SU1647336A1 - Bench for testing motor graders - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a test technique and allows the operator to expand the operational capabilities of the test grader and accelerate the test of the latter during acceptance control. The stand contains blocks (B) of cross-country drums placed on each wheel module. The loading mechanism has an electropneumatic control and is installed with the ability to interact with the skeleton vertically, passing in the zone of the center of mass, or with an autoheater, nuclear blade. The input shafts B of the kinematic synchronization are connected with the output shafts B of the running drums, and the output shafts are connected with the input shafts of the inertia B. The output shafts of the inertia B are connected to the input shafts B of the controlled hydraulic loaders. The information and control system has sensors for monitoring the parameters of the grader, information boards, a computer, and measuring and control B. The recording equipment is connected to one of the computer outputs. The inputs of the measuring control unit B are connected to the outputs of the sensors controlling the parameters of the grader and to another output of the computer. The outputs of the information controller B are connected to the input of the computer, from the board, to the control elements B of the hydraulic loaders with drives of the loading mechanism and moving platforms installed in the traveling beams. The gauge unit is made of hydraulic cylinders (HZ) with a hydraulic distributor. It is adapted to communicate the HZ cavities with the pressure and discharge lines. The bench ensures that the test program of the vehicle is carried out in strict sequence. In the process of testing, information is collected and processed automatically. 5 hp f-ly, 5 ill. “O (L O Ј J SO Stock Ze

Description

The invention relates to testing equipment and to be used in testing motor graders.

The aim of the invention is to expand the operational capabilities of the stand and accelerate testing of the grader during acceptance control.

FIG. 1 shows a stand, a general view; FIG. 2 - the same, top view; in fig. 3 is a kinematic diagram of the step; FIG. 4 is a hydraulic diagram of the stand; FIG. 5 is a pneumatic scheme of the stand.

i

Grader Test Stand,

including frame and dump, contains frame 1 with travel beams 2S, limiters 3 and 4 of the longitudinal and transverse movement of the grader. On frame 1, wheel modules 5 are mounted for fitting each wheel of a 6th motor grader. The stand has a traction force measuring device 7 installed with the ability to interact with the blade 8 of the grader, placed in the travel beams 2 movable platforms 9 with hydraulic cylinders 10 moving them, having electro-hydraulic control and recording equipment 11, made in the form of a printing device. The stand is equipped with 5 blocks of 12 running drums placed on each wheel module, blocks of 13 controlled electrohydraulic hydraulic loaders, inertial blocks 14, block 15 of kinematic synchronization, loading mechanism 16 and information control system. The block 15 is connected by input shafts to the output shafts of blocks 12, and the output shafts of block 15 is connected to the input shafts of blocks 14, the output shafts of which are connected to the input shafts of blocks 13. Mechanism 16 is driven by electropneumatic control and is installed with a frame a vertical motor grader passing in the center of the mass grader. The information control system has sensors 17 for monitoring the parameters of the grader, information board 18, computer 19 and measuring and control unit 20. Computer 19 is connected to recording equipment by one output, the other output of which is connected to input of measuring control unit 20. The inputs of the block 20 are also connected to the outputs of the sensors 17. The outputs of the block 20 are connected to the input of the computer 19, to the information board 18, to the electrical elements of the control of the blocks 13, to the drive of the loading mechanism 16 and to the drive of the mobile platforms 9.

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The device 7 for measuring the thrust force is made of the traction hydraulic cylinders 21, the pressure and discharge hydraulic lines 22 and 23, the electrohydraulic distributor 24 and the hydraulic frames 7.5 connected to the working cavity of the hydraulic cylinders 12 and the hydraulic distributor 24. The electrohydraulic distributor 24 is designed to messages in the working positions of its spool, the cavities of the traction hydraulic cylinders 21 with the pressure and drain hydrolines 22 and 23.

The stand is provided with arcuate guides 26 placed in the front part of the frame 1 of the stand in a horizontal plane with an arc center located on the longitudinal axis of the stand, with a movable carriage 27s installed in the arcuate guides 26 with the possibility of its symmetrical movement to both sides of the longitudinal axis of the stand, and an electrically controlled trolley assembly 28 on the longitudinal axis of the stand associated with the measurement control unit 20.

The measuring and control unit 20 is equipped with a closing contact 29 of the control unit and a control unit and a switch 30 for the operating mode of the information control system with automatic control for manual control.

Block 15 kinematic synchronization is made in the form of private gears. The blocks 13 are controlled: the drive units are made of communicative hydraulic rolls 31 to 32 pumps 33 and electrically-controlled adjustable gkdroklapak 34 and 35 s sequentially interconnected,

The loading mechanism 16 is made in the form of a set of rpysoBj and the drive is made of pneumocycle III. In 36 unilateral actions, installed with the possibility of interaction of their rods with a set of loads in the process of loading, electropneumatic distributor

37 and a one-way adjustable pneumatic distributor 38 connected to the working cavity of the pneumatic straps 36 and to an electropneumatic distributor 37 capable of communicating the working cavities of the pneumatic straps 36 in the middle position of its spool 36 through a one-way pneumatic throttle

38 with an atmosphere.

In the loading mechanism 16 is made a hole for the capture of cargo

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Technological hook 39 installed on the body of the auto-grader and on its blade 8. The movable platforms 9 are moved by hydraulic cylinders 10 in the guides 40. The hydraulic cylinders 10 are powered from the pump

41 through electrohydraulic distributors

42 and 43 and one-way adjustable throttles 44. The controlled hydraulic loaders are powered from the pump 45. The hydraulic loaders are disconnected from the stand by pneumatic cylinders 46 controlled by an electric pneumatic distributor 47. The kinematic synchronization unit 15 consists of cylindrical gears

48 and bevel gears 49, kinematically coupled to each other.

Stand for testing graders works as follows.

In accordance with a predetermined test algorithm embedded in the form of a program in computer 19, on the command from unit 20 on the information board 18, the inscription “Entry” is lit. The driver-controlled motor grader enters the travel beams 2 and stops by the front wheels 6 on the mobile platforms 9 by a Stop command, which is realized by a signal from the sensor 17 connected to the mobile platform 9.

At the same time, block 20 issues a command to start pump 41. After the grader stops on platforms 9 from block 20, a command is issued to turn on the electrohydraulic distributor 42, and on the display 18 appears the front axle to the right. Lev along the grader, platform 9 rises with hydraulic cylinder 10, and a change occurs in the angle of inclination of the grader’s front axle in the transverse vertical plane of the latter. If the front axle is correctly assembled, then when tilting it at a given angle, both front wheels do not detach from the supporting surface. If the angle of inclination of the front axle is less than the specified one, then at the calculated lifting height of the platform 9 under the left front wheel 6, the right front wheel 6 will detach from the right platform 9, which will be fixed by the sensor 17. Information about tearing off the wheel from the bearing surface from the sensor enters the unit 20 and computer 19, in memory of which is a temple

Nits is the value given by technical conditions (TU) of the angle of inclination of the front axle. In block 20, the actual value of the tilt angle is compared with the set point and the comparison results are transmitted to computer 19, which analyzes them and sends a command to the printer 11. If the actual tilt angle of the front axle is equal to or greater than the set one, the printer will print in the acceptance test report. Since the angle of inclination5 is less than the specified one, then the printout of the protocol for the Wits record does not correspond to the specifications. In the event that the monitored parameter is as specified, block 20 gives the command

0 to an electro-hydraulic distributor 42, the spool of which is switched to a position which ensures the lowering of the left platform 9 to the initial position. The left platform 9 smoothly descends to its original position by throttling the working fluid on the throttle 44. Next, block 20 commands the electrohydraulic distributor 43 to turn on to the position ensuring the raising of the right platform 9, and the front axle is displayed on the display and tilt control The bridge to the left is the same as klk and when tilted to the right. If the angle of inclination of the bridge to the right does not correspond to the given one, then the following commands to control the elements of the stand and the scoreboard are not given. In this case, depending on the specific production conditions, it may be decided to stop the tests and send the motor grader to the workshop to eliminate the malfunction or to continue the tests with the subsequent elimination of all the malfunctions identified during the tests. In order to continue testing after an identified malfunction, the engine grader must press the button (not shown) of the portable control panel in the cabin associated with the computer 19, the program of which, in the event of such treatment, applies the command to perform the following type of test. This applies to all subsequent video.

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The next type of test is to check the swing angles of the balance trolley. To do this, the Forward command appears on the scoreboard 18, and after the front wheels of the balance trolley hit the platforms 9, the Stop command appears on the scoreboard. Further, due to the inclusion of both electro-distributors 42 and 43, both platforms are simultaneously lifted 9. The compliance with the setpoint is monitored by means of sensors 17 against the rear wheels of the balance trolley. On the board 18, the inscription “Tilting the balance bar back” is lit. “After returning the cart to its original position, the board 18 appears on the command from block 20. The driver of the grader advances him until the rear wheels of the balance trolley hit the platforms 9. After the command on the scoreboard 18 Stop and stop the grader, the team goes to lift the platform 9 while simultaneously writing on the scoreboard Tilt the balancer forward. Control of the angle of tilt of the balance of the siren cart the target value is produced by tearing off the front stake of the balance trolley.

After returning the platforms 9 to the initial position according to the program from the computer 19, block 20 receives commands to the driver Entry to the running drums and Lift the attachments. Simultaneously, from block 20, commands are received to turn on the make-up pump 45 and the electropneumatic distributor 47 to activate 46 cylinders of clutches of pumps 33 by means of blocks 13 of controlled hydraulic loaders with inertial blocks 14. An autograder with a raised attachment (not to damage the components and equipment installed on the stand) ) enters the blocks

12 running drums. After entering the grader in accordance with the program, a command is issued to turn on the electromagnets of hydraulic valves 34 and 35, and the electromagnets are turned on in various combinations, which correspond to different loading conditions of pumps 33 blocks

13controlled hydraulic loaders. The driver of the motor-runner with the engine running with different fuel supply switches gears on commands from the scoreboard 18, the wheels 6 of the motor grader rotate blocks 12 and through block 15 kin

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Mathematical synchronization rotates with the same frequency inertial blogs 14 and pump shafts 33. Each of the three pumps 33, depending on the direction of rotation, delivers working fluid to hydraulic valves 34, a. then to hydrovalves 35.

Depending on the setting value of the hydraulic valves 34 and 35 and their state (open or closed), each block 15 has its own moment of resistance to the motion of the grader. This moment, with the appropriate selection of hydraulic valves 34 and 35 and the working volumes of pumps 33, can gradually change the load on the transmission of the grader from 0 to 100%. Thus, the running mode of the motor grader is performed in accordance with a given test program. At the same time. On the board 18, at certain intervals specified by the timer, the commands for the First running mode, the Second running mode, etc. are displayed.

After completion of the run-in on the board 18, a command appears to the machinist. The end of the run-in, and on the stand comes the command to turn off the blocks of 13 hydraulic loaders. After the blocks of 13 hydraulic loaders are disconnected in accordance with the program, the driver’s team is successively highlighted on the board 18 to check the speed of the motor grader forwards and backwards on all gears. The magnitudes of gears are measured by speed sensors 17 mounted on the shafts of the cross-country drums. In order to avoid the exit of the motor grader from the blocks 12 of the running drums, the blade 8 descends and rests against the 3 g limit stop.

After measuring the speeds of movement, the runout path of the grader is determined. For this, the motor grader is accelerated to speed 30 and the gear shift lever is turned into neutral. Sensor 17 records the beginning of the slow motion of the auto raider, and the number of revolutions of the cross-country reels determines the path of the grader to its complete stop.

Thus, the main and backup braking of the grader is checked with the difference that after reaching a speed of 30 km / h

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presses the brake pedal. In the first case, the Vygeg command appears on the scoreboard 18, in subsequent cases the Main braking and Standby braking.

The next operation in accordance with the test algorithm is to check the folding angle of the frame for graders with articulated frames. For this, the dozer blade of the motor grader rests on the mobile carriage 27 and the front axle of the motor grader is hung out. The electropneumatic distributor 37 from block 20 receives a signal to turn on its spool in the middle position. The working cavity of the pneumatic cylinder of the fixing assembly 28 is in communication with the atmosphere and the pneumatic cylinder rod is pulled in and the mobile carriage 27 is released. The display 18 shows the message Frame folding. The driver controls the folding of the frame, while the trolley 27 moves with the grader's frame along the rails 26 and the angle of folding of the frame is controlled by means of the displacement sensor 17.

After checking the folding angle of the frame, the electropneumatic distributor 37 switches to the right position and checks the movements of the dozer blade and the ripper, and during the posting of the motor grader on this equipment, the leakage of the corresponding hydraulic cylinders of the working equipment is determined by the hydraulic system.

At the end of these operations, a command is received to turn on the block 13 hydraulic loaders in order to prevent the running drums from turning when the motor grader leaves. On board 18, a command appears to the driver back. The grader with a raised blade 8 slides onto frame 1 and, with the manipulator blade 8, rests against the pulling force measuring device 7, while the technological hook 39 enters the cargo take-up hole made in the loading mechanism 16.

After installation by a command from block 20 (by a command embedded in computer 19), the rods of the hydraulic cylinders 21 are in the middle position (by including in one of the working positions

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The electrohydrodistribution 24, followed by moving its spool to the neutral position, the display 18 shows the inscription Stokannyi brakes. The driver turns on the parking brakes and after a certain period of time the electrohydraulic distributor 24 is turned into a position in which the pressure of the hydroline 22 communicates with the piston cavities of the traction hydraulic cylinders 21, while in the piston cavities the pressure rises to the amount of movement of the autograder from the seat ( turning the wheels 5). This moment is noted by the wheel rotation sensor 17 (or the longitudinal movement of the auto preheater) and at the same time the pressure is recorded in the piston cavities of the hydraulic towers 20 cylinders 21 by pressure sensors 17. The program of the computer 19 incorporates recalculation of the pressure to the force on the rods and then to the rolling up force corresponding to a certain inclination angle. By calculating the tilt angle of the autotrender at which the latter begins to move, the computer compares the obtained value with the specified one and issues 11 commands to the remote control to print out whether the monitored parameter corresponds to the specified one. The hydraulic cylinder rods 21 are shifted to the middle position, and the valve of the electrohydraulic distributor 24 is converted to neutral. Then the computer 19 through block. 20 gives the command to perform subsequent operations in accordance with the program. On the display 18, the inscription Disconnect one hundred night brakes is displayed, and after a certain period of time - Maximum ton ha. At this command, the driver turns on the first forward gear (while

with technological hook 39 enters 4b

gearing with loading mechanism

16) and at the maximum fuel supply to the engine, the blade 8 rests on the device 7 for measuring the thrust TQ force. According to the pressure in the piston cavities, the thrust r and the cylinders 21, locked with hydraulic locks 25, the thrust force is measured. If a motor grader wheels slip, and the actual drag force does not reach the target, this means that either the motor grader’s traction characteristics do not match the target, or the wheels are not sufficiently coupled

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surface (e.g., as a result of oiling or soiling). In this case, the computer 19, having analyzed the situation, through the block 20, gives the command to switch the main distributor 37 from the previously turned-on gravity position of its spool to the right position. At the same time, the air from the working cavities of the pneumatic cylinders 36 is slowly vented through the pneumatic throttle 38 into the atmosphere and the loads of the loading mechanism are gradually lowered, pressing the autograder to the bearing surface. As a result, the coupling properties of the grader increase, and the grader either develops the required traction or kills the engine, indicating a lack of tension. Engine killing is controlled by the drop in the rotational speed of its crankshaft. The whole operation of measuring the drag force lasts a certain period of time, for example, 30 s, after which, if the thrust force corresponds to the specified one, on the display 18 appears the Tractor command, and the electric distributor 37 switches to the left position, the rods of the hydraulic cylinders 36 raise the loads of the loading mechanism 16 and the driver removes the motor grader from the location of the loading mechanism 16. Then the command is issued to turn on the electric air distributor 37 to the right position; the loads are lowered and in further tests exist. If the value of the pulling force does not match the set one, then to proceed to the next operation, the driver must press the button of the handheld terminal.

Then, the geometrical parameters of the grader are successively checked: raising and lowering the blade and pushing it to the right and to the left, pulling out the draft frame, changing the cutting pick angles and the cut off slope of the blade 8, tilting and turning the wheels of the grader. The monitoring is carried out by sensors 17, which in this case represent limit switches or, for example, photovoltaic systems, and the corresponding information is printed in the test report.

During testing, analog sensors are constantly monitored.

316 and

engine oil, hydraulic fluid pressure, brake air pressure, engine crankshaft speed, water temperature and engine oil temperature and hydraulic fluid. Ego information from the sensors goes to secondary digital devices (not shown) installed in a special room for visual control by the operator.

After completing all types of tests envisaged by the program,

5 the scoreboard displays the Lift Dump and Exit command. The motor grader drives off the bench and, in case of successful passing of tests, a printed protocol is applied to his passport.

0 tests and the grader is sent to the consumer.

Thus, the test bench for the motor grader ensures that the vehicle tests are carried out in a strict sequence, while the testing process collects and automatically processes the information, after the end of the previous scan; and the driver automatically instructs the driver to carry out the following type of test and team management booth. As a result of pi, the operational capabilities of the stand are quieted and the process of testing the grader is accelerated. If the grader does not meet Heio specifications for any parameter, in accordance with the printed test report

Q it is sent for revision. it

leads to improved product quality.

Claims (6)

1. A stand for testing an AZT trader, containing a frame with travel beams, limiters for the longitudinal and transverse movement of the grader, wheel modules mounted on the frame for mounting each wheel of the grader, measuring unit for tractive effort installed with the ability to interact with the grader blade, moving platforms with hydraulic cylinders for their movement, having electro-hydraulic control, and recording equipment, TL and 131, placed in the beams due to the fact that, in order to expand the operational capabilities of the stand and accelerate testing of the grader during acceptance control, it is equipped with blocks of running drums placed on each wheel module, blocks of electrohydraulically controlled hydraulic loaders inertial blocks, a kinematic synchronization unit installed with the possibility of interaction with the frame of the motor grader along the vertical, passing in the zone of its center of mass, or with a motor grader blade with a driving mechanism with electropneumatic In this case, the control and information management system, the input shafts of the kinematic synchronization unit are connected to the output shafts of the blocks of the running drums, and the output shafts - to the input shafts of the inertial blocks, the output shafts of which are connected to the input shafts of the blocks of controlled hydraulic loaders, and The system is made of sensors controlling the parameters of the motor grader, from an information board, from a computer, from recording equipment connected with one of the computer outputs, and from a measuring unit. equalizing unit, inputs associated with — with the outputs of sensors controlling the grader’s parameters and with another output of the computer, and outputs with the input of a computer, with an information board, with electric controls for blocks of hydraulic loaders, with a load of a loading mechanism and with electric controls for moving hydraulic cylinders platforms, and the unit for measuring the thrust force is made from the traction hydraulic cylinders, from the hydraulic distributor, from the drain and pressure hydraulic lines, and from hydraulic locks communicated with the floor o the thrust traction hydraulic cylinders with the hydraulic distributor, made with the possibility of communication of the cavities of the traction hydraulic cylinders with the pressure and discharge hydraulic lines.  Jk 2. The stand according to claim. Different in that it is provided with arcuate guides placed in front of the frame of the stand and installed in a horizontal plane, with a center of curvature located on the longitudinal axis of the stand, with a movable carriage mounted in arcuate .., guides with the possibility of its symmetric movement in both directions from the longitudinal axis of the stand, and electro-pneumatically controlled fixation unit of the trolley on the longitudinal axis of the stand, ) 5 associated with the measuring and controlling unit. 3. Stand popp. 1 and 2, characterized in that the measuring and control unit has a closing 20 manual control contact and mode switch of the information control system from automatic control to manual mode. 4. Stand on PP. 1-3, about tl and h a- 25 th y and in that the kinematic synchronization unit is made in the form of gears. 5. Stand on PP. 1-4, that is, so that the blocks of controlled hydraulic loaders are made of hydroline-coupled pumps and electrically-controlled adjustable hydraulic valves connected in series with each other. 6. Stand on PP. 1-5, that is, with the fact that the loading mechanism is made in the form of sets of loads, and its drive is made of single-acting pneumatic cylinders installed with the ability of their rods to interact with a set of loads in the process of loading from an electropneumatic free-flow distributor and from a one-way adjustable pneumatic seat connected to the working cavity of pneumatic cylinders and to an electric pneumatic distributor made with the possibility of communication in the middle position of the spools of working cavities of pneumatic cylinders through one-way throttle with atmosphere. cho p R g - vC v MGP " 36 -36 -36 -36 -36 hz cl Јb fZ ll V sj 28 W c 17