SU1661907A1 - Device for preventing inverse connection of battery in vehicle circuit - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the electrical equipment of vehicles, mainly trucks and buses, and more specifically to power supply devices. The aim of the invention is to increase the reliability of the device. The purpose of the invention is achieved by introducing an energy storage device 9, a relay 11 that functions as a memory element, and a switch 10. When the battery is removed from the car, the contacts of switch 10 are closed and, if for some reason the driver forgot to disconnect the ground , triggered by the discharge current of the capacitor 9 of the relay 11, causing the operation of the contactor 5 and the opening of its contacts 6, which leads to the disconnection of the "ground". 4 il.

Description

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The invention relates to the field of electrical equipment of vehicles, mainly trucks and buses, namely, devices for power supply,

The purpose of the invention is to increase the reliability of the device.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the device; in fig. 2 is a kinematic diagram of the interaction of the limit switch with the battery case; in fig. 3 shows a variant of a device with a memory element based on a thyristor controlled by an anode; in fig. 4 shows a device with a memory element based on a thyristor with cathode control and an inverter based on an optocoupler.

The device (Fig. 1) contains two terminals for connecting a battery: terminal 1 for connecting a minus circuit and terminal 2 for connecting a positive circuit, a diode 3, a switch 4, a contactor 5 with a counting trigger function, the executive contacts 6 of which are connected between terminal 1 and vehicle assembly 7 (mass), and winding 8 is connected in series with diode 3 and switch 4 between terminals 1 and 2, energy storage 9 (capacitor), one of the terminals of which is connected to terminal 1, and the second output is connected to limit switch 10 connect connected to a memory element made on an electromechanical relay 11 with two closing contacts 12 and 13 and a winding 14, one output of which is connected to the mass 7, and the second is connected via terminal switch 10 and the switching diode 15 to 12 is connected between terminal 1 and mass 7, and contact 13 between winding 8 and the common point of accumulator 9 and diode 15. The battery 16 is connected between terminals 1 and 2, and generator 17 is connected between positive terminal 2 and mass 7.

The circuit in FIG. 2 contains the actuator (pusher) 18 of the limit switch 10, the housing 19 of the battery 16, the seat 20 on which the housing 19 of the battery 16 is installed, which interacts with the actuator 18 of the switch 10 in such a way that when the battery is installed In the battery 16, the contacts of the switch 10 are open, and when the battery is removed, the 16 contacts of the switch 10 are closed. Contactor 5 is made with a mechanism for fixing contacts 6 in closed and open positions; Switching contacts 6 from one position to another occurs when a voltage pulse of a certain duration is applied to the winding 8, which corresponds to the function of the counting trigger. Switch 4 is made with non-fixed contacts.

FIG. 3 a variant of the device differs from that shown in FIG. 1 in that instead of the relay 11 (FIG. 1) it uses a thyristor 21 controlled by an anode, the control electrode of which through a series-connected limit switch 10 and a resistor 22 is connected to the mass 7, the anode thyristor 21 is connected to the cathode of the diode 15, and its cathode with a winding 8 relay 5.

FIG. 4, in the device version, optocoupler 23 is used instead of relay 11, the anode of LED 24 of which is connected to collector of phototransistor 25 and anode of thyristor 21 and through limit switch 10 to cathode of diode 15, cathode of LED 24 is connected to ground 7, and emitter of phototransistor 25 through a resistor 22 with a thyristor control electrode 21, the remaining connections are similar to those in FIG. one.

The device (Fig. 1) works as follows.

After connecting the leads of the battery 16 to the terminals and 2, the capacitor 9 starts charging along the circuit + battery, terminal 2, diode 15, capacitor 9, terminal 1, - the battery. The battery 16 is connected to the mass 7 by pressing the switch 4, the current flows from the clamp 2 through the diode 3, the switch 4, the winding 8, the clamp 1. The contactor 5 is activated, its contacts 5 are closed and held in the closed position by the locking mechanism; disconnecting the battery is done by pressing the switch again.

To remove the battery 16 from the car for repair or maintenance work, its terminals are disconnected from terminals 1 and 2, the housing 19 is removed from the seat 20, which leads to the release of the actuator 18 of the switch 10, the contacts of which are closed. If the driver has previously disconnected the mass, i.e. the contacts 6 of the contactor 5 are in the open state, nothing will change in the circuit. If, for any reason, the driver forgot to disconnect the ground and the contacts 6 of the contactor 5 are closed, then at the time of closing the contacts of switch 10 a discharge circuit of capacitor 9 is formed: capacitor 9, contacts of switch 10, winding 14 of relay 11, car body, closed contacts 6 contactor 5, capacitor 9. A current begins to flow through this circuit, relay 11 operates, both contacts close, forming contact 12 to duplicate the supply circuit of winding 14 of relay 11, and contact 13 of supply circuit by winding 8 of contactor 5 from capacitor 9. Thus, condensate p 9 starts to pcr at once in two chains: the first is formed by the winding 14 of the relay 11 and the closed contact 12, and the second closed by the contact 13 and the winding 8 of the contactor 5. The capacitance of the capacitor 9 is chosen so that it is enough to support in both x current sufficient to operate the relay 11 and keep its contacts in a closed state until the contactor 5 trips and opens its contacts 6. Circuit: capacitor 9, contact 12, winding 14 — is necessary to maintain the winding 14 of relay 11 under current, since the beginning of p Azmykan contacts 6 of the contactor 5 the original power supply circuit of the winding 14 of the relay 11 is terminated.

After the contactor 5 opens its contacts 6, the current in both circuits, as the capacitor 9 is discharged, will decrease until its magnitude becomes insufficient to keep the winding 14-relay 11 contacts 12 and 13 in the closed state . Pins 12 and 13 are open and winding 14 of relay 11 is de-energized.

Thus, even if the driver, removing the battery 16 from the car, forgot to disconnect the mass, the proposed device will do it for him.

Upon subsequent installation of the battery, in the case of the inverse connection of its leads to terminals 1 and 2, there is no short circuit in the generator circuit 17, since the contacts 6, as shown above, are in the open position, and when the switch 4 is pressed by the driver the circuit of the winding 8 does not leak due to the presence of diode 3.

The presence of two diodes (3 and 15) is necessary to prevent the inadvertent closure of contact 6 when the driver removed the battery 7 from the car after disconnecting ground 7 and then accidentally pressed switch 4,

The device of FIG. 3 works as follows.

After connecting the leads of the battery 16 to the terminals 1 and 2, the capacitor 9 starts charging along the circuit: + battery, clip 2, diode 15, capacitor 9, clip 1, - the battery. The battery 16 is connected to the mass 7 by pressing the switch 4, the current flows from the clamp 2 through the diode 3, the switch 4. the winding 8, the clamp 1. The contactor 5 operates, its contacts 6 are closed and held in the closed position by the locking mechanism; The battery is disconnected by pressing the switch 4 again.

To remove the battery 16

0 from a vehicle for repair or maintenance work, its terminals are disconnected from terminals 1 and 2; The housing 19 is removed from the seat 20, which causes the drive 18 to free up the 5 bodies 10, the contacts of which are closed. If for any reason the driver forgot to disconnect the mass 7 and the contacts 6 of the contactor 5 are closed, then at the moment of closing the contacts of the switch 10 to the control

0, the thyristor electrode 21 is supplied from accumulator 9 through the mass 7 of the unlocking potential, the accumulator 9 is discharged through the thyristor 21 and the winding 8, as a result of which the contacts 6 are opened,

5 Upon subsequent installation of the battery 16, in the case of the inverse connection of its terminals to the terminals 1 and 2, there is no short circuit in the generator circuit 17, since the contacts 6, as

0 is shown above, is in the open position, and when the driver presses the switch 4, the current in the winding circuit 8 does not flow due to the presence of diode 3.

The device of FIG. 4 works as follows.

When the battery 16 is removed and the contacts 10 are closed, if the contacts 6 are in the closed position, the current from the capacitor 9 flows through the LED 24 of the optocoupler 23 and from its output through the resistor 22 the unlocking potential is supplied to the thyristor 21, which opens and the capacitor 9 is discharged through the switch 10 and the thyristor 21 to the winding 8, in

As a result, the contactor 5 is activated and the contacts 6 open.

Therefore, the energy stored in the accumulator 9 is used to automatically open the contacts 6 of the contactor.

0 5 when removing the battery. Therefore, during subsequent installation of the battery 14, in the case of incorrect (inverse) connection of its leads, as was shown above, it is impossible to connect it to the electrical network, which prevents the occurrence of a short circuit during polarity reversal.

Thus, the advantage of the device in comparison with the known one is that in case of a serious road accident.

for example, when turning the car over, the actuator 18 of the switch 10 is released, the contacts of the switch 12 are closed and the battery of the battery is automatically disconnected from the electrical system, which increases the safety of the car.

Claims (1)

Apparatus of the Invention A device for blocking an inverse connection of a battery to a vehicle electrical network, comprising a contactor, the first winding terminal of which has a terminal for connecting to the battery minus and connected to the first terminal of its closing contact, the second terminal of which has a terminal for connecting to the boring network minus and the vehicle body, a diode, a first switch with a closing contact, the first terminal of which is connected to the second terminal of the contactor winding, and the second connected to the cathode of the diode, characterized in that, in order to increase reliability, an additional energy storage, a memory element and a second switch with a break contact are added to it, while the anode of the diode has a terminal for connecting to the positive battery battery and the vehicle electrical network, and the cathode is connected to the first output of the energy storage device and the first output of the disconnecting contact of the second switch, the second output of which is connected to the second output of the contactor winding, the first Odom switching contact of the first switch and the first terminal of the memory element, the second terminal of which is connected to a first terminal of the contactor coil, the second terminal of the energy accumulator is connected to the second terminal of the make contact of the contactor, 1 Fig 5 To generator and. 54