SU1584823A1 - Method of assessing winter-hardness of plants of winter cereal crops - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to agriculture and can be used in breeding works for winter hardiness. The goal is to improve the accuracy of assessment and the ability to assess in areas with warm winters. For the implementation of the method, plants are grown on raised ridges bounded laterally by a metal contour. Hrids are formed by a width of 6-8 cm, and sowing is carried out in one row longitudinally gr de center.

Description

one

(21) 4229493 / 30-13

(22) 03/10/87

(46) 08/15/90. Bul No. 30

(71) Ukrainian agricultural farm

academy

(72) M.A. Zelensky and V.M. Vinnichuk

(53) 632.111.53 (088.8)

(56) Methods for assessing plant resistance to adverse environmental conditions. L .: Kolos, 1976, pp.122-127.

(54) METHOD FOR EVALUATING THE WINTER RESISTANCE OF PLANTS OF WINTER GRAIN CROPS

(57) The invention relates to agriculture and can be used in breeding for winter hardiness. The goal is to improve the accuracy of assessment and the ability to assess in areas with warm winters. For the implementation of the method, plants are grown on raised ridges bounded laterally by a metal contour. Hrids are formed by a width of 6-8 cm, and sowing is carried out in one row longitudinally gr de center. 2 tab.

The invention relates to agriculture and can be used in breeding works for winter hardiness.

The purpose of the invention is to improve the accuracy of assessment and the ability to assess in areas with warm winters.

For the implementation of the method, the seeds of the tested varieties and selection samples of hybrids of any generation are sown on narrow raised ridges at the usual time for sowing with the usual rate of sowing of seeds.

Raised narrow heads are created with the help of boxes, which are made of tin 0.5 mm thick, while the boxes, and hence the heads themselves, can be of arbitrary length, not exceeding 6-8 cm in width with a side height of about 12 cm. . Boxes do not have bottom. On one side they are pressed into the soil to a depth of 3-4 cm. The rest of the box (8-10 cm) is filled with soil. Formed, in this way, elevated narrow ridges are used to assess the winter hardiness of the studied hybrid and other breeding material and cultivated varieties.

On a stationary site for estimating the winter hardiness of winter crops, the required number of narrow raised grades is created.

Sowing the seeds of the tested samples is carried out longitudinally along the centerline of the raised ridge to a depth of 4–5 cm. In vegetative plants, the tillering node is located 3-4 cm from the side walls of the ducts, 2-3 cm from the soil surface grams and 4-5 cm from the soil surface. The root system of such plants in the process of growth spreads in the parent soil.

Example. In the winter of 1982-1983, the average daily air temperature in winter months was la -14.3 ° C, the soil temperature at the depth of the hall was ha 315

tillering node is –6.1 ° С, a. on raised ridges 6 cm wide - 9.1 ° С. R snowless winter of 1983-1984, the average air temperature was -11.7 ° C, the soil temperature with a flat surface

in the area of the bedding of the tillering knot is -8.8 ° C, and on elevated ridges -10.6 ° C. During the snowy winter months of 1984-1985, the soil in the area of the node of the tiller on the raised ridges cooled to -6.8 C, while on the leveled area it in the node of the tillering cooled only to -4.9 ° С .

Under the described wintering conditions for different varieties and hybrids of winter wheat, depending on their winter hardiness, different numbers of plants were eliminated by natural selection, which is reflected in Table 1.

For an average of three years, this difference was 8.2%, and in the winter of 1984-1985 it reached 10.5%. Taking into account the sufficient homogeneity of the population (Y - 1) in all traits, including frost and winter hardiness, it can be concluded that when growing early generations, during hibernation, significantly more plants than 6 control.

The results of the evaluation of winter-hardiness of winter wheat plants are given in table 2.

Analysis of Table 2 shows that in the Illichevka cultivar in the winter of 1982-1983, in sowing on leveled soil, 7.8% of the plants died due to the low winter hardiness, and 16.7% on high ridges; an average of three years

 Medium 9 samples.

with

five

0

Q

thirty

five

35

40

at usual grades, 13.2%, and at high grades, 20.8%. The same pattern of elimination of a non-resistant material can also be seen from other samples.

Growing winter wheat in high tide, in which there is no bottom and therefore the root system penetrates deep into the soil, brings plant material as close as possible to the natural absorption mode of nutrients and moisture from the soil, and the tillering node experiences the effect of low temperatures. In addition, when the width of the ridge is 6-8 cm, the location of the plants in a row along the center along the ridge prevents the insulating influence of the soil cover and ensures a uniform twitching of the tillering unit of the plant.

Claims (1)

Invention Formula A method for assessing the winter hardiness of winter grain crops, sowing and growing plants in natural conditions on raised ridges above the soil surface, bounded from the sides, and taking into account the dead and surviving plants in the spring, the results of which. winter hardiness is estimated, in order to increase the accuracy of assessment and assessment in areas with warm winters, plants are grown on raised ridges bounded laterally by a metal contour, while the ridges are formed 6–8 cm wide carried out in one row longitudinally in the center, i Table 1 Illichivka (standard) Kinka x x Bezosta t Illichivka to x Mermaid Erythrospermum 337 x K-3133 K-3195 x Mironovsk jubilee Erythrospermum 287 x Erythrospermum 204 Ivanovsk 13 x Alabasska Mironovska 808 x Odessa 51 Odessa polukarlikova x Mironovska 808 9.4 19.1 13.6 19.0 13.8 27.5 7.2 15.8 21.6 31.6 11.1 24.1 12.3 21.9 13.6 23.8 11.6 13.8 21.6 27.5 14.8 28.6 16.3 23.3 11.9 21.7 12.8 24.6 17.6 21.4 14.1 22.6 table 2 19.0 13.8 27.5 12.3 21.9 13.6 23.8