SU1581706A1 - Ifpd biogas - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of processing organic waste from agricultural production, for example, manure and litter of livestock and poultry farms, with the production of combustible gas of high-quality fertilizers and environmental protection conditions. The aim of the invention is to increase the capacity of the plant according to the initial mass and biogas. The initial manure in the tank 1 is subjected to grinding by the device 3 and mixing through the jet nozzle 5. Periodically obtained homogeneous mass by switch 4 is directed to the fine grinding destructor 11. The mass is then fed to the preheater 13, where it is heated with the aid of a tube-in-tube heat exchanger and fed to the reactor 25, in which the fermentation process takes place, intensified by the coils and the paddle stirrers. Gas is collected by a gas tank 42. 1 c.p. f-ly, 6 ill.

Description

fine grinding gear 11. The mass is then fed to the preheater 13, where, using a heat exchanger such as a pipe in the pipe, it is heated and fed to the reactor 25 in which

the fermentation process intensified by coils and paddle mixers. Gas is collected by the gas tank. 1 hp f-ly, 6 ill.

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular, to processing lines and installations for the anaerobic processing of organic waste from agricultural production, such as manure and manure from livestock and poultry farms, 5 to produce combustible gas, high-quality fertilizers, and environmental protection conditions.

The aim of the invention is to increase the capacity of the plant according to the initial mass and biogas.

FIG. 1 shows the scheme of the proposed installation when working with two reactors; FIG. 2 is a section A-A in FIG. one; in fig. 3 shows a section BB in FIG. 1 | FIG. 4 is a section B-B in FIG. 2; in fig. 5 - section G-D in FIG. 3j in FIG. 6 - section D-D in FIG. 3

The biogas plant for anaerobic processing of organic waste, such as manure and manure, contains a tank 1 of the initial organic mass (collection pouch) in which a semi-submersible pump 2 is installed with an inlet grinding device 3 and an output switch 4S that directs the flow Or through a jet homogenizing device 5 (nozzles) to the receiving tank 1, or to the switchgear 6 with three output pipelines with controlled shut-off valves 7,8,9 (for example, electrically operated hose valves house). The circulating pipe 7 is looped to the receiving tank, the pipe 9 is connected to the capacity 10 of the fermented mass (manure storage), and the third pipe 8 is connected through the destructor P fine grinding to the feed pipe 12 of the preheater 13. The heater 13 is made in the form of a thermally insulated horizontal cylinder with one hundred

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from the vertical longitudinal axial plane of the pipelines: the upper feed 32 and circulating 14, the intake part 15 of which is counter mounted on the longitudinal axis of the guide device 16 of the feed pipe 12, which is a segment flap installed at an angle to the outlet of the feed pipe, circulating The pipe 14 through the pump 17 of the fecal type is looped over with the heater 13 inside the heater 13 that is open in the cavity of the lower horizontal two row tubular heat exchanger of the tube type in the tube with pipe ruzhnym conduit 19. The top of the heater 13 in the axial plane on the opposite side of the suction zone is set at an acute angle to the bottom of the paddle mixer 20 to the motor. In the preheater 13, on the other side of the vertical axis, a discharge pipe 21s connected through a metering pump 22 and an adjustable shut-off valve 23 to the upper supply pipe 24 of one of the reactors 25 is located in the lower part of the Egpatchic. coils 26,27,28, made in the form of heat exchangers, for example, three tubular vertical coils with heating pipes, 29, the gaps between which are greater than the sum of the height n grevatelnogo member and twice the diameter of the shaft 30 of the mixer. The coils are installed so that the next one, for example 27, is offset relative to the previous 26 by (0.5 + p) pitch between the heating tubes 29. The mixer is made with trellised blades 31 having a toothed comb around the perimeter. The reactor is equipped with a water seal 32, made with a central funnel-shaped fence51

tube 33, offset from the vertical axis., with two mutually perpendicular elbows 34 and 35 arranged so that the drain nipple lies in the vertical longitudinal plane of the reactor, which rests on the uprights 36. A collector discharge pipe 37 passes from the drain nipple into the tank fermented mass 10 (near-farm manure, schE). The gas collection cap 38 is connected via a gas pipeline 39 via a biogas extraction pump 40 and a moisture separator 41 to a gas tank 42, which is equipped with a safety valve 43 and a gas distribution device 44 with gas pipelines 45 to an external consumer and to a gas burner of a water-heating boiler 46 with fittings.

Through distribution manifold

47g water supplied with controlled output solenoid valves

48 and pipelines 49.50, boiler 46 is connected to the inlets of heat exchangers 19, 26 of the preheater 13 and reactors 25. The outlets of these heat exchangers are connected through pipe 51 through a circulation pump 52 to the input of an electric boiler 53 and further through a shut-off valve 54.55.56 and a bypass line with the inlet and outlet of the water heating boiler 46. In the tank 1 of the initial mass, there are sensors of the upper 57 and lower 58 levels: in the heater 13 - sensors 59.60,61, respectively, temperatures, upper and lower levels, in the reactor 25 - sensors 62 and 63, respectively, temperatures fermenting the mass to and biogas pressure.

Installation for the production of biogas works as follows.

The original manure (manure) is delivered from the farm to the tank 1, where it is pumped 2 with the input chopping device 3 and with the switch 4 installed for mixing through the jet nozzle 5 undergoes intensive mixing and homogenization with the primary grinding of the existing large organic inclusions (residues feed, bedding, etc.). Periodically, according to the technological regulations, the obtained homogeneous mass by the switch 4 is directed through the distribution manifold 6 and the open hose valve with electric heater

water 8 into the destructor 1 1 fine grinding, which provides further mechanical crushing, dispersion of particles of organic substances to less than 1–2 mm, homogenization and thermal activation of the manure mass, which improves and accelerates mass transfer, physical and chemical processes in

Bacteria and microbiological processing, for example, both at the primary stages of hydrolysis, acid formation, and at the main stage of methanogenesis. From

5 grinder mass flows through conduit 12 into the upper side zone of the heater 13. By means of the device 16, the flow is directed to the same lateral, opposite lower zone of the heater 13, where the circulating pipeline 14 is installed, the intake part 15 of which is located opposite to the longitudinal axis of the guide device 16 (Fig. 2,3). A pump 17 of a fecal type of incoming cold mass is pumped through the internal tube 18 of the heat exchanger tube in the tube into the cavity of the preheater 13. Circulating through the heat exchanger provides both heating the mass to the fermentation process temperature and maintaining the mass in a homogeneous state. The temperature is controlled by the sensor 59. The counter position on one axis of the guide device 16 and the intake part 15 provides the conditions for accelerated intake and preheating of the initial cold portion of manure with partial mixing with the main mass, destruction of surface formations. At the same time, the sedimentary part of the mass with mechanical, abrasive particles and the possible penetration of the reactor are prevented. The lower location and two-door design of a tube-in-tube heat exchanger solves the problem of efficiently heating the fresh mass, heat compensation from

50 losses through the bottom and walls, heat stabilization of the main volume of the medium in the support. To prevent crust formation and its destruction, intensive mixing, in the preheater, a paddle stirrer is installed in its upper part in the axial plane on the opposite side of the intake zone at an acute angle to the bottom. 20. Sensors 60 and 61 upper 55

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th and lower levels regulate timely portioned supply of fresh mass. In addition to mass preheating, preheater 13 proceeds through the primary stages of the anaerobic methane formation process: anaerobic processes of decomposition of complex high molecular weight compounds, formations of low molecular weight organic acids, alcohols, and other starting materials for the metogenesis of substances. When the stop valve 23 is opened, the metering pump 22 from the bottom of the preheater 13 (on the other side of the vertical axis) pumps a certain portion prepared for the main fermentation of the slurry into the reactor 25. At the same time, with an increase in the overall level in the reactor 25, the equivalent volume of the fermented mass is dumped through the hydraulic lock 32 and pipeline 37 into the tank 10 of the fermented mass. In a horizontal cylindrical flow-type reactor 25, the mass moves zigzagly up and down the cylinder which are formed by submerged, immersion-mixing coils 26–28 sec. At the same time, some of the mass has the ability to pass through heat exchange partitions5 washing the heating elements, which improves the conditions thermo stabilization. The displacement of the coils relative to each other, taking into account the need for the shaft to pass through them and the formation of a zigzag flow in the reactor, which is (O, 5 + n) step between the heating elements, provides a certain arrangement of heating evil of the subsequent heat exchanger opposite the gap between the elements of the previous heat exchanger (FIG. b). In this way, the hydrodynamics of the flows is changed, the compo sition of c. and the trajectories are curved.) which is also favorably reflected in heat and mass transfer processes. Serpents, "ki" are connected with each other sequentially 9 with the entrance of a hot heat carrier — water into the first one from the pressure side of the mass into the reactor and the output from the last one from the discharge side. switching on the supply of hot water to the system from the distribution kap15817068

The lecturer 47 with controlled electrical valves 48. The fermented mass in all sections of the reactor chambers is periodically mixed with a low-speed reversible mechanical stirrer with blades 3) mounted diametrically on the shaft 30 diametrically between the reactor walls and the coils (FIG. four). In this case, the lattice execution of the blade 31 with a comb-toothed perimeter ensures effective loosening of the surface layer, trapping and moving it inwards, mixing the main mass and improving gas release conditions with low revolutions, low peripheral speeds and periodic reversal of the direction of rotation of the agitator, f

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Leaves gentle mixing of the microbiological environment and intensifies methanogenesis. The biogas produced during fermentation accumulates in the upper unfilled cylindrical part of the reactor in its gas collection cap 38 having a gas pressure sensor 63. When the pressure reaches a certain value, the gas is pumped out by the gas extraction pump 40 through the moisture separator and a gas tank 42, equipped with a safety valve 43 and a gas distribution device 44 "At the same time, a certain vacuum is maintained in the reactor, favorable intensifying gassing, the magnitude of the discharge also determines the height of the knee 35 of the water seal 32 "The gas distributor 44 directs the gas either as required or to the boiler 46 to heat water going to the preheater and reactor heat exchangers, or to other consumers, for example auxiliary facilities, engine combustion with electric generators, and the generation of additional heat and electricity, etc. In case of complete use of biogas for third-party needs or its absence, an electric boiler 53 and a bypass line are provided for the heat exchangers in the water heating system. The waste heat from the heat exchangers goes to the circulation pump 52 and is pumped through boilers 46 and 53.

The presence of a switchgear 6 with controlled shut-off valves 7-9 provides, with a salvo discharge of manure drains from the ffer “f,

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Leaves gentle mixing of the microbiological environment and intensifies methanogenesis. The biogas produced during fermentation accumulates in the upper unfilled cylindrical part of the reactor in its gas collection cap 38 having a gas pressure sensor 63. When the pressure reaches a certain value, the gas is pumped out by the gas extraction pump 40 through the moisture separator and a gas tank 42, equipped with a safety valve 43 and a gas distribution device 44 "At the same time, a certain vacuum is maintained in the reactor, favorable intensifying gassing, the magnitude of the discharge also determines the height of the knee 35 of the water seal 32 "The gas distributor 44 directs the gas either as required or to the boiler 46 to heat water going to the preheater and reactor heat exchangers, or to other consumers, for example auxiliary facilities, engine combustion with electric generators, and the generation of additional heat and electricity, etc. In case of complete use of biogas for third-party needs or its absence, an electric boiler 53 and a bypass line are provided for the heat exchangers in the water heating system. The waste heat from the heat exchangers goes to the circulation pump 52 and is pumped through boilers 46 and 53.

The presence of a switchgear 6 with controlled shut-off valves 7-9 provides, with a salvo discharge of manure from the farm premises and if the permissible level in tank 1 is exceeded, opening the shutter 9 and pumping the manure directly into tank 10, and when opening shut-off valves 7 and 8, the total downstream of pump 2 to partial recycling return to the receiving tank 1 and thus reducing the mass feed to the fine grinding destructor 1 and to the heater 13, which provides a more stable p Equipment and technological line operation.

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The implementation of the hydraulic seal 32 with the intake pipe 33, offset from the vertical axis, and with two mutually perpendicular bends 34.35 (Fig. A, 5), installed so that the drain pipe lies in the vertical longitudinal plane of the reactor 25, allows structurally it is easy to solve the problem of draining, which is hampered by the presence of side supports 36.

Experimental studies of the proposed plant for the production of biogas have shown that, compared with the known plant for the digestion of manure of a similar purpose, the proposed process line provides a more complete preliminary physical, mechanical and chemical-biological preparation of the initial mass by grinding, homogenizing, heating it; the creation of favorable conditions for mass and heat exchange and the viability of microorganisms in the reactor through design improvements of heat exchangers, agitators, a hydraulic lock, which significantly increases (1.2-1.5 times) its performance on the initial mass and specific gas release, the efficiency of the process and the entire line generally. The daily capacity of the manure mass of this production line at the meophilic and thermophilic fermentation modes is more than 20% of the reactor volume, and the gas generation from the reactor reaches more than

1m

2 m / cyf. The inclusion of several reactors in the processing line allows to realize the block principle above 10

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its reconstruction and additional construction.

Claims (2)

1. Gas production unit containing capacity and masses, pump, piping, tank with a preheated heat exchanger and reactor with a stirrer and a heating element, gas tank, gas cavity with a gas cavity, reactor and exhaust pipes that increase the manufacturer It is equipped with a pipe system that connects the initial mass from the preheating with a limiting device to a non-circulating pipe with the capacity of the initial mass to a pipe from the mass, as well as a grinding destructor installed in the distribution box. construction; the receiver, the tank is initially equipped with a grinding apparatus installed at the inlet with a condenser, installed outlet, a heater with a cooling pipe, the end of which is located opposite the supply pipe, and the outlet end of the adjoining pipeline, and the heat pipe is of the type inside the pipe with circulation piping - with heat carrier piping, the stirrer under the liter is installed under the feed wire and at an angle to the bottoms 2. Installation according to claim 1, which is equipped with a hydraulic lock from the prices with a drain pipe and mutually perpendicular bends, the element of the reactor is heated in a flat tubular coil of an agitator made in a vertical plate on the longitudinal shaft of the blades with comb edge with with neither the capacity of the plant without essential between the coils. 0 five 0 five 0 five 0 five 0 Noah its reconstruction and additional construction. Invention Formula 1. Installation for the production of biogas, containing the capacity of the initial mass, a pump, a pipeline connecting the container with a heater equipped with a heat exchanger and a mixer, a reactor with a mixer and a heating element, a gas tank connected to the gas cavity of the reactor, supply and discharge pipelines characterized in that, in order to increase the productivity of the installation, it is equipped with a distribution device, connected to the pipeline, connecting the initial mass vessel with the preheater, a pipe with a capacity of the initial mass and a branch pipe with a capacity of fermented mass, as well as a fine grinding destructor installed between the distributor and the sub-; The source mass is equipped with a grinding device installed at the pump inlet, and a homogenizer installed at its outlet, the heater is equipped with a circulation pipe, the intake end of which is located in the bottom part opposite the supply line, and the output end is adjacent to the supply line, and the heat exchanger is made such as a pipe in a pipe, the internal pipe of which is connected to the circulation pipe, and external to the coolant supply pipe, the preheater mixer is installed on under the feed pipe and at an angle to the bottom. 2. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the reactor is equipped with a hydraulic lock with a central drain pipe and mutually perpendicular bends, the heating element of the reactor is made in the form of flat tubular coils installed in a vertical plane, and the stirrer is made in the form of mounted on a longitudinal shaft lattice blades with a ridge edge, Ustas FIG. 2 Aa 12 51 Y m 34 37 Fig.E lg 37 Fzg.5 1581706 in-in FIG A LL 29 FIG. 6