SU1604930A1 - Tubular diesel-hammer - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of construction equipment. The purpose of the invention is to increase the efficiency of work when driving piles into soils of different density. The tubular diesel hammer contains a working cylinder 1, a piston 2 and a shaft 3, which have an annular protrusion 4 and a recess for it on facing end surfaces, a combustion chamber. Moreover, the bottom of the recess in shaft 3 is made movable with the possibility of moving along the longitudinal axis of the hammer and fixing it. 1 il.

Description

The invention relates to construction equipment, and more particularly to the design of diesel hammers used for immersion piles, etc. building elements in housing, civil and hydraulic engineering, as well as in bridge building.

The purpose of the invention is to increase the efficiency of the diesel hammer when driving piles into soils of various densities.

The drawing shows a diesel hammer.

A tubular diesel hammer consists of a working cylinder 1, in which a piston 2 and shabot 3 are placed (the fuel system of the hammer and the cat for raising the hammer are not shown in the drawing, since they are performed by a known image). The piston 2 is provided at the lower end with an annular protrusion 4 with a recess in the center. Shabbot 3 is equipped with a recess 5 at the end. In the lower position of the piston 2, the protrusion 4 enters the recess 5 of the Shabot 3, forming a vortex combustion system. The bottom of the recess in the shield 3 is made movable with the ability to move along the longitudinal axis of the hammer and fix it, ensuring the preservation of a given volume of the combustion chamber during the operation of the hammer. The lower end of the movable bottom 6 is equipped with a tetrahedral shank 7, which enters the tetrahedral hole of the flange 8 (fixing element), fixed on the shaft 3, for example, using bolts 9. The lateral surface of the working cylinder 1 is equipped with exhaust pipes 10.

Diesel hammer works as follows.

Depending on the conditions of piling, the movable bottom 6 is rotated behind the shank 7 at a height so as to form the volume of the combustion chamber (the adjustment is stepless). To immerse the piles, a tubular diesel hammer mounted on the pile driver is installed using a pile winch on the pile head. The diesel hammer is started by dumping the piston 2, raised by the winch to the starting height of 1.2-1.3 m. The diesel hammer works with self-ignition of the fuel by gases compressed to a high temperature. The temperature of the compressed gases is determined by the value of the degree of compression. For reliable self-ignition of the fuel, the compression ratio should be at least 12. Piles can be immersed only with gas pressure, for example, with rod hammers at a compression ratio of 30, only by impact, for example, with mechanical hammers, or by combined action of compressed gases and blow by tubular diesel hammers. The work of the hammer is consumed during each cycle in order to first move the pile from its place, overcoming the force of rest friction, and then load it. overcoming the sliding friction force. When piles are immersed in weak soils, the resting resistance is low, therefore, the pile can be immersed efficiently with large failures (the amount of pile immersion in one hit) even with compressed gases only. Moreover, the higher the compression ratio, the greater the failure rate. It is less effective to immerse piles in weak soils by hitting a piston 2 of a diesel hammer with a low compression ratio, since the hammer does not start well, works erratically and does not develop full power (piston 2 is low tossed). When piles are immersed in dense soils, when the static friction is high, it is well overcome by the impact of piston 2 on Shabot 3, since large forces acting on the pile head develop. In this case, to increase the impact energy of the hammer, its compression ratio is reduced. The compression ratio also affects the amount of failure when sinking piles of different masses. Smaller values of the mass correspond to larger values of the degree of compression and, conversely, larger masses correspond to smaller values of the degree of compression. Therefore, the effective immersion of piles in different conditions provide a change in the degree of compression of the diesel hammer. Piston 2, falling, blocks the exhaust pipes 10, and gas compression begins in cylinder 1, fuel is injected into recess 5 of Shabot 3, a mixture of gases with fuel is formed and fuel self-ignites, and piston 2, having hit Shabot 3 and loading pile, is thrown up and the cycle repeats. When changing the conditions of immersion produce a change in the degree of compression using the movable bottom 6 to a predetermined value.

The proposed diesel hammer provides an increase in work efficiency (productivity) due to the ability to change the compression ratio, bringing it in accordance with specific soil conditions, thereby immersing piles in the optimal diesel hammer operating mode, simplifying the design, since changing the volume of the combustion chamber is simple, placed in the Shabot, details, and does not require the separation of the working cylinder into two parts, connected by movable elements of large dimensions, which are acted upon by large Booting.

Claims (1)

Claim A tubular diesel hammer, including a working cylinder, a piston and a shabbot placed in it, having annular protrusion and a recess for it, 5 facing * each other end surfaces, a combustion chamber formed by the surfaces of the shabot and piston, power and cooling systems, characterized in that, in order to increase work efficiency when driving piles into soils of various densities, the bottom of the excavation is movable with the possibility of movement and fixing along the longitudinal axis of the hammer.