SU1596275A1 - Apparatus for measuring complex gain factor of four-terminal network - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to radio engineering. The purpose of the invention is to provide measurement of nonlinear microwave quadrupoles and automate measurements. A device for measuring the complex transfer ratio (RFP) of a quadrupole microwave contains a microwave generator 1, a divider 2, a valve 3, directional couplers 4, 10 and 21, power sensors 5, 11 and 22, amplifiers 6, 12 and 23 DC, unit 7 module measurements, contact device 8, tunable band-pass filter 9, comparison block 13, adder 14, phase measurement block 15, single-band modulator 16, valve 17, control attenuator 18, controllable phase shifter 19, valve 20, input block 24, block 25 input harmonic number, integrator 26. Determining the phase of walks by measuring the time delay by filling the time interval with counting pulses. The gain modulus determines block 7 with respect to the voltage of the signal passing through the microwave quadrupole to the voltage of the signal taken from sensor 5 and amplified by amplifier 6. The device provides a measurement of the QPS of the non-linear microwave quadrupoles with respect to the first and highest harmonics. 7 il.

Description

The invention relates to radio engineering, in particular to phase measurements in the microwave range, and can be used to measure the complex transfer coefficient (PDC) of a nonlinear quadrupole.

The aim of the invention is to provide a non-linear measurement of microwave quadrupoles and automate measurements.

Fig. 1 is a block diagram of a device for measuring a complex coefficient.

the transfer of the quadrupole microwave; FIG. 2 is a view of a signal envelope; FIG. 3 is a structural electrical circuit of the PDC phase measurement unit; Fig. 4 is a structural electrical circuit of the measuring unit of the PSC module; FIG. 5 is a structural electrical circuit of a microwave controlled program generator; Fig. 6 is a structural electrical circuit of an input unit. harmonic numbers; FIG. 7 is a structural electrical circuit of an input unit. A device for measuring the complex transfer coefficient of a quadrupole microwave comprises a microwave generator 1, a divider 2, a first valve 3, a first directional coupler 4, a power sensor 5 and a first amplifier 6 of direct current, a module measuring unit 7, a contact device 8, a tunable band-pass filter 9, a second directional coupler 10, power sensor 11 and second direct current amplifier 12, comparison unit 13, adder 14, phase measurement unit 15, single-sided modulator 16, second valve 17, controlled attenuator 18, phase controlled The detector 19, the third valve 20, the third directional coupler 21, the power sensor 22, the third DC amplifier 23, the input unit 24, the harmonic id number input unit 25, the integrator 26, the Block 15 contains the filter of the first monica 27, the first divider 28, the generator 29 clock pulses, second divider 30, first switch 31, first and second blocks 32 and 33 of differential, block 34, second switch 35, selector 36, counter 37, register 38, decoder 39, indicator 40, amplitude detector 41, limiting amplifier 42, third differentiation unit. Unit 7 contains the first amplifier 44 DC, the nonlinear element 45, the second amplifier 46 DC, the analog-digital converter 47, the output register 48, the remote controller 49 and the indicator 50, the generator 1 contains the generator module 51, the amplifier 52, Attenuator 53, first digital-to-analog converter 54, DC amplifier 53, voltage divider 56 and second digital-to-analog converter 57, Block 25 contains reference voltage source 58, divider 59, switch 60, digital-analog converter 61, post amplifier 62 about current. Block 24 contains the first and second buffer registers 63 and 64, the first and second decoder 65 and 66, the first and second indicators 67 and 68, the code converter 69, the switch 70, the connector 71 and the keyboard 72, the device for measuring the quadrupole complex transfer coefficient works in the following way. The signal of the generator 1, whose frequency and power is set by the operator using the keyboard 72 of the block 24, through the divider 2 enters the measuring and reference channels. Through the contact device 8, the microwave signal with frequency O and amplitude VU, (t) V costJt enters the probe, -guided four-pole microwave, and the highest harmonics are present in the output spectrum of the studied nonlinear quadrupole microwave (Kwt + "), k: r1 where N is the number of harmonics; V, (- amperes and phases; K 1 ,,,,, N, It is required to distribute the comlex transmission coefficient of the quadrupole SEC K i K e to V V Single sideband modulator 16, installed in the reference channel, converts the generator I signal into a signal of the form Uo (t) V, cos (wt + L t), where L is the modulating oscillation frequency "mСь) V cosnt, generated in block 15. At the output of the adder 14, the signal has the form U (t) - U (t) + U (t) "(KoJt + + le,) + VcCos (wt + + flt + (f.,), where the harmonic number K is given by tuning the tunable band-pass filter 9 to the frequency Ki); ifp, is the phase shift, determined by the length of the lines connecting the adder 14 and the contact device 8, and the phase shifts in the band-pass filter 9 and the directional responder 10, if (and. + CP pTTCH where fd is the phase shift, set It is controlled by a 1m phase shifter 19, a phase shift in the line connecting the single-sided modulator 16 to the control phase shifter 19, valve 20, coupler 21 and adder 14, as well as in valve 20 and coupler 21, the bend and signal U (t ) has the form shown in FIG. 2, It has sharp minima for D1, for K 1 it is smooth. Mini delay relative to the modulating signal U .. (t) is equal to Ch., - CHs ") /, associated with (p the ratio ff - Y. To ensure the normal performance of the signals U (t) and Uj (t) at the input of the adder 14 must be approximately equal in amplitude (at least differ by no more than three times). To equalize the amplitudes .U (t) and Uji (t), a feedback circuit consisting of directional couplers 10 and 21 of padac waves , sensors 11 and 22, amplifiers 12 and 23, decreasing the 1CH of the output voltage of the sensors 1 1 and 22 to a level that ensures the operability of the block 13j. the integrator 26 and the controlled attenuator 18; The signals at the output of amplifiers 12 and 23 (P and RE) are proportional to the power of the microwave waves of the measuring and reference channels, respectively, fed to the adder 14; The voltage at the output of the block 13 corresponds to a level of +1, if the level is O, P, and the level is 1, if if PB is in accordance with this at P: P, accordingly, at the output of integrator 26, a linearly increasing or linearly falling voltage appears, if at the output of the comparison circuit there is a level + 1 or -1. In the case of a zero input signal, the voltage of the integrator 26 is fixed. An increase in the output voltage of the integrator 26 causes a decrease in the gate attenuation of the controlled attenuator 18 and a fall in an increase in the intensity. Thus, the output signal of the integrator 26 will be fixed only if the voltage of the signals P and PZ is equal, which corresponds to amplitudes UjCt) and Ue (t), Gates 3, 17, and 20 serve to reduce the penetration of the measuring channel signal into the reference channel and back. Block 15 is used to determine the phase cf and generate the modulating signal U (t), 1V. The determination of qi occurs by measuring the time delay dl: (FIG. 2) using the method of filling the time interval with counting pulses. Since with growth of (f, c, and dt decreases (1), (2), to simplify the hardware implementation of the block, the delay xdt determined by the phase shift tf is measured, with 0 K, n (tfk-e1-cn) / I. Measurement of lt is carried out by counting the number of clock pulses of the generator 29 (taking into account dividing their frequency by a factor K deli mK, where K is the harmonic number, m is the maximum number of harmonics No. 1X harmonics) by the divider 30 allocated by the selector 36 since of the starting pulse of the formed amplifier - the limiter 42 and the block 43 to minimize the envelope of the signal su before the arrival of the stop pulse corresponding to the negative front of the modulating voltage Uyy (t) o The stop pulse is generated by the block 32, This is true for when the envelope has a sharp minimum. With divider-limiter 42 and block 43 f1 impregnate the starting pulse on the negative front of the envelope Ut), t, e, earlier by 1G / 2. In connection with this, the STOP pulse must be formed at the maximum U (t), 4TO implements a circuit consisting of blocks 34 and 33, Selection of one of two stop pulses It produces a switch 35, controlled by a signal K1, determining the number of selected harmonics. The same signal is given by the switch 31 K p, K is formed in block 25, The signal U (t) is formed by decreasing the frequency of the generator 29 to I by divider 28 and highlighting sine wave of the first harmonic filter 27, the binary code of the number of clock pulses comes from the output of the counter 37 to the register 38, where it is stored for a period of time from one measurement to another, and is indicated by the indicator 40 after it has been converted by the decoder 39 to the input th code indicator 40, dividing ratio K of divider 28 is selected in such a way that the number of clock pulses corresponds to the measured angle (for "Calculate Kd2d as follows. For cfg bp t is equal to t - w / (KfO (3) It is necessary to determine (O no less than (deg.) S, a), ilo-tf.

(Hz) / 2

n / f

t

sch

where 4n is the number of impulses, corresponding to the angle й. hail to from

.e. -if- 2 4 t- - division division

After the calculation of K, it is necessary to check whether the error from rounding up K ded to integer is acceptable. In this case, the inequality must be satisfied

J. ,

°

 MctKC

gpe 1 ° maximum value e pz Nlcheshsodp

measured angle

S and

R

RG

n

where S is the proportionality factor

When the inverter turns on the amplifier 46, its amplification factor is determined by the resistance of the circuit.

feedback

Cous f

and the output voltage is respectively

U6 ,, / R, S,, where S Rp (, / S.

50Thus, U appears

proportional to the module KKP, I -.

The value of P is converted into a binary code by an anapog-digital converter 47, which you memorize; by the input register 48, and is indicated by the indicator 50 after conversion in the decoder 49c in turn 90 kK. Thus, the condition of the introduced error is: ((ck K K 720 Block 7 determines the ratio of the signals, equal to the transfer coefficient module quadrupole microwave, the voltage of the signal P, taken from sensor 5 and amplified by ushshtel 6 proportional to the power of this wave, as well as the voltage of the signal P is proportional to the power of the microwave wave transmitted through the quadripole microwave, the voltage proportional to A PI / PI is formed by an amplifier 46 with a large amplification factor, acting in the feedback circuit a non-linear element 45 whose resistance RH is direct: proportional to the signature value P, 1 Amplifier 44 serves to feed the non-linear element 45 to a constant component of the calibration unit 7 The oscillator 1 is intended for ganration of a sinusoidal microwave oscillation with a given frequency and power. The generation frequency is determined by the magnitude of the current supplied from the output of the digital-to-analog converter 54 | to the generator module 51, the current value ( m and frequency) is determined by a binary code. After amplification, a microwave oscillation post to a controlled attenuator 53 operating in an automatic power control (APM) circuit consisting of a high gain amplifier 55, a D / A converter 57 and a voltage divider 56, the APM is a circuit fy co follow feedback. The voltage at the output of the amplifier 5 | 5 to determine the ratio of the transmission coefficient of the controlled attenuator 53 is set so that the signals at the inputs of the amplifier 55 are equal. Since the voltage of the signal P is proportional to the level of the microwave power incident on the quadruple, it turns out to be equal to the voltage given by the digital-to-analog converter 57 of the code for the level of this power. In addition, the APM compensates for the fluctuations of the power generator I that occurs during frequency tuning, heating elements circuits, etc. Divider 56 is intended for alignment of the AWP circuit (to establish the correspondence between the power code and the power of the microwave wave, which is incident on the four-pole microwave measuring microwave oscillation) The Vlok 25 is intended to set the harmonic meter of the measuring signal to which the tunable band-pass filter 9o will be tuned. Block 25 produces a tunable band-pass frequency control current. filter 9 and signal K, containing information about the number of the selected harmonic,. The harmonic number is selected, using switch 60, which connects to digital-to-analog converter 61 as a source of reference voltage one of the outputs of the sensor of reference voltages, consisting of source 58, and divider 5 59, the digital-analog converter transform current 61, defined This reference voltage and the frequency code of hopper 1 is fed to tunable band-9 filter. If the reference voltage and were applied to the digital-to-analog converter 61 when operating at the main frequency. then, with the transition to K harmonics, it increases by K times, and the control current increases the same time. The amplifier 62 serves to match the output impedance of the digital-to-analog converter 6 and the tunable band-pass filter 9, the Signal to 1, carrying information about the number of the selected harmonic, is fed to the block 15, the Block 24 allows the operator to bring from the keyboard 72 or transmit via a computer link via connector 71 values of the frequency of the microwave signal and the level of microwave power incident on the quadrupole. KoMNiyTaTOp 70 allows you to select the source of information (computer or keyboard) by the control signal from the keyboard 72, Converter 69 translates into binary code generated by the keyboard and transmitted over the communication line with the computer. Frequency and power values are stored in buffer registers 63 and 64 and are recorded indicators 67 and 68 after conversion by decoders 65 and 66g. Before measurements, phase calibration and module calibration are performed. Phase calibration consists in alignment of the electrical lengths of the reference and measuring channel. Instead of the measured object, a section of the transmission line is set in the contact device 8 and the control unit 20 sets the zero reading of the indicator 15, and the ratio (3 ) is converted to the form / C, Tee, an unambiguous correspondence is established between the phase angle c. and the time delay t, the Calibration modulo also gfo is produced when the transmission line segment is set instead of the microwave quadrupole, adjusted in the unit

7 achieve zero indicator readings,

II

I

Thus, the measurement of the PFC of nonlinear microwave quadrupoles over the first and higher harmonics is provided.

Claims (1)

Invention Formula A device for measuring the complex gain of a quadrupole microwave, containing a series-connected microwave generator and a divider, a series-connected controlled phase shifter and a first gate, a controlled attenuator, an adder and a measuring unit, a phase characterized in that, in order to provide measurements of non-linear four-terminal microwave and automation of measurements, the first output divider through entered in series connected the second valve, the first directional coupler, the contact device, ne There is a 1st bandpass filter, and the second directional coupler is connected to the first input of the adder, the second output of the divider through the input of the third valve is connected to the input of a controlled attenuator, the output of which through the input of a single pole modulator is connected to the input of the controlled phase shifter, the output of the first valve through the entered third directional coupler is connected to the second input of the adder, the incident wave-oriented secondary cannap of the first directional coupler via the serially connected The first power sensor and the first DC amplifier are connected to the first input of the entered module measuring unit and the automatic power generator of the microwave generator, the incident channel of the second directional coupler through the second DC amplifier connected in series and connected to the second wave. connected to the second input of the measuring unit of the module and the first input of the entered comparison unit, the second input of which is connected through the serially connected The third DC amplifier and the third power sensor are connected to the incident channel-oriented secondary channel of the third directional coupler, and the output through the input integrator is connected to the control input of a controlled attenuator, the output-frequency code of the inserted input unit is connected to digital control inputs the frequency of the microwave generator and the entered harmonic number input block, the output of the power code of the input block is connected to the digital input of the power control of the microwave generator, the current output of the input block The harmonics are connected to the control input of the tunable bandpass filter, and the harmonic number code output is connected to the harmonic number code input of the phase measurement unit, the low-frequency output of which is connected to the modulating input of the single-sided modulator, and the output of the adder is connected to the phase measurement unit input. 1 FIG. 2 / R single pole f. modulus t 1596275 from the CB Ci Mumopa exit signal from 5th input of the number e, armont crazepi connection SEDP Signal tgM Phie., Crozemy -in connection with computer I  Have 50 A measurements (times MO I / fCB. 7 / y FIG. 6 level code Phage. 7