SU1699584A1 - Reactor of heterogeneous catalysis - Google Patents

Description

one

(21) 4763493/26 (22) 04.12.89 (46) 23.12.91. Bul №47 (71) Severodonetsk branch of the Ukrainian Research and Design Institute of Chemical Engineering

(72) .R.G, Voznesensky, L, I. Krupnik, Yu.V. Lender, V.A. Topchiy and B.A.Bulachev

(53) 66.023 (088.8)

(56) USSR Copyright Certificate No. 939060, cl. B 01J 8/00, 1982.

Kuznetsov LD and others. The synthesis of ammonia. - M .: Himi, 1982, p. 183, fig. V-22.

(54) HETEROGENEOUS CATALYSIS REACTOR

(57) The invention relates to chemical equipment, in particular to tubular catalytic reactors, and allows increasing the intensity of the catalytic process, simplifying the design and reducing the metal intensity of the reactor. The reactor contains reaction tubes placed in a housing and fixed in tube sheets and central tubes arranged in them, and the annular spaces between the reaction tubes and central tubes are filled with particles of a solid catalyst. The central pipes are plugged in the lower part and have annular rows of radial holes distributed over their height. 2 Il.

The invention relates to chemical equipment, is intended for exothermic catalytic processes and can be used in chemical and petrochemical industries, for example, for the catalytic hydrogenation of carbon oxides to produce methanol.

Analogs of the invention include tubular reactors. Known reactor, in which the reaction tubes are filled with solid particles catglyzator. A reactor with reaction and central tubes is also known, in which the annular space between these tubes is filled with catalyst.

Similar features of the proposed and known reactors are a vertical cylindrical body with a top and

the lower lids, inside of which reaction tubes filled with particles of a solid catalyst, as well as nozzles of material flows, are fixed in tube sheets.

The disadvantages of the known reactors are the unevenness of the degree of conversion along the height of the reactor, due to the decrease in the concentration of the initial components of the synthesis-gas as the material flow passes through the height of the catalysis zone.

The known reactor is characterized by a vertical cylindrical body with upper and lower lids and nozzles of material flows, reaction tubes inside the shell fixed in tube sheets, central tubes mounted along the reaction axes, annular proSP

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The granites forming bre (limited) with the internal surfaces of the reaction coarse and the external surfaces of the central tubes are filled with particles of a hard catalyst.

The above prizes of the known reactor are similar to the features of the proposed heterogeneous catalysis reactor.

The disadvantages of an exhausting reactor are the unevenness of the activity of the catalytic process and its decrease along the gas flow, which leads to a decrease in the intensity of the operation of the reactor as a whole.

In the process of operating a known reactor, fresh gas rises from the ground down the central tubes,, - / he aggravates itself and partially cools the gas flow in the peairopa annular spaces. Thus, due to some optmgdazzi of the temperature regime, the reserve rate (the intensity of the process).

However, due to the thermal resistance of the walls, coarse cooling of the reaction zone is limited, and the decrease in kh of the UNCE-process along the height of the catalyst bed remains unchanged. In addition, the autonomous supply of fresh gas to the central pipes complicates the connection of the reactor technology by pipelines, the design of the reactor itself and its metal intensity.

The aim of the invention is the reading of the process of the process, the simplification of the metal intensity of the reactor.

Pgsgavlemnag goal of achieving that D faith; / Hapunov ochchegom rachtoe, equipped with reaction tubes and pipes, the annular spaces between them are filled with a catalyst, cement pipes distributed along i / ix at the height of the ring of a radial torsion, and they are leaked The central pipes are muffled.

The rows of radial openings in the central pipes with the lower ends terminated, distributed along the height of the pipes, distinguish the proposed reactor of heterogeneous catalysis or confined reactors.

The proposed reactor combines the advantages of tubular reactors with reactors with a cpetizer located on the shelves, each of which is supplied with fresh, unreacted (biphas) synthesis gas, which is controlled by an integral temperature and a high temperature reactor.

Figure 1 shows the principal section of the proposed reactor section; on .2 - section A-l cha fig 1.

Inside the casing 1, in the tube sheets 2, reaction tubes 3 are fixed. Central pipes 4 are installed along the axis of the reaction tubes.

at their height, annular rows of radial holes 5. The central pipes are equipped with centering spacers 6 and are plugged in the lower part with bottoms 7 The annular gaps between the radial and central pipes are filled with solid catalyst particles and form the reaction volume of the apparatus. The reactor is closed by an upper lid 8, which was made together with a pipe 9 for supplying fresh gas, a soft lid 10 with a pipe 11 and discharging reaction products. In the lower part of the reactor, a rigid gas-permeable partition 12 is fixed, which keeps the catalyst from spilling and the central pipes from vertical movement downwards. The cylindrical shell of the reactor vessel is equipped with nozzles 13 and 14, respectively, intended to enter the coolant in the annular space

5 reactor and for withdrawal from it.

During the operation of the reactor, fresh gas through pipe 9 enters under cover 8, from where its main mass enters directly into the reaction zone formed

0, the annular spaces between the pipes 3 and 4, and the other part through the pipes 4 through the radial holes 5 is fed into the catalytic volume at its different heights, mixed with "esthetically reacted

5 gas and enriches it with the initial components of the synthesis gas. Thus, at varying heights, the reactor levels are necessary to optimize the process

0 components in the material flow.

Depending on the technological process, the annular space of the reactor can be used to preheat fresh synsezine or to utilize the heat of reaction, for example, to produce steam.

The economic efficiency of the proposed reactor follows from its advantages and is determined by the increase in

0 the productivity of the reactor in the finished product due to the intensification of the process and reducing the cost of the reactor by simplifying the design and reducing metal consumption.

Claims (1)

5 claims A heterogeneous catalysis reactor that contains a housing with lids and nozzles of material streams, inside which reaction tubes with coaxially installed central tubes are fixed in tube sheets, and the ring plays between the reaction and central tubes are filled with particles of a solid catalyst. characterized in that in order to intensify the process it is simpler four b g P neither the design nor the metal consumption of the reactor, the central pipes are plugged at the ends along the gas and have annular rows of radial holes located at different levels along the height of the reactor 1 . ; .. 2 FIG, I 6 four