SU1559368A1 - Light-electric signalling device for blind people - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to teaching aids and devices for targeting blind and deaf and dumb people. The device allows to obtain visual information available for the deaf-blind, about his surroundings, about illumination and about the configuration of surrounding objects in statics and dynamics. The purpose of the invention is to obtain information by the blind and deaf through tactile perception. The device contains a converter of light signals into electrical frequency-dependent signals with a photoresistor included in it, a signal shaping unit and a multi-position line-tactile device made in the form of N tactile pins installed in a panel with the possibility of reciprocating movement. The pins are located one row at a distance of at least 2 mm from each other. Under the device panel, respectively, each pin is fitted with an electromagnetic device, which, when turned on, pushes the pin over the panel plane, creating a tactile signal accessible to the perception of a deaf-and-dumb operator. The band-pass filters of the frequency signal generation unit are tuned to different frequency ranges, and each filter, through an amplifier, controls a corresponding electromagnetic device that advances its corresponding pin, creating a tactile signal. Frequency-dependent transcoding of the light signal into a tactile spatial-discrete code occurs. 5 il.

Description

The invention relates to teaching aids and devices for. orientation of blind and deaf and dumb people.

The purpose of the invention is to obtain information by the blind and deaf through tactile perception.

Figure 1 shows the block diagram of the photoelectric detector for the blind; Fig. 2 is a frequency diagram of the operation of a multi-position in-line tactile device; on fig.Z - pin with electromagnetic relay multi-line-tactile devices, general view; figure 4 - the location of the finger over the pins; FIG. 5 shows a photoelectric alarm for the blind.

The photoelectric warning device for the blind contains a converter of 1-light signals into electrical frequency-dependent signals with a photoresistor 2. The output of the converter 1 is connected to the common input of a block of 3 band-pass filters consisting of seven band-pass filters 3.1-3.7, each of which has its own frequency range. The detector also has a block of 4 amplifiers, containing seven amplifiers 4.1–4.7 connected to the corresponding band-pass filters 3.1–3.7, and a multi-position line-tactile device 5, containing seven electromagnetic relays 6.1–6.7, inputs connected to amplifiers 4.1–4.7, each electromagnetic relay 6.1-6.7 corresponds to a movable pin 7.1-7.7, mounted on the panel of the device 5 with the possibility of reciprocating movement (Fig. 3). Each of blocks 1, 3, 4, and 5 is connected to a power source (not shown).

The pins 7.1-7.7 of the multi-position tactile device 5 are located in one row, at a distance of 5 mm from each other; in Fig. 2, the distance between pins 7.1-7.7 is 5 mm selected to more clearly differentiate the perception of the tactile signal from each individual pin with one finger (index or middle). .

According to physiological data, it was found that the most sensitive area of the finger surface for the perception of tactile signals is the end and middle phalanx of the finger (Fig. 4). Therefore, the length of the multi-line-tactile unit should not exceed 35 - 45 mm. This causes a selected number of pins.

Seven pins 7.1–7.7 ensure the perception of 13 discrete gradations (2n-1) of the intensity of a continuous luminous flux (Fig. 2).

An increase in the pin order number with increasing spatial distance from the operator corresponds to an increase in the luminous flux, i.e. 7.1 pin closer to the OS0

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five

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Fingertip induces a low level of illumination, and pin 7.7 is the highest. The idle pins 7.1-7.7 are in the idle state in the recessed state in the panel of the device 5.

The detector works as follows.

With a darkened photo-resistor of the PPS-1 type, there is no signal at the output of the device. The movable pins 7.1-7.7 are in the recessed position in the panel of the multi-position line-tactile device 5. When the photoresistor 2 is illuminated, electrical oscillations occur in the circuit of the converter 1, the frequency of which is directly proportional to the light flux incident on the photoresistor 2. As this flow increases, the oscillation frequency increases.

Upon reaching the frequency f (Fig. 2) corresponding to a certain amount of luminous flux (lower limit of the indicated range) to which the first band-pass filter 3.1 from the band-pass filter block 3 is tuned, the filter 3.1 passes an electrical signal that is amplified by the first amplifier 4.1.

From the output of the amplifier 4.1, the signal is fed to the first electromagnetic relay 6.1 of the RES-10 type. When a signal arrives, the electromagnetic relay 6.1 operates and the lever (Fig. 3) pushes the pin 7.1 over the panel, i.e. creates a first relief point above the plane of the panel of the device 5, sensing which, the operator perceives a tactile signal indicating the appearance of a certain illumination.

Pin 7.1 remains in working condition until reaching frequency f ,, since filter 3.1 is tuned to frequency range f 4 - Ј.

When the frequency fg is reached, a band-pass filter 3.2, tuned to the frequency range fe -J fa, passes an electrical signal, which is amplified by amplifier 4.2, turns on the second electromagnetic relay 6.2 connected to the second amplifier 4.2 and puts the power supply 7.2 into operation. relief point above the plane of the panel. The first pin 7.1 is still in working condition.

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those. the operator simultaneously perceives two relief points indicating the range corresponding to the transition from one degree of illumination to another.

When reaching the illumination corresponding to the frequency fj, the first pin 7.1 is lowered into the panel of the multi-position line-tactile device 5. As the light level increases, and consequently, the frequency of electrical oscillations, the remaining pins 7.2-7.7 of the multi-position line-tactile device 5 work consistently and similarly. The last seventh pin 7, having turned on at frequency f7, remains in the working state until the end of the frequency range f, where f is the upper limit of the frequency range. Thus, 13 discrete gradations of the light flux, which are perceived by the operator, can be displayed sequentially and discretely.

When the illumination decreases, the detector works in the reverse order.

The indicator also works under the condition that a change in the magnitude of the luminous flux occurs discretely. In the absence of light, all pins 7.1-7.7 are in a recessed state. With the instantaneous appearance of high illumination (turning on the bulb in complete darkness), the luminous flux is perceived by the photoresistor 2, converted into an electrical signal by the transducer 1

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and, depending on the magnitude of the counting flux, the signal is passed through the corresponding band-pass filter 3.1-3.7, resulting in one or two of the corresponding pins 47.1-7.7

Thus, the signaling device works at illumination from 2 to 14000 lx, denouncing the recoded optical signal into a tactile code to a deaf-blind operator.

Claims (1)

Invention Formula A photoelectric warning device for the blind, including a converter of light signals into electrical signals, connected to a power source, characterized in that, in order to obtain information deaf-blind through tactile sensation, it is equipped with a unit frequency shaping of signals and multi-positional line-tactile device, made in the form of p-pins, located in one row at a distance of at least 2 mm. from each other and installed in the panel with the possibility of reciprocating relative to it, and n electromagnetic devices corresponding to each pin installed under the panel, the light signal converter being connected to the signal frequency shaping unit whose outputs are connected to the inputs of the respective electromagnetic devices. Ј 2Pf nshfpat pshflshsht from H V + 4R9f6S I v