SU1585902A1 - Multiple-parameter adaptive system of radio communication for transmission of discrete information - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a radio communication technique and can be used in radio communication systems of the HF and VHF bands. The purpose of the invention is to increase the reliability of receiving information. The system includes on the transmitting side a reverse channel monometer, a decoder, a command decoder, a coding control unit, a rate control unit, a modulation type selection unit, a frequency selection unit, a transmission power control unit, a coding unit, a buffer store, a modulation unit, a causative agent and power amplifier, on the receiving side, a frequency conversion unit, a demodulation unit, a redundancy unit, a frequency selection unit, a signal level meter, a nonlinear element, a bandpass filter, a rectifier, an evaluation unit reception quality, analog-to-digital conversion unit, standard generation unit, first, second, third and fourth comparison units, buffer block, state decoder, first, second, third, fourth and fifth counters, frequency control driver, command control driver power, modulation type control command generator, rate control command generator, coding redundancy control command generator, command decryption unit, OR element, reverse channel encoder and transmitter a. Depending on the disturbance situation in the communication channel, the system allows for the restructuring of the following parameters: carrier frequency, radiation power, information symbol transmission rate, and the type of modulation and coding method. 2 Il.

Description

The invention relates to radio technology and can be used in radio communication systems KB, VHF frequency bands.

The aim of the invention is to increase the reliability of the reception of information

FIG. Figures 1 and 2 show the functional diagrams (transmitter and receiver part of a multiparameter adaptive radio system for transmitting discrete information, respectively).

The system contains on the transmitting side a reverse channel receiver 1, a decoder 2, a decoder 3 commands, a block, 4 encoding controls, a 5 rate control block, a block 6

modulation type selection, optimum frequency selection unit 7, transmission power control unit 8, clock generator 9, coding unit 10, buffer storage 11, modulation unit 12, exciter 13 and power amplifier 14, on the receiving side - conversion unit 15 frequency, demodulation block 16, block 17 eliminating excess

accuracy, frequency selection unit 18, signal level meter 19, nonlinear element 20, bandpass filter 21, rectifier 22, reception quality evaluation unit 23, analog-to-digital conversion unit 24, reference formation unit 25, first 26, second 27, third 28 and fourth 29 comparison blocks, buffer block 30, condition decoder 31, first 32, second 33, third 34, fourth 35 and fifth 36 counters, shaper 37 frequency control commands, shaper 38 power control commands, shaper 39-commands control of the type of modulation, shaper 40 command d control of the transmission rate, shaper 41 commands for coding redundancy management, block 42 for decryption of PII commands, element OR 43, encoder 44 and reverse channel transmitter 45.

The system works as follows. Reverse channel receiver 1 is designed to receive control commands in the form of discrete signals. The receiver 1 transmits the received control commands: left to the decoder 2, which removes code redundancy from the control commands and sends them to the decoder 3 control commands, Descriptor 3 is designed to determine the address control command of the execution units 4-8 received at its input control, as well as issuing signals to their inputs to control parameters. transmission over the air. The coding control unit 4 regulates the redundancy and provides control signals to the coding unit 10, which is intended to change the method. encoding discrete information at its input. The control unit 5, the speed of information transfer, causes the control signals to the clock generator 9 by varying its frequency. The clock generator 9 determines the speed of information retrieval to the transmission path from the buffer storage device 11. The buffer storage device 11 is intended for

Q 5

0 0

0

five

matching the rate of transmission of discrete information from sources of information coming through block 10 with the set transmission rate over the channel. The modulation unit 12, the exciter 13 and the power amplifier 14 are comprised of radio transmitter nodes with advanced capabilities for emitting various types of radio signals and adjustable power of the radiation. The modulation type selection unit 6 generates control signals for the 12 modulation unit in order to change the radio signal type in the canape. The frequency selection unit 7 applies control signals to the exciter 13 in order to change the carrier frequency of the transmission over the radio channel. Transmit power control unit 8 applies control signals to power amplifier 14 to change its gain factor.

Frequency conversion unit 15 and demodulation unit 16 are superheterodyne radio receiver nodes with advanced capabilities for receiving various types of radio signals. Block 15 includes mixers, heterodyne and intermediate frequency amplifiers, block 16 demodulation - a set of demodulators for the types of radio signals used at the reception. The redundancy exclusion unit 17 is designed; to eliminate redundancy embedded in the discrete information by the unit 10 on the transmitting side of the radio communication system. Block 18 frequency selection is designed to analyze the noise situation at the frequencies of the working range of the radio in terms of the signal / noise ratio and the choice of the optimal frequency. The signal level measuring unit 19 measures the level of the received signal at the set carrier frequency, the Nonlinear element 20, the bandpass filter 21 and the slider 22 constitute in common the pattern of detecting interference concentrated along the spectrum with the received radio signal. Unit 23 for assessing the quality of reception is intended for the analysis of dis- pulses; multiple information after the block of demodulators, for example, on edge distortions and fragmentation.

The results of the analysis from blocks 18, 19, 22, 23 are fed to block 24 of the analog-i logo-digital conversion, which is intended to convert the measurement results obtained

515

blocks 18, 19, 22, 23, from analog to digital form, necessary for the operation of subsequent blocks of the system. The formation unit 25 is designed to store in discrete form data on the admission values of parameters measured by blocks 18-23 and set them into comparison blocks 26-29., Comparison blocks 26-29 are designed to compare measured values of parameters with reference ones and managers

signals are Norm or Greater than norm per buffer block 30. Block 30 is intended for storing the comparison results from blocks 26-29 and transmitting them to a state decoder 31. The decoder 31 is designed to convert a binary code arriving at its four inputs from block 30 into control positional signals at one of its three outputs. The time mode of operation of the decoder. 31 is set by a timing signal. Counters 32-36 adaptation steps are designed to count the number of control signals appearing at the outputs of the decoder 31, and determine the number of gradations of changes in transmission parameters (power, carrier frequencies, types of radio signals, information transmission rates and coding methods)

The shapers 37, 38, 39, 40, 41 commands for changing the carrier frequency, changing the power of the radiated radio signals, changing the modulation type, changing the clock frequency, introducing redundancy, form the signals from the decoder 31 discrete commands to change the corresponding transmission parameters over the radio channel with a view to their subsequent transmission through the element OR 43, the encoder 44 and the reverse channel transmitter 45 to the transmitting side of the radio communication system. Command shapers 37-41 are identical in structure. The output command from the drivers is represented as an address part plus commands. For example, at semiraz-. A number of control commands from the formers make possible their following structure:

a) address part:

001 - block 4 address;

010- block 5 address;

011- block 6 address;

100 - block 7 address;

101 is the address of block 8;

b) teams:

0000- initial installation (rejection of the array of frequencies);

0001 ... 1111 - control commands corresponding to the gradations of changes in the transmission parameters in arrays of the used powers of the radiated radio signals, carrier frequencies, the signal of the radio signal, the rates of transmission of the critical information, the noise-resistant codes used. In this case, the address part is set for each driver constant, and ko-.

A command is generated by signals from counters 32-36,

Encoder 44 is designed to implement error-correcting coding of control commands in order to achieve

required reliability of their transmission on the reverse channel. The command decryption unit 42 is designed to convert control commands from drivers 37, 39, 40 and 41 into control signals by a receiving device in order to set a given carrier frequency at the reception (at block 15) of the received radio signal and the speed of the received information (on

.block 16), a method for removing code redundancy (in block 17), A

five

0

five

In the initial state, the transmitting and receiving sides of the system are installed:

a) an array of possible for the operation of carrier frequencies f ,,;. fsc and the order of their change from f, to f y on blocks 13

and 15j

b) the number of steps for varying the power of the radiated radio signals from the RMIC D ° RMIX power amplifier

c) an array of radio signals possible for operation and the order of their change on blocks 12 and 16;

d) an array of possible rates of transmission of discrete information. t.

 . |: order of their change in blocks 9, 11 and 16;

e) an array of possible methods for encoding information and the order of their application on blocks 10 and 17;

e) in block 25 the maximum permissible values for a given amount of radio communication are recorded in digital 5 form at the output of the demodulation unit 16 and the level of concentrated interference at the output of the unit 15

0

to

15

20

thirty

and the minimum allowable values of the signal-to-noise ratio and the level of the received signal at the input of the frequency-conversion unit 15;

g) counters 32-36 are installed in, and a number of them are calculated for the number of units for counting before their overflow, corresponding to the number of gradations in variable carrier frequencies, in the radio channel (counter 32), power of the radiated radio signals (counter 33), work (counter 34), the clock frequency of transmission of discrete information (counter 35), the number of used error-correcting codes (counter 36),

Entry into the radio begins at the first carrier frequency f from the array of possible operating frequencies. At this frequency, a discrete information signal is transmitted, and the redundancy of unit 10 does not introduce a clock rate of transmission from the buffer accumulator 11 corresponds to the maximum-25 but possible from the array used to transmit speeds, the type of radio signal generated by block 12 corresponds to the least robust type of the array of types used by for operation., the radiation power of the radio signal from the amplifier 14 is minimal

of the whole set of possible

I

On the receiving side of the radio system

the radio signal with frequency f passes the path of the radio receiving device containing blocks 15, 16, 17, while the block 18 measures the signal-to-noise ratio, measuring 19 the level of the received signal, the blocks 20, 21, 22 detect the presence of spectrum-centered Since the signal is received by the MbJM radio signal and its level is determined, block 23 measures the distortions of a discrete signal, for example, edge "The results of all measurements are received via four inputs to an analog-to-digital conversion unit 24, which converts them from analog to digital form and Sends to the inputs of the comparison blocks 26-29, the second inputs of which are digitally supplied with the reference values of the similar parameters from block 25, Blocks 26,., 29 are compared with the reference values of 1SC received from block 25, the measured signal-to-noise values (block 26 ), n the received signal (block 27), the level concentrated on the spectrum with

35

40

45

50

55

o

five

0

0

five

35

40

45

50

55

the interference signal (block 28), the level of distortion of the discrete signal (block 29) and output the unit if the measured value is greater than or equal to the reference and zero in the remaining cases. The signals emanating from the comparison circuit blocks set the outputs of the buffer block 30 to one or zero position, and then go to the state decoder 31 on four inputs in the form of codes 0000 ... 11P, State decoder 31 at the time points specified from outside. - a torus, converts the radio status code, arriving at its inputs, into a positional control code at one of its three outputs in accordance with the truth table, and thus actually determines the sequence of the radio system operation by changing the parameter and a transmission during adaptation ./

In accordance with the truth table, if there are combinations at the inputs of the decoder 31 0011, 0111, 1011, 1111 (the situation when the carrier frequency is set for operation is affected by interference), the decoder 31 forms the control unit at the first output, which is written to the scratch 32 and simultaneously enters the driver of the following 37 control commands: a frequency where it generates a control command. The imager 37 outputs the address portion of block 7 (e.g., 100, as described above) and the control command (e.g., 0001). From the output of imager 37, the control command in the form of a combination 100,0001 goes through the OR circuit 43 to the encoder 44, where its error-correcting coding is carried out and then through the reverse channel transmitter 45 is fed to the transmitting side of the system.

On the transmitting side of the system, a control command is received by receiver 1 of the reverse channel, decoded by decoder 2, and fed to the input of the decoder 3, which determines the block address 7 and sends command 0001 to it, Block 7 by the received command establishes in the driver 13 carrier frequency; transmission over the air channel resulting from the used frequency array, t, e, f, simultaneously from the output of the imaging unit 37 on the receiving side of the system through the block 42 of the decryptions

sets the frequency f on the reception unit 15.

The new carrier frequency f repeats the system operation cycle for state analysis and, if combinations 0011, 0111, 1011 or 1111 continue to remain at the outputs of the buffer unit 30, the decoder 31 generates the command 100 0010 through the imager 37 - 1.00 0011 - t .d to fk.

frequency f to set f and

3

When enumerating all carrier frequencies from the array of possible for operation of the counter 32, in which the number of units corresponding to the number of possible operating frequencies is set for counting, the shaper 37 is in the 100 OOOQ state. This command is transmitted to the transmitting side of the system. In this case, it is necessary to assign a new array of operating frequencies to the transmitting and receiving sides of the system and repeat the entry into radio communication on the first of them. At the same time, the overflow of the counter 32 leads to the installation of the counters 32-36 in the zero state.

resets the imaging unit 39 to the state 011 0000 and writes the unit to the counter 35 and the imaging unit 40 of the control commands for the transmission rate,

15 which forms the commands 0001 ... 1111 with the address 010 along the chain: blocks 43, 44, 45, 1, 2, 3, 5, 9, 11, changing the transmission rate of discrete information over the radio channel. 42, a predetermined bandwidth of the radio receiver unit in block 16 is set. When using all possible discrete information transfer rates, counter 35 overflows, resets shaper 40 to 010 0000 state, and writes one into counter 36 and shaper 41 of hub i control commands. KCH, J L. L

jn coding accuracy, which is IF-form, on the newly established frequency- 30- ,, 0001 ... 11M with the address

40

There are no-above combinations of states and states for operation at the inputs of the decoder 31 (there is no concentrated interference, but combinations 0000, i i 0001, 1000 or 1001 occur (the signal power transmitted in the radio channel is low), the decoder 31 forms the control unit by the second output, which is recorded in the counter 33 and simultaneously enters the input of the driver of the power control commands 38.

The imaging unit 38 outputs at its output the address part of block 8 (for example, UT, as described above) plus the control command .0001, which, through blocks 43, 44, 45, 1, 2, 3, 8, changes the transmit power of amplifier 14 by one step, then the analysis of the states at the inputs of the decoder 31 is repeated. If, if all possible powers are searched, the states at the inputs of the decoder 31 have not changed, the counter 33 overflows, resets 101 0000 the driver 38, writes one into the counter 55 34 and simultaneously in the imaging unit 39 of the commands for controlling the type of module ii. Shaper 39 issues control command in the form of 011 0001 along the chain: blog

Rubt commands 0001 ... 1111 with the address 001 along the chain: blocks 43, 44, 45, 1, 2, 3, 4, 10, changing the encoding method, discrete information. At the same time with

shaper 41 control command 35 through decryption block 42 changes decoding law in block 17 on the receiver side of the system. When using all methods of encoding discrete information, counter 36 overflows, resets 001 0000 to shaper 41, simultaneously resets counters 33-36 to zero and adds one to counter 32 and shaper 37, which means the formation of a command in the circuit: blocks 37, 43, 44, 45, 1, 2, 3, 7, 13 to install a new carrier frequency in the diode channel, after which the cycle of the system for analyzing the state is repeated.

45

50

When a combination of 0100, 0101 or 1101 combinations appears at the inputs of the decoder 31, the signal level at the reception is normal, but there are unacceptable discrete signal distortions. The adaptation of the radio communication system upon reaching the specified communication quality starts with the counter

Oer 1, a-

Quiet

58590210

43, 44, 45, 1, 2, 3, 6, 12, which changes the form of the radio signal in the radio channel. Simultaneously from the output of the shaper 39, the control command through the command decryption unit 42 sets the corresponding type of the received radio signal in block 16. When using all possible types

. By operation, counter 34 overflows,

resets the imaging unit 39 to the state 011 0000 and writes the unit to the counter 35 and the imaging unit 40 of the control commands for the transmission rate,

15 which forms the commands 0001 ... 1111 with the address 010 along the chain: blocks 43, 44, 45, 1, 2, 3, 5, 9, 11, changing the transmission rate of discrete information over the radio channel. 42, a predetermined bandwidth of the radio receiver unit in block 16 is set. When using all possible discrete information transfer rates, the counter 35 overflows, resets the driver 40 to the state 010 0000 and writes the unit to the counter 36 and the encoder shaper 41 for controlling the excess encoding, cat The third form is 30- ,, 0001 ... 11M with the address

40

55

Rubt commands 0001 ... 1111 with the address 001 along the chain: blocks 43, 44, 45, 1, 2, 3, 4, 10, changing the encoding method, discrete information. At the same time with

shaper 41 control command 35 through decryption block 42 changes decoding law in block 17 on the receiver side of the system. When using all methods of encoding discrete information, counter 36 overflows, resets 001 0000 to shaper 41, simultaneously resets counters 33-36 to zero and adds one to counter 32 and shaper 37, which means the formation of a command in the circuit: blocks 37, 43, 44, 45, 1, 2, 3, 7, 13 to install a new carrier frequency in the diode channel, after which the cycle of the system for analyzing the state is repeated.

45

50

When a combination of 0100, 0101 or 1101 combinations appears at the inputs of the decoder 31, the signal level at the reception is normal, but there are unacceptable discrete signal distortions. The adaptation of the radio communication system upon reaching the specified communication quality starts with the counter

FOR and the driver 39 (in this case, the decoder 31 carries the control unit to output 3) according to the algorithm described above.

If a combination of 1100 (ideal communication state) appears at the installed carrier loop at the inputs of depressor 31, then the decoder 31 does not control the control .Q unit at its outputs and the communication system is

in working condition.

The achieved communication quality in the system is specified by the corresponding record; The use of standards for adapting can be changed by applying: decoders 31 with different -i decryption algorithms, while the algorithm Atspatzm1 (itself becomes adaptive; By these conditions radio, U. l1lche: the range of gradations of variable parameters I is preset

: counters: to a given count value t Speed of operation s.lstema po25

; Kzmaneikyu transmission parameters for Gdapta11, and is set by the timing device from the outside, which determines the moments of operation of the DepthFlator 31 but the analysis of the conditions in, Q

: F o rm y l. a and 3 about 5 th e te s and

A multiparameter adaptive radio communication system for dis- transmission. on the transmitting side, the receiver Kiyy.pa. and connected in series the coding control unit and the coding unit, the input of which in the 40 l of the eGSC is equipped with an information input on the receiving side of the reverse channel transmitter, serially connected frequency conversion unit and a demodulation unit, a succession of a shy-1o connected non-linear element whose input is a co-driver, a zenen with an output of a frequency conversion unit, a band-pass filter and an interleaver, afterwards connected to the unit in boron. The optimal frequency, whose input is connected to the input of the frequency converter and 1F, measures the signal level, characterized in that, in order to increase the reliability of the reception of information, sequentially connected buffer storage, modulation unit, are entered on the transmitting side, exciter and power amplifier, serially connected decoder and command decoder, the corresponding outputs of the command decoder are connected to the input of the coding control unit through serially connected speed control units transmitters and a clock generator with a control input of a buffer accumulator, through a modulation type selection unit with a control input of a modulation unit, through a frequency selection unit with an exciter control input, through a transmitter power control unit and with a control input of power amplifiers, the output of the receiver of the reverse channel is connected to the input of the decoder, and on the receiving side a redundancy exclusion unit, a reception quality evaluation unit, an analog-to-digital conversion unit, first, second, third and fourth comparison blocks, cat outputs through successively connected buffer block and state desquamator are connected to the counting inputs of the first, second, third counters, respectively, frequency control command generator, driver of radiation power control commands driver of modulation type control commands, rate control command driver, encoder command reducer commands , a series-connected OR element and a coder, a fifth counter, a benchmark block and a command decryption unit, the first The second output of which is connected to the equalizing input of the frequency conversion unit, the second and third outputs of the command decryption unit are connected to the corresponding control inputs of the demodulation unit, the output of which is connected to the inputs of the reception quality evaluation unit and the exception-redundancy unit, the control input of which is connected with the fourth output of the command decryption unit, the additional output of the set-frequency unit, the outputs of the receiver, the reception quality evaluation unit and the signal level meter are connected to the corresponding inputs of the unit analog-to-digital conversion, the outputs of which are connected to the inputs of the first, second, third and fourth comparison blocks, respectively, the second inputs of all comparison blocks are connected to the output of the standard-forming unit, the first counter of the first counter is connected to the set-13

jibiMH inputs of all counters and control input driver commands. frequency control, the input of which is combined with the counting input of the first counter, the control inputs of the second, third, fourth and fifth counters, the control input of the coding redundancy command, and the output of the fifth counter, is the counting input of which combined with the input of the coding redundancy control command generator, the control input of the transfer rate control command generator, and connected to the output of the fourth counter, the counting input of which is combined with the input of the The body of which the counting input is combined with the input of the modulation type control command generator, the control input of the power control command generator and connected to the code of the second counter, the counting input of which is combined with the second input of the power control command generator, outputs

The Q shaper of the frequency control commands, the shaper of the modulation type control commands, the shaper control command shaper and the shaper accuracy command shaper 15 are connected to the corresponding inputs of the command decryption unit and the corresponding inputs of the OR element, which is controlled by the speed control transmitting, J -.-, - to the control input of the driver of the 20 power control command code,

Mand. of controlling the type of modulation and co-input of a reverse channel transmitter under

Single with the output of the third counter, keyed to the output of the encoder.

85902

14

 , - whose counting input is combined with the input of the modulation type control command generator, the control input of the power control command generator and connected to the code of the second counter, the counting input of which is combined with the second input of the power control command generator, outputs

The Q shaper of the frequency control commands, the shaper of the modulation type control commands, the shaper control command shaper, and the shaper accuracy control command shaper are connected to the corresponding inputs of the command decryption unit and the corresponding inputs of the OR element, j. -, -

one

one

one

Input state:

Input 1; signal / noise ratio

Input 2: received signal level

Input 3: loudspeaker level

Input 4: discrete signal distortion

0- below the norm;

1- norm and above normal.

gozid work

 II

Unreal condition

Frequency struck by interference

Mala transmitter power

Mala transmitter power

Unreal condition

Frequency struck by interference

Perfect state of communication

The signal level is normal, three

search more robust

work

Frequency struck by interference

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Claims (1)

A multi-parameter adaptive radio communication system for transmitting discrete information, comprising a reverse channel receiver and a coding control unit and a coding unit, the input of which is an information input of the device, and a reverse channel transmitter, a series-connected frequency conversion unit and a demodulation unit, at the receiving side serially connected non-linear element, the input of which is connected to the output of the frequency conversion unit, bandpass an filter and a rectifier connected in series to the optimal frequency selection unit, the input of which is connected to the input of the frequency conversion unit, and a signal level meter, characterized in that, with a chain for increasing the reliability of information reception, sequentially connected buffer storage, modulation unit, exciter and power amplifier, series-connected decoder and decoder commands, and the corresponding outputs of the command decoder are connected to the input of the coding control unit through h consecutively connected the transmission speed control unit and the clock generator with the control input of the buffer storage device, through the modulation type selection unit with the control input of the modulation unit, through the frequency selection unit with the control exciter input, through the transmitter power control unit and with the amplifier control input · power output the return channel receiver is connected to the decoder input, and on the receiving side, the redundancy elimination block, the reception quality assessment block, the analog-to-digital conversion unit, first swarm, third and fourth comparison blocks, the outputs of which are connected through a series-connected buffer block and a state decoder to the counting inputs of the first, second, third counters, respectively, a frequency control command generator, a radiation power control command generator, a modulation type control command generator, a control command generator baud rate, coding redundancy control command generator, sequentially connected OR element and encoder, fifth counter, block · the standard formation and the command decryption unit, the first output of which is connected to the control input of the frequency conversion unit, the second and third outputs of the command decryption unit are connected to the corresponding control inputs of the demodulation unit, the output of which is connected to the inputs of the reception quality assessment unit and the exclusion block · redundancy, control input which is connected to the fourth output of the command decryption block, an additional output of the frequency dialing unit, the outputs of the rectifier, the block of reception quality assessment and the level meter the channels are connected to the corresponding inputs of the analog-to-digital conversion unit, the outputs of which are connected to the inputs of the first, second, third, and fourth comparison blocks, respectively, the second inputs of all comparison blocks are connected to the output of the reference block, the output of the first counter is connected to 1585902 14 main inputs of all counters and the control input of the command shaper. frequency control, the input of which is combined with the counting input of the first counter, the control inputs of the second, third, fourth and fifth counters, the control input of the shaper control commands redundancy, coding and connected to the output of the fifth counter, the counting input of which is combined with the input of the shaper control commands coding redundancy, controlling the input of the command rate generator and is connected to the output of the fourth counter, the counting input of which is combined with the input of the generator commands for controlling the transmission rate, I control input of the shaper — f 2Q mavd for controlling the type of modulation and is connected to the output of the third counter, the counting input of which is combined with the input of the shaper of commands for controlling the type of modulation, controlling the input of the shaper of power control commands and connected to the second counter, the counting input of which is combined with the second input of the power control command generator, the outputs of the frequency control command generator, the command generator of the type of modulation, f rmirovatelya commands control the transmission rate and coding redundancy generator control command unit connected to deshifra- 'corresponding inputs • tion commands and respective inputs of the OR gate, a further input of which is connected, on the reverse channel generator output power control commands by key input of the transmitter output to the encoder. Inputs Outputs Primary decision one ! 2 ί ³ ί four one ² 3 0 0 0 0 one Low transmitter power 0 0 0 one one Low transmitter power 0 0 one 0 Unreal state 0 0 one one one Frequency affected by interference • 0 one 0 0 one The signal strength is normal, but the corresponding Signal to noise ratio is small for type of operation given 0 one 0 one one _ II _ 0 one one 0 Unreal state 0 one one one one Frequency affected by interference one 0 0 0 one Low transmitter power one 0 0 one one Low transmitter power one 0 one 0 Unreal state one 0 one one one Frequency affected by interference one one 0 0 Perfect state of communication one one 0 one one Signal level is normal, required search for more noise-tolerant work species' one one one one one Frequency affected by interference