SU1578082A1 - Adiabatic solar water-desalinating plant - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a power system, the desalination of seawater with the help of sun and wind, and improves efficiency by providing autonomy and environmental cleanliness during operation of the installation. The original nutrient sea water, heated by the sun, flows by gravity (drawn) into the desalination plant due to the vacuum formed in it. As a feedwater preheater, either panels (flat or tubular) or spiral trays are used. To prevent evaporation, a transparent hydrophobic film floats above the surface of the "mirror" of water. At the same time, the entire area above the panels or trays on top is covered with an outer transparent shell, which creates a greenhouse effect under it. The installation provides for the utilization of heat from excess (purge) water to preheat the original feed sea water, which is recycled to the trays or panels. 3 hp f-ly, 6 ill.

Description

The invention relates to desalination, seawater, solar technology and wind power.

The purpose of the invention is to increase efficiency by ensuring autonomy and environmental cleanliness during operation of the installation.

FIG. 1 shows the principle of a flow diagram of a vertical adiabatic desalination plant, for example, a three-stage, with a condenser and a wind turbine; in fig. 2 - feedwater heater, for example, in the form of spiral-shaped trays with blackened bottom and with a floating transparent hydrophobic film; in fig. 3 shows section A-A in FIG. 2 (the cross section of the threshold before the release of the purge water in the discharge pipe); in fig. 4 shows a version of a deployed feedwater preheater for an adiabatic hapio-desalination plant using a solid transparent or blackened coating over the water surface, i.e. water grains; on league. 5 - vacuum heater for nutrient seawater of adiabatic solar plant, assembled from tubular or flat panels; in fig. 6 shows a variant of use of a vortex concentrator (PIC) in an installation instead of a wind turbine with a horizontal axis of rotation.

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The adiabatic solar plant includes a receiving grid of 1 non-return-shut-off valve 2, an automatic shut-off valve, mainly a sylphine valve 3, a restrictive (throttle) washer 4, a drainage pipeline 5, a common drain line -6 of purge water, hydraulic, shutter 7, pulse pipeline 8 , restrictive (throttle) washer 9, impulse piping 10, thermal insulation 11, double siphons 12, located in each desalination stage, drain tanks 13 (separated by a vertical bulkhead from the stages), from Wigs 14 in a vertical bulkhead, restrictive (throttle) washer 15, consumables pipelines 16, located in each stage, vertical adiabatic watermaker 17 with vertical vacuum steps, separators 18 pairs, in each stage, steam line 19 from the 3rd stage desalter, hydraulic - chesky / gate 20, moisture separator 21, wind turbine 22 (for example, Andro type), pipe 23 (duct) connecting the condenser with the wind turbine, sun visor 24 (for example, from corrugated duralumin), heat pipes 25 sensor, hydraulic valve 26, collection tank 27, distillate, equipped with double siphon and air jib, pipe 28 of product distillate, collection collector 29, restrictive (throttle) washer 30, bypass pipe 31 of sea water from the 2nd to the 3rd stage desalination plant, restrictor (throttle) washer 32, seawater overflow pipe 33 from the 1st to the 2nd stage of the desalination plant, sprinkler devices 34, hostile-located steps, drain pipe 35 (casing) of excess (purge) sea water, regenerative heat exchanger 36, compiled for example, from heat pipes, the suction inlet 37 (casing) of the original feedwater, the rotary valve 38 of the temperature or salinity regulator of the discharged water, the impulse pipes 39 (capillaries) of the regulator, the sensor of the water temperature regulator, the sensor 41 torus by salinity of water, the transverse threshold of 42 trays, the outer transparent shell 43 in the form of a half-cylinder, fixed on a solid

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frame, light transparent hydrophobic film 44, coating 45 of any thin solid heat-conducting material or transparent (with black bottom trays), or opaque (matt black), automatic gas vent 46 (taking into account the appearance of water deaeration when it is heated) , gas vent valve 47, non-return-shut valve 48, receiving grid 49, receiving pipe 50 to the panels, flat panels 51, outer transparent casing 52, tubular panels 53, receiving pipe 54 to the desalination plant, vortex concentrator 55 tower type .

A condenser with a wind turbine, for example, of the Andro type, with hollow wings and with holes at the ends, the wind begins to rotate the wind wheel. The centrifugal force, which develops at the same time, ejects the air contained in the empty wings to the outside and creates a vacuum in them. Into this vacuum, air rushes from bottom to top, or the vortex concentrator is located on a tower, or a natural coastal elevation.

Wind energy resources increase significantly with increasing height of the wind turbine above sea level. Using coastal mountains to install a wind turbine, it is possible to use a very significant power of the wind flow.

The installation works as follows.

In the presence of the necessary project (specification) wind and solar regime in relation to this geographical area, i.e. in the nominal mode, all desalination stages (for example, 3) operate in the following way.

Sufficiently heated by the sun in a tray or in a panel heater, the initial nutrient seawater enters by gravity under the influence of vacuum through the receiving grid 1 and the non-return-closing valve 2, through the sprinkling device 34 into the steam cavity of the 1st stage desalter and partially evaporate there ( the remaining water is discharged into the water cavity of the step).

Next, sea water from the 1st stage is heated by gravity, through the overflow pipe 33 it is directed through the sprinkler

device 34 into the 2nd stage steam cavity with a deeper vacuum and partially evaporates there (the remaining water is discharged into the stage water cavity).

Then, also, sea water from the 2nd stage is heated by gravity, through the overflow pipe 31 is directed through the sprinkler device 34 to the 3rd stage with the deepest vacuum and partially evaporates there (the rest of the water is discharged into the water cavity of the stage).

The vapor-air mixture formed in the desalination stages is sucked through the separators 18, and then through the steam line 19, as well as through pipes with restriction washers 32 and 30, into the collection at nominal mode, i.e. during operation of all stages, the purge sea water is cast only from the upper stage of the desalinator. In this case, the water is poured from the 3rd stage through the pipeline 16 (with the restrictive washer 15) into the upper drainage tank 13. At the same time, the discharge pipes with the restrictive washers 9 and 4 from the 2nd and 3rd stages do not work, because they

ny collector 29. Of the latter, the steam closed (closed) automatic

the air mixture enters the air-cooled condenser, combined, for example, from heat pipes 25. Then the air is removed through pipe 23, for example, into the hollow wings of the wind turbine 22, and the condensate is collected in a condenser collector, from which the distillate is directed along a pipe with a hydraulic shutter 26 into a collection tank 27 of the distillate and further to the consumers through the pipe 28 of a commercial distillate -.

The partially condensing moisture on the walls of the collecting manifold 29 is collected in the moisture separator 21 and discharged through the hydraulic shutter 20 to the collection tank 27 of the distillate. There can be several such moisture separators on a sufficiently long route of the collector.

For more efficient condenser operation, the outer upper ends of the heat pipes 25 are facing away. north (in the northern hemisphere of the earth) and are in the shade under a light visor 24 (eg 25

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shut-off valves 3.

The impulse to close the automatically shut-off valves 3 exerts hydrostatic pressure in the pipelines 10 and 8. From these impulse pipes, water is continuously drained through pipeline 5 with a restrictive washer and a hydraulic shutter.

Drain pipe 5 is provided for the case when the wind mode (wind speed) is reduced (falls) and, thus, vacuum and the upper water level in the desalination plant are falling. In this case, the pipeline 10 is dried, the shut-off valve 3 opens automatically and only two stages (1 and 2) operate.

If the energy (force) of the wind drops even lower, then the pulse pipeline 8 is dried, the automatic shut-off valve 3 is opened and then only one stage is working - 1

From each drain tank 13, emptying the portions, the purge seawater enters the drain line 6 through hydraulic gates 7. The latter are provided to prevent vacuum from breaking into the building, the desalination plant.

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measures of corrugated duralumin).

As is well known, flow adiabatic desalination plants have a high rate of purging. Only 10% of the original seawater is distilled in them, the remainder is removed (ejected) from the desalination plant. Therefore, for each desalination stage, its own drain tanks 13 are provided, equipped with double siphons 12, which periodically 55 discharge excess purge water.

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Each stage of the desalination plant and its adjacent drain tank in its

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the upper steam cavity communicates with each other by means of an orifice 14, equalizing the pressure between them. In addition, in the lower water cavity, they are interconnected by consumable pipes 16 with restrictive washers 4, 9, 15.

At nominal mode, i.e. during operation of all stages, the purge sea water is cast only from the upper stage of the desalinator. In this case, the water is poured from the 3rd stage through the pipeline 16 (with the restrictive washer 15) into the upper drain tank 13. In this case, the consumable pipelines with the restrictive washers 9 and 4 from the 2nd and 3rd stages do not work, as they

closed (blocked) by automatic

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shut-off valves 3.

The impulse to close the automatic shut-off valves 3 exerts hydrostatic pressure in the pipelines 10 and 8. From these impulse pipes the water is continuously drained through the pipeline 5 with a restrictive washer and a hydraulic shutter.

The drain pipe 5 is provided for the case when the wind mode (wind speed) is reduced (falls) and, thus, the vacuum and the upper water level in the desalination plant fall. In this case, the pipeline 10 is dried, the automatic shut-off valve 3 opens and only two stages (1 and 2) operate.

If the energy (force) of the wind drops even lower, then the pulse pipeline 8 is dried, the automatic shut-off valve 3 is opened and then only one stage is working - 1-va.

From each drain tank 13, emptying the portions, the purge seawater enters the drain line 6 through hydraulic gates 7. The latter are provided to prevent the vacuum from breaking into the housing of the desalination plant.

A non-return valve 2 prevents the desalination body from emptying during unforeseen inactivity of the installation.

Shown in FIG. 2 in two projections (in plan and in general), an installation option with a feedwater preheater of sea water, for example, in the form of spiral trays with a blackened bottom and with floating transparent hydro10

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fobic film acts as follows.

In the morning, after sunrise, its rays first pass through the outer transparent envelope 43, creating the greenhouse effect, then penetrates the floating transparent hydrophobic film 44 and gradually heat the water flowing in the trays with blackened bottom. The original seawater enters from the coastal water area of the sea through the grid into the suction inlet 37 and then into long flat, for example, spiral-shaped trays, and enters the vertical adiabatic desalinator 17. From the upper desalination stage (for example, from the 3rd), excess marine the water enters the upper drain tank 13, from which it flows through the drain pipe into the trough of the tray and then into the discharge nozzle 35.

The suction 37 and drain 35 nozzles have between each other a common adjacent wall 25, in which the regenerator is mounted. A heat exchanger 36, assembled, for example, from heat pipes, which connect the heat of the drain water to the original feed sea water that goes to the trays.

When the temperature or salinity of the bottom of the purge water rises above the allowable values, for example, at a temperature of more than 80 PS, under the influence of the temperature sensor 40, the rotary valve 38 of the drain water regulator is actuated by means of impulse tubes 39 and thus part of the water rushes into the open sea , mine regenerative heat exchanger 36, mounted in the drain pipe 35.

Similarly, the rotary valve 38 of the regulator operates - with an increase in the salinity of the drain water through the impulse communicated through the pipe 39 from the salinity sensor 41.

The butterfly valve 38, the temperature and salinity controller, is a rotary device operating according to the principle of an ordinary window vent. At the same time, the opening angle of the damper (vents) is inversely proportional to the temperature or salinity of the cast water.

Threshold 42 (FIG. 3) serves to prevent flushing of relatively fast-flowing cast (excess) water

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water floating transparent hydrophobic film. Similar thresholds 42 for the same purpose are provided at the water inlet to the desalter 17 and the water outlet from the drain tanks 13 (Fig. 2). After these thresholds, and in one case before the threshold, the trays with water are covered with a solid transparent material (for example, glass) to avoid fogging of the outer transparent shell 43.

Depicted in FIG. And the variant of the tray feedwater heater of the installation when applying a coating of solid material over the water surface (mirror) of the trays, acts similarly to the process of heating water in the trays (Fig. 2).

Shown in FIG. 5 in two projections (in plan and in general), the variant of the preheater of the initial feed sea water of the installation, assembled from flat or tubular panels, operates as follows.

To use the solar radiation flux more efficiently, the panels are installed at a certain angle to the horizon and are oriented strictly to the south (in the northern hemisphere), in particular, the optimum angle of inclination of the panel (collector) to the horizon may be 10-15 times greater than the latitude of the terrain, as it has space for solar heating systems.

In the morning, after sunrise, its rays first pass through the outer transparent envelope in the form of a greenhouse and, thereby, create a greenhouse effect under it. Then the sun heats up flat, for example, opaque heat-conducting matte-black flat 51 or tubular 53 panels. If the panels are made transparent, they should have a black screen at the bottom.

Under the influence of the vacuum in the desalination unit 17, the initial nutrient seawater is drawn in (from the receiving suction inlet of the installation) through the receiving conduit 50 through the grid 49, the non-return-closing valve 48 and the panels 51 and 53. From the latter through the receiving conduit 54 water enters the desalination plant 17

The panels themselves and the receiving pipelines are laid with a slight bias against the course of the feed sea water (for example, 1: 100). In the receiving line of the feedwater marine, there is a minimum hydraulic

resistance due to the use of low velocities of pumped water. In this connection, gas vents 46 are provided to remove possible gaseous tumors in the pipeline, in some of its stagnant points. The latter remove the vapor-air mixture formed in the panels through an independent tube to the atmosphere, outside the greenhouse (to avoid its sweating) .

MICs (Fig. 6) are designed to create high aerodynamic characteristics when developing advanced wind power plants. A VIC consists of three main elements: a tower, adjustable vertical blades (inserted into the slots of the tower), and a support-and-guide structure. In the output narrowed section of the confuser (nozzle) of the latter, the wind wheel of the wind power installation is installed.

The basic principle of a VIC is to generate high density vortexes (tornadoes) when interacting with a wind flow of low density kinematic energy, which is affected by various aerodynamic surfaces.

Adjustable vertical blades act automatically depending on the strength and direction of the wind. In doing so, they open at a certain angle from the windward side and close with the leeward side. With the indicated wind direction (from left to right), it posts blunt through open vertical vanes and twists into a high potential spiral (tornado). At the same time, low potential air is sucked through the exit narrowed cross-section of the confuser. The interaction of two streams of different potential occurs along the center line of the tower. In the solution of this vortex, the system provides the necessary discharge over the output section of the confuser and, thus, causes an increase in speed

flow through it. Due to this, the air is ejected through the duct 23 (drawn in) from the condenser with the pipes 25, providing in it the necessary vacuum.

Claims (4)

1. An adiabatic helium desalination plant comprising a preheater of the initial feed sea water with a receiver and drain nozzles a desalination plant made in the form of vertical vacuum steps with a vacuum pump drive, a condenser, connecting pipelines and fittings, such that In order to increase efficiency by ensuring autonomy and environmental cleanliness when the installation is in operation, the desalination plant is equipped with double bellows located in each vacuum stage, the condenser is installed above the desalination plant, and the drive of the vacuum pump is designed as a wind turbine. 2. Installation according to claim. 2, in which the heater is made in the form of spiral-shaped trays, over which surface a thin heat-conducting coating is placed, for example, in the form of a hydrophobic film, while the outer transparent shell is placed over the entire area of the trays 3. Installation according to claim. Characterized in that the heater is made in the form of prefabricated tubular or flat heat-conducting panels, over the whole area of which a transparent shell is placed. 4. The installation according to claim 1, from l and that the heater is equipped with a heat exchanger with a temperature and salinity regulator placed in the inlet and drain connections. w w s% r / w, w, Fig.1 5 4 J 22 ///// 37 36363B 35 42 13 P i J7 3B3636 4J5 Figure 2 33404 / b 45 I 1 45 ZigA 36 37 17  54 "6 55 FIG. B