SU1594245A1 - Method and apparatus for erecting ground structure - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the construction of alluvial areas on the banks of reservoirs. The purpose of the invention is to reduce the material consumption, labor costs and energy intensity of construction works by increasing the efficiency of managing the movement and accumulation of sediments transported along the coastal wave current with prevailing unilateral strength and duration of waves, increasing the functional resources of the device for creating a stagnant zone due to its multiple use. use, improve environmental conditions. The method comprises successively repeated operations of installation in the coastal zone of the elements of the device and construction of a basement of the land structure from sediments deposited on the bottom of the reservoir, which come with a groundwater flow along the coastal wave current fed by the soil discharged into the coastal zone and controlled by the device. Then, the topside is erected on the base by known methods, and at the sea end of the structure - the tip of the earth structure. The device consists of a non-stationary non-flooded regulating breakwater 1 and a system of non-stationary non-flooded accumulating breakwaters 2-5 not mechanically interconnected. Accumulating breakwaters 2-5 are located along a quarter-curve of an ellipse, convexity facing the coast and located at a calculated distance from the axis of the projected earth structure. The greater semi-axis of the ellipse 9 is oriented parallel to the line of the leading coast. After construction is completed, the device is dismantled and used for a new purpose. 2 sec. and 2 z. p. f-ly, 8 ill.

Description

3

The invention relates to the construction of hydraulic structures from a non-bonded soil material, such as sand or gravel, on the banks of an open water area and can be used in the construction of 5 dams, moles, artificial streamers and alluvial areas.

The purpose of the invention is to reduce the material consumption, labor costs and energy intensity of construction work by increasing the efficiency of controlling the process of moving and accumulating pumps transported by the alongshore wave flow during dominant unilateral strength and duration of waves, increasing the functional resources of the organization to create stagnant zone due to its reusable use, improvement of environmental conditions.

FIG. 1 shows the layout of the device relative to the axis of the earth structure; in fig. 2 shows the layout of the regulating and first accumulating breakwaters; in fig. 3 - a section of shallows between the regulating and nepBbijvi accumulating breakwaters; in fig. 4 shows the stage of completion of the formation at full height of the basement of the structure after the first accumulating breakwater; in fig. 5 - installation phase of the second accumulating breakwater; in fig. 6 shows the stage of completion of the formation behind the second accumulating wave at the full height of the basement of the structure and the erection of the fixed part on it; in fig. 7 - installation stage of a stationary breakwater parallel to the shore and sections A - A, B, B, B, B - B; in fig. 8 is a plan of the erected structure.

The method includes placing a device for creating a zone of stagnation, loading the soil during, washing the ground material into the body of the structure. For this purpose, the first breakwater accumulator, which is a part of the accumulating non-stationary non-submerged breakwaters, is fixed in the coastal zone of the reservoir parallel to the water edge against the site of the project adjoining the root part of the structure; at an acute angle to the line of the cut. After that, during the entire construction period, the soil is discretely loaded into the longshore flow in the area between the lower head of the regulating Eulnolom and the upper head of the accumulating breakwater, coast along the axis of the project facility topside. Then it is fixed further downstream along the axis of the system of accumulating breakwaters of the second

accumulating breakwater with a distance from the first for the calculated distance. After completion or with anticipation of the formation of a plinth to its full height in the zone of stagnation of the second accumulating breakwater and the erection of a surface part on it in the same sequence, the third and subsequent accumulating breakwaters are fixed along the design axis of the system of accumulating breakwaters. Finally, with a pre-emption to the process of completing the formation of the basement of the structure, in the zone of stagnation of the last accumulating breakwater along the stream, a stationary breakwater was erected, which serves as the head of the structure. After that, the regulator and the system of accumulating breakwaters are dismantled. In this case, the coefficient of the surface slope located between the water level in the reservoir and the upper limit of the eroding effect of the waves can be determined by the formula

m, & b-Ko-h -d- + mo, (P

rd ctga is the coefficient of dynamically stable slope under skewed waves, where a is the angle of the slope with the horizon, degrees; „- the ratio of the estimated length

the waves. to its height / i; d. - average diameter of unbound soil, mm;

 - coefficient of repose of the soil, where f is the angle of the internal friction of the soil in a water-saturated state, hail.

The longitudinal axis of the stationary breakwater is mainly oriented parallel to the baseline of the coast, and its length in the plane of the natural bottom of the reservoir is assumed to be not less than the width of the end part of the structure at the level of the lower limit of the eroding action of the waves. Diffracting breakwaters consist of a non-stationary non-flooded 6-width wide breakwater, constructively assigned, and a system of non-stationary non-flooded accumulating breakwaters of the same width that are not mechanically interconnected to each other, while the regulating breakwater has a length / p determined by the dependence

l ,, 0,7-h-mi.

(2)

gp h - wave height, m;

 - the slope coefficient of the coastal bank, above which a regulating breakwater is placed, where a is the angle from the bank with the horizon, hail,

and fixed in the coastal area of the reservoir

upstream from the project site

During construction, soil material 18 is discretely loaded, and over 19 with increased transporting ability, it moves into the zone of congestion of the first accumulating breakwater. 5 After completion of the formation, in the zone of stagnation of the first accumulating breakwater, the submerged part 21 is erected on the project construction axis 7 on the elliptical axis 6 of the accumulating breakwater system even lower downstream of the second accumulating breakwater 3, separated from the first one at a distance fi (2.0-2.5) - / Q.

After completion or pre-emption of 15 formation in the zone of the secondary water course of the accumulating breakwater, the basement 22 of the structure to full height and the erection of the surface part 23 on it (Fig. 6) in the same sequence along the axis 6 of the system of accumulating breakwaters install the third breakwater 4 and the following, for example breakwater 5, accumulating breakwaters. Finally, anticipating the process of completing the formation of the basement of the structure in the zone of stagnation of the latter along the current 25 (indicated in this case by the index 5) of the accumulating breakwater of half the length, the stationary breakwater 11, which functions as the head of the structure, is erected parallel to the shore (Fig. 7). thirty

After the construction is completed, the control and accumulative breakwater system, including breakwaters 2-5, in this case are dismantled and the erected structure 24 together with the head 11 under the influence of waves 13 and along the coastal flow 17 is switched to the operational mode of operation (Fig. 8). At the same time, dynamic stability is ensured to the action of skew-suitable waves of a curvilinear in terms of contour of the structure and cross sections of slopes without protective clothing.

Claims (5)

1. A method of erecting earthworking, including placing a device for creating a stagnation zone over the sand bar, loading the soil for a period, washing the soil material into the building body, characterized in that, in order to reduce material consumption, labor costs and energy, endeavors by increasing the efficiency of managing the process of moving and accumulating sediment transported by the alongshore wave current during dominant waves, one-sided in strength and duration The national resources of the device for creating a stagnant zone, reusable for its reuse, improving environmental conditions, are fixed in the coastal zone of a reservoir parallel to the water edge against the site of the project adjacent to the bank of the root part of the structure, the first accumulating breakwater, which is included in the arc of a quarter of the ellipse, once in the coastal zone, is fixed in the upstream zone, the regulating non-stationary, non-submerged breakwater under the sharp angle to the line of the line, after that, during the entire construction period, the soil is loaded into the longshore current in the area located between the coastal head of the regulating breakwater and the upper head of the accumulating breakwater, and after the formation of the base of the first accumulating breakwater is completed on the base from the coast along the axis of the project structure, the surface part of the earth structure, then fixed further downstream along the axis of the system of accumulating waves the second accumulating breakwater breaker with a distance from the first one, after completion or with anticipation of the formation of a plinth in the stagnant zone to its full height and the erection of the surface part of the structure on it, erect the third accumulator breakwater in the same sequence, along the design axis of the accumulating breakwater system fix the fourth and subsequent accumulative breakwaters, finally, with anticipation of the completion of the formation of the basement of the structure, in the stagnant zone of the latter, along the current of the accumulating breakwater, the stationary breakwater, which functions as the head of the structure, after which the regulator and the system of accumulating breakwaters are dismantled. 2. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the surface part of the structure located between the water level in the pond and the upper limit of the eroding effect of the waves is performed loose.  3. The method according to paragraphs. 1 and 2, characterized in that the longitudinal axis of the stationary breakwater is oriented parallel to the coastline, and its length in the plane of the natural bottom of the reservoir is equal to at least the width of the end part of the structure at the level of the lower limit of the wave action. 4. A device for erecting a land structure containing diffracted breakwaters, I note that this is done in the form of non-stationary, non-submerged, regulating his breakwater with a width of b. constructively assigned, and systems of non-stadium free flooded breakwaters of the same width that are not interconnected, while adjacent to the shore of the root part of the structure at a distance so that its longitudinal axis forms an acute angle p, equal to 20-45 ° with the water edge line, in the coastal head is located at a depth of 5-0.7) -h, the accumulating breakwaters of the system have same length la determined by dependency , and located in the coastal zone of the reservoir at the same distance between their adjacent tips of the distance B (2.0-2.5) - / a along the curve of a quarter of the ellipse, facing the bulge towards the coast and remote from the design axis of the structure for a distance (h, where, 6 / p is the distance between the axis of the system of accumulating breakwaters and the water edge of the project structure, m; d „is the height of the overrun of the wave, m; And - a stock in height of a setup of a wave, m; bt - half-width comb project foot construction, m so that the transverse axis of the first accumulating breakwater coincides with the small semiaxis of the ellipse, perpendicular to the shoreline, and transverse to the axis of the last accumulating breakwater with the large parallel parallel shoreline with the semi-axis of the ellipse at the locations of the root and tip of the structure, respectively. At the same time the semi-axis // ellipse is equal to 2.5-3.0 to the length of the small P axis. The number of accumulating breakwaters placed along a quarter of an ellipse curve is determined by the formula „, 5 (N + P) - (N.) d lj75 (7; -fBl and the last accumulating breakwater, the transverse axis of which is combined with the large semi-axis of the ellipse, is made in half length. The proposed method is carried out with the help of a device (Fig. 1) and contains one-, two-way radios, the sequence of execution of which is illustrated by diagrams (f-ig. 2-8). The device (Fig. 1) includes a non-stationary non-submerged regulating wave 1 of length / p defined by the formula (2) and a width of a and a system of accumulating breakwaters of the same width consisting of separate equal lengths of non-submerged breakwaters 25, which are not mechanically interconnected, which are placed along the curve of 6 quarters of an ellipse, remote from axis 7 of the project structure to the distance A, five ten 15 20 25 30 35 45 50 according to the formula (4). The first accumulator breakwater 2 with its transverse axis is aligned with the low axis of the 8th ellipse, perpendicular to the shoreline, and the last accumulator of the system 5, with a half length, with its transverse axis aligned with the major axis of the 9th ellipse at the design site of the root part 10 and heading 11 structures, respectively. The ratio of the lengths of the large / V and small P semiaxes ellipse is 5-3.0. Distance B between adjacent heads of accumulating breakwaters is constant. The regulating breakwater 1 (Fig. 2) is located downstream from the first accumulating breakwater at a distance L so that its longitudinal axis forms an acute angle p with the notch line, and coastal head 12 is set at a depth I (0.5-0.7 )/one. The device works as follows. Under the influence of dominant unidirectional waves of strength and duration 13 in the coastal zone above coastal shallow 14 along coastal ledge 15 with a water edge 16, current 17 propagates. As a result of wave diffraction and concomitant narrowing of the water section in the alignment of the breakwater) (i) lower in n-kchino in (m increases the speed of the alongshore iv fiui, which leads to an increase in its itvin porting ability, and the rpyiiTOBi.iii rial moves to the zone: ii - () i. rv) of the accumulating breakwater. In..ic.ici curvature wave l learn from diffraction and refraction of waves, and there is a deviation of the velocity vector of the voluminous shore current towards the breakwater, at which time the flow velocity and its transporting capacity decrease with increasing depths. Falling out of the sediment into the depth of the stream forms the basement of the structure After the formation of the basement in the zone of stagnant accumulation of breakwater 2 is completed, the transport and accretion sediment cycle is transferred to the zone of the dischargewater of the accumulating breakwater 3, then breakage wave 4, and so on. Example. In the coastal zone of the reservoir (Fig. 2), opposite the place 10 adjacent to the coast, axis 7 of the root part of the project, parallel to the water edge and at a distance from it, distance A fixes the first accumulating breakwater 2, and downstream in a distance - regulating breakwater 1 at an acute angle to the line of the cut. In the area of the shallows located between the regulating breakwater 1 and the first accumulating breakwater 2 (Fig. 3), in the alongshore breaking down breakwater Ip is determined by the formula , 7 h tu, where A is the wave height; , is the slope coefficient of the coastal bank, above which the regulating breakwater is placed; a - the angle of the shallow with a horizon, hail, and a breakwater is fixed in the coastal zone of the reservoir upstream from the design abutment to the bank of the root part of the structure at a distance, its longitudinal axis forms an acute angle p 20-45 ° with its water line, and the coastal cap is located at a depth I (0.5-0.7) - / 1, the accumulating breakwaters are made with the same length and length laid in the coastal zone of the reservoir at the same distance between their adjacent tips of the distance S (2.0-2.5) -la along the curve of a quarter of an ellipse, convex 0 0 offshore and distant from the project axis of the structure to the distance A ) -m + bc, where, b / r is the distance between the axis accumulation systems breakwaters and water edge project facility; () - - horizontal projection wavelength overrun and stock on it, m; 6c. - construction half width along the ridge, m so that the axis is transverse. the first accumulating breakwater coincides with the small semi-axis of the ellipse, the perpendicular shore line, and the axis of the last accumulating breakwater is transverse - from the large parallel parallel coast line with the semi-axis of the ellipse at the locations of the design root part and tip, respectively. 5. A device according to claim 4, characterized in that the larger semi-axis L of the ellipse is 2.5-3.0 times the length of the small P axis. TTTTTTTTTTTTTTT tTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT  ... I .g: -j ---;:: -: -y - gr-. fe- -k-Ssii go 21 | ..U: -. - Y-A. ; ./../ v ..: / l iij. 78 FIG. FIG. H VffVVfffVi | fV «4 ...,. f. . . . . . FIG. five Q 5il2.5 .7 .2.8 Compiled by P. Nagorn Editor & TsrbakTekhred A. KravchukK1 Maximishinei corrector Order 2816 Circulation 538Subscription VNIIPI State Committee on Inventions and Discoveries at the First CST of the USSR 113035. L Oskva, F - 35, Raup1ska nab., 4/5 Propvovostvtemmo-izdatet.Tetsky kombipat "Patent, Uzhgorod, ul, Gagarin, 101 H Z3