SU1658843A1 - Stone picking machine - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of agricultural machinery, in particular to the design of machines for cleaning stones from the topsoil. The purpose of the invention is to reduce the energy intensity of the process. The machine contains a frame 1 on which the working body is fixed in the form of a plow 2. It is placed so that the dump surface 3 feeds the soil into the bar drum 4 mounted on frame 1 across the direction of movement. The ends 6 and 7 of the drum are radial arms 8 connected by semi-axes 5 to the frame. On the outer surface of the drum, there are pochaints 9, and on the inner surface, a screw blade 10, moving the separable mass to the end 7. On the shaft 11, hammers 12 are mounted, which freely rotate on it. A scraper is placed on the end 7 side, the blade 14 of which is directed against the rotation of the drum surface. The drum may be provided with an asterisk 15 for forced rotation. Rolling over the ground, the drum rotates. The soil inside it gradually moves from the plowshare to the output end due to the auger surface and is brought out with a scraper. 3 hp ff, 2 ill. & J

Description

The invention relates to the field of agricultural engineering, in particular to the construction of machines for cleaning stones from the topsoil.

The purpose of the invention is to reduce the energy intensity of the process.

FIG. 1 is a side view of a stone harvesting machine; in fig. 2 - the same. front view.

The stone-harvesting machine contains a frame 1 on which a picking-up working body is fixed — a plow 2 with a moldboard surface 3 located in the cavity of the separating drum 4, which is installed perpendicular to the direction of movement.

cars. The drum 4 is attached to the frame 1 by means of the half-axles 5, fastened on one side to the frame 1. and on the other, connected to the ends of the drum. The end 6 close to the plow and the far end 7 can be made in the form of brackets 8 radially located between the drum and the semi axes 5 of both ends.

On the outer surface of the drum 4, there are pochaints 9, and on the inner side, at least one screw (auger) blade 10 is mounted, mounted in such a way that when the machine moves forward, the separable mass moves toward the end 7, the furthest from the plow.

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Similarly, can be oriented and the plane of the brackets 8.

Between the semi-axles 5 of both ends 6 and 7 of the drum are mounted on the shaft 11 of the hammer 12, having the possibility of rotation. The maximum radius of installation of hammers 12 is less than the minimum radius of the inner screw surface.

On the frame 1, on the side of the end 7 (exit of the stones), a scraper 13 is installed, the blade of which is placed in the lower part of the drum 4, for which the screw surface is not made along the entire length of the drum. The blade 14 of the scraper 13 is directed in the direction opposite to the direction of rotation of the drum.

The machine can be equipped with a device 15 for forcibly rotating a drum, made, for example, in the form of a chain transmission connected to a drive. for example, a hydraulic motor.

The machine works as follows.

At the entrance to the pen, the plow 2 is immersed in the soil at a predetermined depth. The drum 4, resting on the soil, is driven to rotate as the machine moves. Simultaneously with the drum, the screw surface (propeller blade) also rotates. 10. Soil with stones comes from the blade into the cavity of drum 4. Brackets 8 at end 6, developed similarly to the screw surface, promote crushing of the soil at the entrance to the drum. The absence of an active drum drive eliminates the possibility of soil jamming with stones in the drive elements. In the process of rotation of the drum 4, there is an intensive mixing and crushing of the soil, the release of stones. The soil is gradually sifted through the lattice surface of the drum, and the stones move under the action of the auger inner surface along the drum to the end 7, lifting the lattice wall to a certain height and rolling down the turns of the auger surface. Freely swinging hammers 12 contribute to more intensive crushing of soil lumps by chaotic collision with them at the moment of raising, falling and rolling lumps.

The stones moved to the end 7 of the drum are pushed by the blades of the brackets 8. To intensify this process, there is a scraper 13, which with its cutting edge (blade) 14 directed against the movement of the drum and installed in the zone of the largest accumulation of stone mass, contributes to a more rapid and complete withdrawal stones from the drum and can serve to guide the stones to

loading conveyor or storage hopper.

If necessary, in the case of technology, when the stones are removed from the arable horizon and placed in rolls for their subsequent selection, a semi-automatic scraper can be installed on the machine frame to shift the formed roll of stones to the roll formed during the previous pass.

To increase the traction qualities of the tractor unit, the drum 4 can be equipped with an active drive. In this case, the drum can operate in the mode of pushing, thereby unloading the drive of the power means and increasing the throughput of the unit.

Additionally, tires with starvers can be installed along the edges of the drum. In this case, the drum will be located above the soil surface, which will contribute to better soil penetration through the drum grilles and separation of the incoming mass.

Thus, the use of this device improves the quality of separation, improves the energy performance of the stone harvesting machine by reducing the energy consumption for separation and improves the throughput of the entire unit.

In addition, this construction can be used as a harvesting machine for extracting root-tuber crops from soil. For this, the inner surface of the drum and the screw are covered with an elastic material.

Claims (4)

1. A stone-harvesting machine, including a frame, picking up a working body, a hollow rod separating drum with pick-ups, fixed to the frame by semi-axes and installed perpendicular to the direction of movement from two ends, in order to reduce the energy intensity of the technological process, picking up the working body provided with a waste surface directed into the cavity of the separating drum, on the inner surface of which at least one screw blade is made, installed with the possibility of lifting and shifting the separation of the mass to the opposite end of the separating drum from the organ that is selected. 2. The machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the ends of the separating drum are made in the form of radially mounted brackets, the surface of which is developed in a manner similar to a helical blade. 3. The machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, in order to improve the removal of stones from the cavity of the separating drum, a scraper with a helical surface is installed on the frame in the cavity of the separating drum at its opposite pick-up working member, and the scraper blade is located in the lower part the separating drum, free from the helical blade, and directed towards the rotation of the separating drum. 4. Machine pop, 1, characterized in that, in order to increase the maneuverability, the machine is equipped with a mechanism for forcing the rotation of the separating drum. drw / w / # / w # // j WJPWW # / w / r / # / # // # / Jw 1 15 / // 7 /////// // ///////////////.; : .-. /; Compiled by Yu, Titarenko Editor T. Pilipenko Tehred M. MorgentalKorrektor Kolb Order 1789 Circulation 416 Subscription VNIIPI State Committee for Inventions and Openings under the State Committee on Science and Technology of the USSR 113035, Moscow, Zh-35, 4/5 Raushsk Nab. Yu  ; : .-. /; Fig 2 7 / J7Jr Titarenko talcorrector t. Kolb