination of the nozzles to the vanilla surface. 2s 3 hp f-ly, k il. *, 1 table.3 - '1Fo * .100: about SAE > & ^

Description

Изобретение относится к электролитическому производству алюминия и может быть использовано для обжига подины алюминиевых электролизеров с $ самообжигающимися анодами и разъемными электрическими контактами анодных стояков с анодной ошиновкой.The invention relates to the electrolytic production of aluminum and can be used to bake the bottom of aluminum electrolyzers with self-baking anodes and detachable electrical contacts of the anode risers with the anode busbar.

Целью изобретения является увеличение срока службы электролизера, (Снижение энергозатрат и сокращение [срока пуска⁴ электролизера.The aim of the invention is to increase the service life of the cell, (Reducing energy consumption and shortening [start-up time ^{4 of the} cell.

В известных способах обжиг подины ведут в две стадии: на первой стадии ведут предварительный прогрев газовыми горелками (или другими нагревателями) до температуры. 450-500*С, а на второй стадии загружают пусковое сырье, заливёют в ванну электролит и включают напряжение· На прогрев ₂о подины требуется повышенное напряжение , поэтому пдсле пуска на ванне поддерживают высокое напряжение (71° В).In the known methods, firing the hearths are carried out in two stages: in the first stage, preliminary heating by gas burners (or other heaters) is carried out to a temperature. 450-500 * C, and in the second stage, starting raw materials are loaded, the electrolyte is poured into the bathtub and the voltage is turned on. An increased voltage is required to warm up the heating _of the hearth ₂ ° C, therefore, after starting up the bathtub is kept at a high voltage (71 ° V).

В предложенном способе обжиг по- 25 дины ведут, например, газовыми горелками, в одну стадию, т.е. до температуры 950-1000°С. Такой порядок обжига позволяет примерно на 4 суток сократить период пуска и уменьшить ₃θ расход энергоресурсов за счет исключения расхода электроэнергии на второй стадии, а также за счет того, что не требуется энергии на разогрев анода, так как устанавливают горячий анод с очередного отключаемого на капремонт электролизера. ¹ In the proposed method, firing of 25 dips is carried out, for example, by gas burners, in one stage, i.e. to a temperature of 950-1000 ° C. Such a firing procedure allows reducing the start-up period by approximately 4 days and reducing the energy consumption by ₃ θ by eliminating the energy consumption in the second stage, as well as by the fact that energy is not required to heat the anode, since a hot anode is installed from the next disconnect to overhaul electrolyzer. ¹

На фиг.1 показано устройство; продольный разрез; на фиг.2 - то же, вид в плане; на фиг.З - разрез А-А на фиг.2; на фиг.4 - схема расположения упоров на поверхности подины.Figure 1 shows the device; lengthwise cut; figure 2 is the same, a view in plan; in Fig.Z - section aa in Fig.2; figure 4 - arrangement of the stops on the surface of the hearth.

Устройство, выполненное в виде укрытия, содержит свод 1, футерованный изнутри огнеупорным материалом, ₄₅установленный на стенки 2 катодной части электролизера. Свод 1 имеет газоотводящий патрубок 3, расположенный 8 центре свода 1, снабжен упорами 4 из жаростойкого материала, выполненными в виде стойки, нижняя часть которой имеет П-образную форму, с двумя опорными площадками. Упоры 4 устанавливают на поверхность катодных блоков 5 тек, чтобы опорные площадки были ориентированы на .торцы каждой пары смежных катодных блоков 5 (фиг.З), т.е. над швом 6 между ними. Нижняя П-образная часть упоров 4 выполнена с пазом 7 для свободного прохода газов над швом во время обжига.The device, made in the form of a shelter, contains a vault 1 lined internally with refractory material, ₄₅ mounted on the walls 2 of the cathode part of the cell. The vault 1 has a gas outlet 3, located 8 in the center of the vault 1, is equipped with stops 4 made of heat-resistant material, made in the form of a rack, the lower part of which is U-shaped, with two supporting platforms. The stops 4 are mounted on the surface of the cathode blocks 5 tech, so that the support pads are oriented towards the ends of each pair of adjacent cathode blocks 5 (Fig. 3), i.e. above the seam 6 in between. The lower U-shaped part of the stops 4 is made with a groove 7 for free passage of gases over the seam during firing.

Над сводЬм 1 установлен трубопровод 8 с горелками в виде форсунок 9, прикрепленных к нему с возможностью регулирования угла наклона форсунок к поверхности ванны.Above vault 1, a pipeline 8 is installed with burners in the form of nozzles 9 attached to it with the possibility of adjusting the angle of inclination of the nozzles to the surface of the bath.

На цодготовленную к обжигу катодную часть электролизера, освобожденного от анода, устанавливают свод 1, ориентируя упоры 4 на торцы каждой пары смежных катодных блоков 5, Затем устанавливают форсунки 9 под углом к поверхности подины, например 50°, так, чтобы они сформировали кольцевую циркуляцию теплового потока в зоне обжига, например, по часовой стрелке, как показано на фйг.4. После этого поджигают топливо в горелках и проводят равномерный прогрев подины до 600°C со скоростью подъема температуры 25*0/4, а затем до 950-1000*0 со скоростью подъема температуры 50°С/ч.A vault 1 is installed on the cathode part of the electrolytic cell, which has been prepared for firing, and vault 1 is installed, orienting the stops 4 on the ends of each pair of adjacent cathode blocks 5, then nozzles 9 are installed at an angle to the surface of the hearth, for example, 50 °, so that they form a circular circulation of thermal flow in the firing zone, for example, clockwise, as shown in FIG. 4. After that, fuel is burned in the burners and the hearth is uniformly heated to 600 ° C with a temperature rise rate of 25 * 0/4, and then to 950-1000 * 0 with a temperature rise rate of 50 ° C / h.

При достижении указанной температуры происходит полное коксование межблочных подовых швов и угольной подушки, после чего процесс обжига прекращают, снимают быстросъемное устройство, устанавливают горячий анод, заливают электролит и включают ванну на электролиз.When this temperature is reached, complete coking of the interblock hearth seams and the carbon cushion occurs, after which the firing process is stopped, the quick-detachable device is removed, the hot anode is installed, the electrolyte is poured and the bath is turned on for electrolysis.

В таблице приведено обоснование граничных значений температурного параметра 959-1000¾.The table shows the rationale for the boundary values of the temperature parameter 959-1000¾.

Таким образом, предложенный способ позволяет увеличить срок службы электролизера за счет более равномерного качественного проведения обжига по всей поверхности ванны; снизить энергозатраты за счет проведения обжига .в одну стадию более дешевым жидким илй газообразным топливом вместо расхода электроэнергии; сократить пусковой период примерно на 4 сут в основном за счет использования горячего анода с очередного отключаемого на капремонт электролизера.Thus, the proposed method allows to increase the service life of the cell due to a more uniform high-quality firing on the entire surface of the bath; reduce energy costs by firing. in one stage cheaper liquid or gaseous fuels instead of energy consumption; to shorten the start-up period by about 4 days, mainly due to the use of a hot anode from the next electrolyzer disconnected for major repairs.

Предлагаемое устройство для осуществления способа позволяет увеличить срок службы электролизера за счет предотвращения вспучивания подовых катодных блоков во время обжига. Такое предотвращение обеспечивается тем, что упоры ориентированы на. торцы каждой пары смежных катодных блоков.The proposed device for implementing the method allows to increase the service life of the cell by preventing the expansion of the hearth cathode blocks during firing. Such prevention is provided by the fact that the stops are oriented towards. the ends of each pair of adjacent cathode blocks.

Снижение энергозатрат обеспечивается тем, что укрытие, выполнено в виде футерованного изнутри свода, снижающего теплоотдачу в окружающую ' среду; газоотводный патрубок располо-. жен в центре свода; форсунки можно .расположить равномерно над всей поверхностью катодного устройства и установить их под любым углом к поверхности подины, например под углом 50°C, который обеспечивает более равномерную теплоотдачу подовым блокам за счет формирования кольцевой циркуляции теплового потока; вместо установки холодного анода, как это предусмотрено известной технологией, устанавливают горячий анод с другого электролизера, подготовленного на капремонт.Reducing energy costs is ensured by the fact that the shelter is made in the form of an inner lined inside, reducing heat transfer to the environment; gas outlet is located. wives in the center of the vault; nozzles can be placed evenly over the entire surface of the cathode device and set them at any angle to the surface of the hearth, for example at an angle of 50 ° C, which provides more uniform heat transfer to the hearth blocks due to the formation of an annular circulation of heat flow; instead of installing a cold anode, as provided by the known technology, a hot anode is installed from another electrolyzer prepared for overhaul.

Сокращение пускового периода со 120 до 31 ч обеспечивается за счет того, что разогрев подины проводится в одну стадию до 950-1 000^tfC, а так- ; же за счет установки горячего анода.The start-up period is reduced from 120 to 31 hours due to the fact that the hearth is heated in one stage to 950-1 000 ^tf C, and so; by installing a hot anode.

Claims

The invention relates to the electrolytic production of aluminum and can be used to bake the bottom of aluminum electrolysis cells with self-baking anodes and detachable electrical contacts of anode poles with anode busbars. The purpose of the invented invention is to increase the cell life of the electrolyzer, jCHMweHMe energy consumption and shorten the start-up time of the electrolyzer. In the known methods, baking of the bottom occurs in two stages: at the first stage, they are preheated by gas burners (or other heaters) to a temperature of 50–500 ° C, and at the second stage, starting starting material is poured, the electrolyte is poured into the bath and the voltage is switched on. An increased voltage is required on the bottom furnace, therefore, when starting the bath, a high voltage (710 V) is maintained ./ In the proposed method, the hearth is fired, for example, with gas burners, in one stage, i.e. to a temperature of 950-1 00О-С. Such a roasting procedure allows for approximately {{a} day to shorten the start-up period and to reduce energy consumption by eliminating the power consumption in the second stage, and also due to the fact that energy is not required to heat the anode. , since the hot anode is installed from the next electrolyzer disconnected for the overhaul. Figure 1 shows the device, a longitudinal section; figure 2 is the same, type 8 plan; on fig.Z - section aa in figure 2; Fig. 4 shows the layout of the stops on the surface of the bottom. The device, made in the form of a shelter, contains a roof 1, lined from the inside with refractory material mounted on the walls 2 of the cathode part of the electrolyzer. The roof 1 has a gas outlet pipe 3 located in the center of the roof 1, provided with stops made of heat resistant material, stand out in the form of a rack, the lower part of which is U-shaped, with two bearing pads. The supports are mounted on the surface of the cathode blocks 5 so that the supporting blocks are oriented to the faces of each pair of adjacent cathode blocks 5 (FIG. 3), i.e. over seam 6 in between. The lower U-shaped part of the stops H is made with a groove 7 for the free passage of gases above the seam 6 during firing. Above the wiring 1, a pipeline 8 is installed with burners in the form of nozzles 9 attached to it with the possibility of adjusting the angle of inclination of the nozzles to the bath surface. A vault 1 is set on the cathode part of the electrolyzer freed from the anode prepared for roasting, the reference point C is fixed to the ends of each pair of adjacent cathode blocks 5. Then install the nozzles 9 at an angle to the bottom surface, for example 50 °, so that they form a ring circulation heat flow in the burning zone, for example, clockwise, as shown in FIG. After that, the fuel in the burners is ignited and the hearth is heated to a uniform temperature of 25 ° C / h and then up to E50-1000 ° C with a rate of rise Aturi. When the specified temperature is reached, the inter block block bottom seams and the coal cushion are completely coked, after which the firing process is stopped, the quick-detachable device is removed, a hot anode is installed, the electrolyte is poured, and a bath is used for electrolysis. The table shows the justification of the boundary values of the temperature parameter 950-1. Thus, the proposed method allows to increase the service life of the electrolyzer due to more uniform high-quality firing over the entire surface of the bath; reduce energy consumption by firing. to one) cheaper liquid sludge gas fuel instead of energy consumption; reduce the starting period by about 10 days, mainly due to the use of the hot anode from the next electrolyzer disconnected for overhaul. The proposed apparatus for carrying out the method makes it possible to increase the service life of the electrolyzer by preventing the swelling of the bottom cathode blocks during calcining. Such prevention is ensured by the fact that the stops are oriented towards. the ends of each pair of adjacent cathode (x blocks. The reduction of energy consumption is ensured by the fact that the shelter is made in the form of a lined from the inside of the roof, which reduces heat transfer to the environment; the gas outlet pipe is located in the center of the roof; the nozzles can be placed evenly over the entire surface of the cathode device and install them at any angle to the bottom of the bottom, for example, at an angle of 5 ° C, which provides more uniform heat transfer to the bottom blocks due to the formation of a ring circulation of heat flux; the cold anode, as provided by the known technology, installs a hot anode from another electrolyzer prepared for overhaul. The reduction of the starting period from 120 to 31 hours is provided by: heating the hearth is carried out in one stage to 950-1000 ° C, and also due to the installation of a hot anode. Formula of the invention, 1. A method of firing the bottom of an aluminum electrolyzer with detachable electrical contacts of the anode poles and anode busbar, including burning the bottom of the anode before installing the anode after overhaul and retraction gases from the obmig zone, characterized in that, in order to increase the service life of the electrolyzer, reduce energy costs and shorten the period of firing. Burning the bottom of the electrolyzer under different temperature conditions of the electrolyzer, burning the bottom leads to reaching 95P-1000С by means of a quick-release device in the form of a cover by forming a ring circulating the heat flow in the shelter with the removal of gases from the central part of it, then removing the quick-detachable device and installing the anode from the next electrolyzer disconnected for the overhaul.

2. A quick-detachable device for burning the bottom of the electrolyzer containing a shelter and burners in the form of nozzles, characterized in that, in order to extend the service life of the electrolyzer, reduce energy costs and shorten the start-up time of the electrolyzer and a gas outlet pipe located in the center of the roof, and the nozzles are placed on an annular pipe fixed on the roof.

3. The device according to claim 2, with tl and h aych e with the fact that the nozzles are mounted on the ring pipe with the ability to adjust the angle of inclination to the plane of the bottom. k. A device according to claim 2, characterized in that the stops are attached to the roof and can be oriented to the ends of each pair of cathode blocks. 5- The device according to claim 2, wherein the lower part of the stops is provided with a groove for the passage of gases above the seam.

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