SU1668983A1 - Device for identification of centers of television picture elements - Google Patents

Abstract

This invention relates to technical cybernetics and can be used in sample recognition devices. The purpose of the invention is to improve the accuracy of the device by introducing a block of selection of image elements, four adders, two comparators and two shift registers, which allows improving the noise immunity of the device. 11 il.

Description

This invention relates to technical cybernetics, in particular, to pattern recognition devices.

The purpose of the invention is to improve the accuracy of the device.

FIG. 1 shows a diagram of the device; in fig. 2 shows the principle of selection in the aperture of the selection unit of the external circuit (B) and left (B1), right (B2), upper (GC) and lower (B / O semi-cathes; FIGS. 3 and 4) changes in comparator output signals in time the process of discrete aperture scanning of various figures of the television image along the raster row; in Fig. 5 —the image of the observed figure and its projection under the influence of the fluctuation noise of the television channel; in Fig. 6 — the diagram of the aperture generator; in Fig. 7 — the diagram of the selection unit; Fig. 8 is a logical element; Fig, 9 is a procedure in the selection of an isolated figure of a television image in a selection unit; Fig. 10 is a diagram of a control unit for an image boundary; Fig. 11 is a diagram of a presence analyzer having a center.

The device (Fig. 1) contains a quantization unit 1, an aperture shaper 2, a selection unit 3, an image boundary control unit 4, four adders 5, comparators 6i. 62, shift registers 7i and 72, center presence analysis block 8.

The shaper 2 apertures (Fig. 6) contains a group of shift registers 9, forming the aperture 10.

Block 3 selection (Fig. 7) contains the logical elements 11.

The logical element 11 (Fig. 8) contains the element OR 12 and the first element AND 13. The analyzer 8 having a center (Fig. 11) contains the element AND-OR 14 and the second element AND 15

The device works as follows.

The video signal U. formed by a progressive-raster image television sensor (not shown) is subjected to two amplitude quantization in the quantizer 1, so that the raster elements belonging to the object image are put in accordance with logical 1. and the rest (background) element

ABOUT

with

00

cho with

cops - logical O. The resulting video signal U1 is converted by the shaper of aperture 2 from a serial form to a parallel one. The combination of signals of this aperture of size mxm is conveniently represented as a square matrix.

,, m}. (1)

playing the role of a strobe, discretely scanning a television frame at the rate of its raster scan under the action of clock pulses Re. whose frequency is exactly equal to the frequency of the elements of the decomposition of the image in the line of the television raster.

 In each discrete scanning cycle, the selection unit 3 selects from the set of individual images contained in the imaging unit 2 only that which at the given time coincides with its center, which is equivalent to the transformation of matrix A into matrix

B {t; C 1, t}, (2)

differing from (1) only in the presence of zeros on the image elements that are not associated with the center of the aperture.

The peripheral elements of this matrix, which form its outer contour, are combined into a separate array of B, and in the inner region of the contour are selected Bi arrays. 62, Th, Vl. the output signals of which form the right, left, upper and lower half-blocks of the selection unit 3 (Fig. 2), respectively. In this case, in the case of odd m, the dead zone is entered in the form of a central row and a central column of elements whose output signals are not used in the future (hatching, Fig. 26). For odd m (Fig. 2a), this zone is absent.

The array, i-bi, 2, ...} is used to control the absence of the image of an object outside the aperture at the time of forming the center signal, for which the output signals bi, i, bi.2, ... its elements in block 4 calculate logical function

.i + bi.2 + ..., (3)

and the adders 5 count the number of logical units in each of the Bi ... BA arrays, and the binary numbers 2i ... b obtained in this case are compared in pairs 2i with Sz, 2z and Z in the comparators 6, which form et f I at their outputs ,; Zi:

62

fi,%

0. Ј:

fi JO

fi, 0, s, 2i;

-jl,

Co ..

From the patterns, the ei and 62 signals vary over time during a continuous scan of various images (with an area of 4 and 2 samples) along the line

raster size and it can be seen that when the center of the aperture passes through the center of the image of the object, the signal ei changes from 1 to O, and the signal er from O to 1, and between these changes

5 one clock cycle with a value may be present (Fig. For and Fig. 46). Therefore, if we use the signals ei and ei, obtained from the signal ei by delaying it, respectively, by one and two cycles, then the signal

0 Ob from the center of the image on the line can be formed using the combinational digital automaton according to the algorithm

US eG1 62-LET2 eG1 62. (4)

In a similar way from the signals of s and

C) an image center signal is generated over the frame:

a e4 + eG2 64, (5) where ez and ez are the signals received by delaying ez by one and two lines, respectively. The signal w of the center of the image simultaneously in a row and a frame, with the additional condition of not leaving it outside the aperture, is obtained by a logical alternation of signals, e0

sh a hell e0 (6)

The delay of signals in the proposed device is carried out respectively by the shift registers 71 and 2,

0 clocked by the same pulses Re, as the former 2 apertures.

The output signal e0 of block 4, the output signals of 62 and e adders 5 and the signals eG1, eG1, eG2,. shift registers

5 7i and 2 are used in block 8 to generate an image center signal using formulas (4) - (6).

As an example (Fig. 5), images of the same object are shown, captured in six consecutive television frames (, 26) within

apertures 8x8 elements in size. At the same time, due to the fluctuating noise of the television channel, each of the following

5, the five images differ from the first one in any one of their own elements, which leads to fluctuations in the sizes of their projections on the horizontal and vertical coordinate axes, shown (Fig. 5) around

each of the apertures in the form of an extra row below and an extra column on the right. By direct calculation of the areas Zi ... 24 fragments of these images that fall on different semi-strokes in the current and subsequent cycles of each frame, the signals "Jt and a in all six cases considered are formed in the same cycle, and temporary signal fluctuations ø of the center of the figure calculated by formula (6) are absent.

An aperture shaper 1 with the size of mxm elements is made of a discrete delay line with taps (Fig. 6) formed by a series connection m of shift registers 9 controlled by clock pulses Ree equal to the frequency of the elements of the decomposition of the image in the line of the television raster (clock circuit is not shown) the cells of each of the first t-1 registers are equal to the number N of decomposition elements in a row, which ensures the in-phase, raster scan of the image, the movement of information over their cells .

The first m cells of each of these registers, together with the m cells of the last, t-th register (Fig. 6, dashed line), form the actual aperture 10 of size mxm, from the outputs of the cells of which signals (1), which correspond to elements of the fragment inscribed in this aperture, are removed in parallel images. Each pulse of the clock frequency shifts the information in the aperture 10 by one position to the left, so the aperture discretely (in batches) scans the field of a television frame line by line from left to right at the rate of its raster scan.

Block 3 of the selection is formed by a set of the same type of logic elements 11 combinational digital automata, each of which implements a function at its output

(j + i + bi-11 i + bi + i, j + + bm j + i4bi jn + bi-1 i Hbi-1 j-ibi-i-i), (7) where c and Uij are strobe and tuning signals (ij) -ro element 11

When with 1 and U ,, - 1 from (7) follows

B ,, a ,,. (8)

That is, the corresponding element 11 simply transfers the state of the element aij of block 2 to the output bij of block 3 of the selection.

When c 1 and Uij-O from (7) follows) (bi.j i + bi + i j-i + BM j + bi-n.j + n + b, + nbi-ij-n + bi-1 j + bi-1., - 1), (9)

those. output bi | Selection block 3 is excited (is in state 1) only when the corresponding

it has the element afj of block 2 and at the same time at least one of the adjacent outputs of the block 3 of selection.

The selection effect is manifested in the fact that, according to (8) and (9), the elements bij with the tuning signals when function as sources, from which the excitation is successively distributed throughout all the other elements of the selection unit 3. This excitation does not capture those elements of this block, which correspond to the unexcited elements of block 2, or which are completely isolated from the sources of excitation by intermediate unexcited elements 1. In this case, a simplified representation of the formula (7) in the form

0

five

0

five

0

five

0

five

(u + 2)) s). s 1

where b is the output signal of an arbitrary element 11 of the selection unit 3;

a is the output signal of the corresponding element of block 2;

{bs: s 1,8} - output signals of elements of the selection block 3, adjacent to the element b, numbered in the counterclockwise direction, starting from the adjacent left;

c and U are the strobe and tuning signals of the element b.

The tuning input of the central element of the selection unit 3 is connected to the source of logical 1, and the tuning inputs of its other elements are supplied with voltage O. As a result, the selection unit 3 selects only that from all isolated figures of the television image within the aperture. which is associated with the center of the aperture (Fig. 9) for. The selected figure is represented by the output signals of the selection unit 3, which together form the signal matrix (2).

The strobe pulses c are formed from clock pulses (the formation circuit is not shown) and are used to block the elements 11 of the selection unit 3 (FIG. 8) for the duration of the transients in the scanning logical aperture unit 2 that occur at the beginning of each clock cycle.

Block 4 is a combinational digital automaton (Fig. 10) that generates a signal whenever, during the discrete scanning process of a full telepision frame, by an aperture 10 (Fig. 6), the peripheral region B of the matrix B of the selection unit 3 is free of any there were signals (all elements of this area are in the state O). This situation arises as

when the image of the object is entirely in the internal area of matrix B, and in the absence of images within this matrix.

A multi-input combinational adder 5 in the general case may contain several summation steps performed on single-bit and multi-bit binary adders.

Claims (1)

Claims An apparatus for isolating television image pattern centers comprising a quantizing unit connected in series, the input of which is the device input, and an aperture former, an image boundary control unit, a selection unit and a center analysis unit, the output of which is an apparatus that, in order to improve the accuracy of the device, it contains four adders, two comparators and two shift registers, the information inputs of which are connected to the first outputs of the first and the second comparator, respectively, the inputs of the first comparator are connected to the outputs of the first and second the adders, the inputs of the second comparator are connected to the outputs of the third and fourth adders, the output of the aperture former is connected to the information input of the image element selection unit, the output of which is connected to the inputs of the first, second, third and fourth adders and to the input of the control unit of the image boundary, the output of which is connected to the first input of the center presence analysis unit, the second outputs of the first and second comparators are connected to the second and third inputs of the center presence analysis unit, outputs the first and second shift registers are connected to the fourth and fifth inputs of the center presence analysis unit, the clock inputs of the aperture former and the pixel selection unit are the second and third inlets rows device. 1. AT. in at  s -at, but ФЈ / 5.А but g P- / -g -U 5 III | M INI in W M m IHi.VFV7 P FIG. 4. s FIG. five. with so ABOUT) with Ј (C I 0 ъ 3 e O) SP oo with you FIG. 7 Qua. eight. / mt at 9 FIG. W., |