SU1572695A1 - Hammer crusher - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to hammer mills and improves the productivity, efficiency of grinding and separation of foreign inclusions. The crusher includes a housing 1, a rotor 2 with hammers 3, an inclined precipitation chamber 6, a narrowing inclined braking chamber 7, a trap 8 with speed dampers 9, 10, waste bins 11 and the finished product 17. The hole 14 is fed and sucked out of the hole 22 the air sweeping the fuel thrown by the rotor 2. The foreign inclusions are collected in the bunker 11, and the fuel is thrown by the air stream for additional crushing. 1 hp f-ly, 1 ill.

Description

The invention relates to hammer crushers for crushing various materials and can be used in fuel and energy, mining, processing, construction and other industries.

The purpose of the invention is to increase productivity, grinding efficiency and separation of foreign matter.

The drawing shows a hammer mill, section.

The hammer crusher comprises a housing 1, a rotor 2 with hammers 3, a loading nozzle 4 with an air lock 5, which prevents air from escaping from the loading nozzle 4. The air lock 5 can be made in the form of lock or valve locks or in the form of a feeder with a constant layer of source fuel, preventing the passage of air. On the opposite side from the loading nozzle 4, above the rotor 2 there is an inclined settling chamber 6 turning into a tapering inclined braking chamber 7. The latter communicates with a cylindrical trap 8, equipped with speed dampers 9 and 10, made in the form of pockets in which the processed material accumulates. Under the trap 8 is a waste bin 11. The trap 8 communicates with the waste bin 11 by means of an adjustable slit 12. To adjust the size of the slit 12, an overlapping slide 13 is provided that can be horizontally moved and fixed. The gate 13 at the same time performs the function of a damper pocket 10 of the trap speed 8. A hole 14 for supplying air is made in the side wall of the waste bin 11. A partition 15 is installed on top of the opening 14 in the waste bin II, and a partition 16, which may be convex, is installed on the side. The partitions 15 and 16 form a chamber, which laterally through the hole 14 communicates with the air supply system (not shown), and from the bottom with the waste bin 1Ϊ.

The finished product hopper 17 is placed under the grate 18 and under the precipitation chamber 6. From the last, the finished product hopper 17 is separated by an inclined grate 19 connected at the bottom with the grate 18. A guide wall 20 is installed above the grate 19 in the upper part of the precipitation chamber 6, and in the lower, near the rotor 2, an additional guide wall 21. In the side wall of the hopper 17 of the finished product under the grate 19, a hole 22 for air exhaust is made. On top of the opening 22 in the hopper 17 of the finished product is installed an inclined partition 23, and on the side is a system of partitions 24, forming a labyrinth seal. The system of partitions 24 and the partition 23 form a chamber communicating through an opening 22 with an air exhaust system (not shown), and through passages in the system of partitions 24 with a hopper 17 of the finished product. An air shutter 25 is installed in the part of the finished product hopper 17, and an air shutter 26 is installed at the bottom of the waste bin 11. The shutters 25 and 26 can be made in the form of double locks, valves, and the like, providing discharge of waste and the finished product, but preventing air from leaving the crusher.

The hopper 17 of the finished product can be placed simultaneously under the loading nozzle 4 and separated from it by means of a grate screen 27. A guide gate 28 can be installed between the grate screen 27 and the rotor 2, under which a partition wall 29 is installed. The lower wall 30 of the finished product hopper 17 is installed inclined with a gap 31 to the partition system 24.

Hammer crusher works as follows.

Cold or heated air is introduced into the waste bin 11 through the opening 14. Passing through the slot 12, the braking chamber 7 and the precipitation chamber 6, the air through the inclined grating 19 and the partition system 24 is sucked out through the opening 22. In this case, the partition system 24, forming a labyrinth seal, promotes uniform distribution of the air flow across the width of the precipitation chamber 6 and the hopper 17 finished product. Into the crusher, the fuel intended for crushing is supplied through the loading branch pipe 4. Screening occurs on the inclined surface of the screen lattice 27: particles passing through the slots between the grates of the screen 27 fall into the hopper 17 of the finished product, larger pieces slide down to the gate 28, which directs them to the hammers 3 of the rotor 2, which rotates around a horizontal axis. The crushing of the fuel is carried out by impact with hammers 3. In this case, hammers 3 discard coal and related inclusions into the precipitation chamber 6, where smaller lighter pieces of coal lose their kinetic energy and, not reaching the braking chamber 7, fall onto the lattice 19. On the inclined surface of the lattice 19 a plumb line is carried out: particles passing through the openings of the grating 19 fall into the hopper of the finished product, and larger pieces slide to the rotor 2 for further grinding.

Crushed small pieces of coal are pressed through the grate to the hopper 17 of the finished product. The baffle 21 installed in the precipitation chamber 6 prevents a direct impact of the material flow from the grating 19, the baffle 20 directs the flow into the braking chamber 7.

In the latter there is an additional separation of pieces of coal. At the end of the braking chamber 7, due to its narrowing, the flow rate of air moving against the movement of the material increases. Relatively large chunks of fuel reaching chamber 7 are inhibited by air flow and return to sedimentation chamber 6, fall onto grating 19 and roll down to rotor 2. Metal, accompanying rock, pyrites and other wastes that got into the crusher with fuel have a significantly larger density and when hit by hammers 3 large kinetic energy, sufficient for the passage of the precipitation chamber 6 and the chamber 7 braking, overcoming the resistance of the air moving in the opposite direction. From the braking chamber 7, the waste enters the trap 8, where due to its cylindrical shape it is drawn into the vortex movement, loses speed and falls into the waste bin 11 through the adjustable slot 12. At the same time, part of the waste fills the pockets of the speed dampers 10 and 9, upon collision with which the material additionally loses speed. The largest pieces of fuel that have passed through the braking chamber 7 and trap 8 cannot pass into the waste bunker 11, since they have the same speed as the waste, but significantly lower density and gravity are insufficient to overcome the pressure of the air flow rising from the bunker 11. Flow air, fuel is thrown into the braking chamber 7 and is supplied for completion. The air flow rate and its pressure in the slit 12 are regulated by the movement of the gate 13.

The material passed into the hopper 17 of the finished product through the air shutter 25 is discharged from the crusher. The system of partitions 24, forming a labyrinth seal, prevents the finished product from passing into the opening 22. The part of the material that has passed through the system of partitions 24 loses speed due to rotations of the air flow and rolls along the inclined wall 30 of the hopper 17 to the shutter 25 through the gap 31.

Waste is removed from the hopper 11 through the air lock 26.

Screening of air moving in the opposite direction to the movement of the particles discarded by the rotor 2 prevents the ingress of fuel particles into the waste, increases the efficiency of waste separation.

Timely waste disposal, sifting of the material on the inclined grate 19 and removal of the finished product increase the productivity and grinding efficiency in the crusher, which also contributes to the blowing of the holes of the grate 19 and partly of the grate 18 with an air stream.

The invention improves the crusher productivity, grinding efficiency and separation of foreign matter.

Claims (2)

Claim 1. Hammer crusher, comprising a housing, a rotor with hammers, a loading gate with an air gate, a settling chamber with a guide partition in the upper part, communicated with the waste bin, a grate covering the bottom rotor and a bunker of the finished product under the grate, characterized in , in order to improve productivity, efficiency of grinding and separation of foreign inclusions, the precipitation chamber is placed obliquely from the side opposite to the loading pipe and communicated with the hopper The trough of waste is placed under the cylindrical trap and connected to it by means of a slot in which the closing gate is mounted for movement and fixation, by means of partitions in the waste bunker, which is open to the bottom by means of successively located in the housing of a tapered inclined braking chamber and a cylindrical trap. a chamber communicated through an opening in the side wall with an air supply system, the finished product bunker is placed under the settling chamber and separated about With an inclined grate connected in the lower part to the grate, an additional guide partition was mounted above the inclined grate close to the rotor, and an inclined upper partition and a system of lateral partitions forming the labyrinth seal were made under the inclined grate through the opening in the side wall with an air exhaust system, with additional air closures installed in the lower part of the waste and finished product bins, and the bottom wall of the finished product hopper is installed obliquely with a gap in relation to the system of partitions forming a labyrinth seal. 2. Crusher for π. 1, characterized in that the speed dampers of the cylindrical trap are made in the form of pockets for the material being processed.