SU1558306A3 - Control air valve distributor unit for reversible piston-type ic-engine - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention allows to increase the efficiency of the device. The controllable air distributor is predominantly for a ship diesel engine with an air start system, in which for each starting valve of the plate there is a distributor comprising a housing 1 with inlet 3, 4, 5 and outlet 6 windows, a spool 7 placed in it with the possibility of axial movement and intermittently communicating the inlet 5 and the outlet 6 windows among themselves, the first auxiliary piston 15 having a lowering hole for the auxiliary air, a return spring 8 communicating with the spool 7 and driving a device made in the form of two cams having profiled sections 28 and 29, guide tracks 26 and 27 each of which are made on a disk 2 mounted on a shaft rotating synchronously with the crankshaft for starting and reversing, and cam follower 9, rigidly connected to the spool 7 and arranged with periodic interaction with the guide track 26 (27) of each cam, the guide tracks 26, 27 of both cams being made on one disc 2 mounted on the shaft stationary in axial direction However, the profiled section 28 of one of the cams is offset relative to the profiled section 29 of the guide track 27 of the other cam, sections 28 and 29 are located on opposite sides of a circle corresponding to the neutral position of the spool 7, and the spool 7 is equipped with a second auxiliary piston 16 with an additional inlet, with In this case, the profiled sections 28 and 29 are placed on the end surface of the disk 2 and are made on the disk 2 separately as external and internal guides, and the next element 9 is mounted with the possibility Periodically reacting with each of them. Another embodiment of the air distributor is shown. 6 hp f-ly, 3 ill.

Description

31

-gel, comprising a housing 1 with inlet 3, 5 and outlet 6 windows, a spool 7 placed therein with the possibility of axial movement and periodic communication of the inlet 5 and outlet 6 windows among themselves, the first auxiliary piston 15 having a lowering opening for auxiliary air, the return spring 8, which interacts with the spool 7, and the drive device, made in the form of two cams, having profiled sections 28 and 29, guide tracks 26 and 27 each of which are made on the disk 2 mounted on the shaft, rotate synchronous with the crankshaft for starting and reversing, and the cam follower element 9 is rigidly connected to the spool 7 and arranged for periodic interaction with the guide track 26 (27) of each cam, and

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the tracks 26, 27 of both cams are made on one disk 2 mounted on the shaft fixedly in the axial direction, the profiled section

28 of one of the cams is shifted relative to the profiled section 29 of the guide track 27 of the other cam; sections 28 and 29 are located

Q on opposite sides of a circle corresponding to the neutral position of the spool 7, and the spool 7 is equipped with a second auxiliary piston 16 with an additional inlet,

5, the profiled sections 28 and 29 are placed on the end surface of the disk 2 and are made on the disk 2 separately in the form of external and internal guides, and the following element

0 9 is installed with the possibility of periodic interaction with each of them. Another embodiment of the air distributor is shown. 6 hp, f-ly, 3 ill.

This invention relates to control air distributors for reversible reciprocating internal combustion engines, in particular for marine diesel engines.

The purpose of the invention is to increase efficiency.

FIG. 1 schematically shows the proposed distributor, a longitudinal section according to the first embodiment; in fig. 2 is a section A-A in FIG. one; in fig. 3 - distributor, longitudinal section according to the second variant.

The device (Fig. 1) "includes a housing 1, by means of which a block (not shown) is mounted over a disk 2 attached to a shaft (not shown), which rotates synchronously with the engine crankshaft. The housing 1 contains inlet ports 3 for air and an inlet port 5 for compressed control air, for example, from the engine start-up air reservoir and an outlet port 6 for control air relative to the associated start-up air valve.

The spool 7 distributor, having the possibility of axial movement,

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mounted in housing 1, has a pressure spring 8 at its upper end and is rigidly connected with its cam follower 9 at its lower end. Spring 8 is mounted between two opposite guides 10 and 11 of spring 8 at the upper end of the spool 7 V shown in the neutral position of the spool 7 the underlying side of the guide 11 of the spring 8 abuts against its rim and intermediate ring

12 mounted in the housing, respectively, and the upper side of the spring guide 10 rests against the rim of the slide valve 7 and the tubular holder

13, screwed into the housing 1 and having a central opening 1A of larger diameter than the upper end of the spool 7 of the distributor.

The spring 8 is thus a double acting spring, since it will induce the spool 7 to the neutral position regardless of whether the spool 7 has moved up or not, whereby its upper end passes into the hole H or moves down.

51

The distributor spool 7 has two oppositely directed auxiliary pistons 15 and 16 having inlets for auxiliary air and opposite edge surfaces forming annular grooves 17 and 18, which in neutral position communicate with air inlets 3 and k, respectively. The Central hole 19 passes from the upper end of the spool and through part of it. The short channel 20, perpendicular to the hole 19, connects this hole with the outer surface of the spool 7. In the neutral position, the channel 20 is in a coaxially aligned position with the outlet window 6 pack

equal air in the housing 1, as shown in FIG. 1, so that the possible control air pressure in the duct leading to the starting air valve is reduced through the opening 19. In the neutral position, the control air channel from the inlet port 5 to the outlet port 6 is closed.

The cam follower element 9 (Fig. 2) consists of a pin 21 and an arm 22, an integral distributor with the spool 7, a pin 21 attached to the lower end of the arm 22. Axially located guide 23 in the arm 22 interacts with a control pin 2k screwed into housing 1 to prevent the spool 7 from rotating around its own axis.

One of the axially directed side surfaces, the edges of the disk 2 (FIGS. 1 and 2) contains a profiled closed groove 25 formed on the face surface of the disk, which can be performed, for example, using a numerical controlled milling machine. Radially inside guide track 26 and the radially outward guide track 27 of the groove 25, respectively, form the profiled portions of the supporting surfaces of the two cams, which are placed on the end surface of the disc 2 when the engine is started in the corresponding directions tim rotational serve to control axial movement of the distributor spool and thus also for supplying control air to the starting air valve. Points A, B, C and D, respectively, on the profiled sections 28 and 29 form the points of the beginning and end of the active sections of the cams,

those. the sections along which the cam follower 9 will follow during engine start-up in the respective directions. As shown in FIG. 1 by dashed lines, circular arcs 30 and 31, a circular zone of the gap 32, having a larger radial width than pin 21 of the cam follower 9, are provided between two profiled portions of the supporting surfaces. In the neutral position of the spool, the pin 21 is installed in the zone of the gap 32 so as to allow the disc 2 to rotate freely without coming into contact with the pin 21. This position is normal during continuous engine operation.

An even simpler embodiment of a control air distribution device is shown in FIG. 3. The device contains similarly the housing 33, the disk 3 driven synchronously with the engine crankshaft} and the distribution spool 35 located in the housing 33 and having the ability to move axially in it, while the upper end of the spool 35 is displaced upward by means of a compression spring 36 compressed between the spring 37 of the spring 36 to the housing 33. The housing 33 contains two inlet ports 38 and 39 for the combined auxiliary control air, i.e. the control air in this case also plays the role of auxiliary air. In addition, the housing 33 also contains an exhaust port 40 for the control air relative to the starting air valve.

The spool 35 is made integrally with two auxiliary pistons 41 and k2 and two inlet openings. Effective piston area 41 su

the substance is equal to the surface area a, if only the groove area of the minimum clearance is subtracted from this area, while the effective area of the piston 42 is equal to the difference between the opposite surfaces B and C. Both effective areas are oriented so that after the supply of compressed air they move the spool 35 in the downward direction towards the disk 34. The central hole 43 extends from the lower part of the spool 35 and through its part. Hole 43 (passes from the bottom of the spool 35 and through it)

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and at its upper end, the apertures 44 and on the lead, through the transverse otdi-ring groove surface of the zolotraz under the transverse 45, the opening 43 is closed by means of the following element 47. JQ

in in a bout zo from the train

The housing 33 is connected to the inlet ports 38 and 39 and has annular chambers-48 and 49, which connect the inlet ports 38 and 39 to the chambers above the auxiliary pistons 41 and 42. For connection to the exhaust window 40, on the annular chamber 50. The outlet 51 establishes a connection between the inside of the housing 20 33 and the atmosphere.

The outlet hole 5 and the annular groove 46 are aligned with each other in such a way that the outlet hole 51, regardless of the position of the spool 25-35, is connected continuously with the hole 43, thereby opening it to the atmosphere. The control air pressure in the duct leading to the starting air valve will only relieve 30 between the lower edge of the inlet

when the holes 44 are aligned with the annular chamber 50 and thereby communicate with the outlet window 40. In this embodiment of the device, the auxiliary air windows 3 and the upper edge of the intake air 5 of the control air are mentioned and therefore the upper edge of the piston 15 after a small

The two guided cams of the joint that further move downward are gold-plated, and the cam bearing surfaces are made as one closed national gauge 32 on the lateral surface of the disk 34. The radial section E is F,

When valve 7 is completely blocking the passage of the auxiliary air into the annular groove 17- Only after this will the control air pressure

radially outside the neut Q will act on the auxiliary circle 53, shown by the piston 15.

dotted lines, thus forming the bearing surface 54 of one cam, and the cam section positioning the Control Air while simultaneously pushing the spool 7 further down will continue to flow from the inlet

radially inside the circle 53 45 foot window 5 through the annular groove

forms the bearing surface 55 of the FRIEND of that cam.

In the inactive state of the distributor, the spring 36 induces the distributor rod 35 upward, thereby completely removing the follower element 47 of the disk 34.

The device works as follows

17 to the exhaust port 6 and further to the interacting starting air valve, which then will let the starting air to the corresponding cylinder.

After some further angular rotation of the cam disc 2, the value of the order of 90, the control cushion 28 will gradually

It is assumed that the controlling pressure knot will induce the spool 7

choke 26 is used to start in the forward direction, and assuming that it is necessary to start the engine in that direction, the compressed auxiliary

up until pin 21 passes point B, after which the spool 7 again loses the position shown in FIG. 1. The control air supply is now

eight

air is supplied to the auxiliary air inlet port 3. The auxiliary air pressure acts on the auxiliary piston 15 and the valve 7 of the distributor moves downwards to counteract the force of the spring 8 until the pin 21 of the follower 9 comes into contact with the cam face 28. When the disk 2, due to injecting start-up air to one or more auxiliary engine cylinders, will be turned anticlockwise from the position shown in FIG. 1. and point A has passed the pin 21, then this pin together with the spool 7 will gradually move downward until the auxiliary piston 15 passes the upper edge of the control air intake port 5, thereby passing the control air into the annular groove 17, as well as to the auxiliary piston 15, as well as to the exhaust port 6 of the control air. The distance between the auxiliary piston 15 and its edge surface, i.e. the height of the annular groove 17 slightly exceeds the axial distance of the window 3 of the auxiliary air and the upper edge of the intake window 5 of the control air and therefore the upper edge of the piston 15 after a small

further downward movement of the valve core 7 will completely block the passage of the auxiliary air into the annular groove 17. Only after this will the control air pressure

The control air, while simultaneously pushing the spool 7 further down, will now continue to flow from the inlet port 5 through the annular groove

17 to the exhaust port 6 and further to the interacting starting air valve, which then passes the starting air to the corresponding cylinder.

After some further angular rotation of the cam disc 2, in the order of 90, the control cam 28 will gradually increase until the pin 21 passes point B, after which the spool 7 will again take up the position shown in FIG. 1. The control air pressure is now discharged through channel 20 and port 19, and thus the supply of start-up air to the cylinder is interrupted. This cycle will be repeated periodically by passing compressed auxiliary air to inlet port 3

The engine starting level is reached when the number of revolutions is set, the auxiliary air pressure is discharged and the oil is injected into the engine cylinders. Depending on where in the periodic cycle the individual pistons of the engine are located when the auxiliary air pressure has been released, the interacting cam pin 21 will either rest against the active section A-B of the bearing surface 26 corresponding to the downward movement of the piston or section B-A support surface 26, corresponding to the upward movement of the piston. If the auxiliary air pressure is released during the passage of section B-A, then the spool 3 of the distributor will simply remain in a neutral position under the action of the spring 8. If, on the contrary, the pressure of the auxiliary air is released while passing through section AB, control air supplied to the start-up air valve, this connection between the height of the annular groove 17 and the distance between the inlet ports 3 and 5 will result in that the flow of control air to the start-up air valve will not be interrupted only after the control cam 26 causes the valve stem 7 to move upward so that the starting air pressure is discharged through the hole 19. The positive addition of the starting air for rotating the engine is kept as high as possible, thereby counteracting the braking torque that creates on the propeller body of water. & during a short transitional period between the start-up operation and the normal operation, the engine will be driven on the starting air in one or more cylinders and on the fuel in the other cylinders. Some time later, the auxiliary air pressure is relieved and the control air pressure at the inlet port 5 will also be relieved.

If it is required to start the engine in the backward direction, then it reaches0

five

0

five

0

five

0

five

five

By passing auxiliary air to the inlet port 4. The operation mode is completely similar to the described mode, except that the valve 7 of the air distributor moves upwards, so that the pin 21 follows the profiled section 29 of the guide track 27 and the passage of control air from the intake air port. 5 to the outlet port 6 is produced through the annular groove 18 by means of the auxiliary piston 16.

According to the second variant, the control air distributor operates as follows.

When the engine is to be started, air is passed to the corresponding intake port 38 or 39, depending on the engine start direction selected. It is assumed that air is passed to the intake port 38. Through the annular chamber 48, the air pressure will then act on the auxiliary piston 41 and thereby move the valve spool 35 in a downward direction in contrast to the spring force 36 until the follower 47 comes into contact with the disc 34. In the example shown, the active surface is the support surface 55 (FG), when air is passed to the inlet port 38. When the follower 47 is rotated a certain angle after point F by turning the dial clockwise, the spool 35 of the distributor will move downward so that the surface of the piston will pass the upper edge of the annular chamber 50 in communication with the outlet window 40, thereby allowing control air to flow through the outlet port 40 and into the starting air valve, which then passes the starting air to the cylinder. When the spool 35, after passing through the point G, again takes the position shown in FIG. 3, the control air pressure for the start-up air valve will be released through the opening 43, the annular chamber 50, the annular groove 46 and the opening 51. Due to the fact that the auxiliary control air pressure is maintained, the follower 47 remains under pressure from the disk 34. After passing the GE section, the radial section EF sequentially moves the follower 47 upward. However this

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It will activate the starting air valve, as the communication between the pressure in the intake port 38 and the exhaust port 40 of the control air is steadily interrupted. The connection to the outlet window 0 is not established until it is reached again.

bearing surface 55, after which

CYCLE REPETIT.JQ

If the engine is to be started in the opposite direction, air is passed to the intake port 39. Similarly, through the annular chamber 9 and the auxiliary piston k2 15, the air will move the spool 35 downward, thereby forcing the tracking element 7 to abut against disk Z1, which now rotates clockwise direction. Due to the fact that in this case the support surface 5 (EF) 20 is active, the control air will only be able to reach the outlet port 40 when the control cam EF caused the slide 25 to move upwards so that the edge of the surface a passes the lower edge of the annular chamber 50. When the follower element kj of the cam passes point E, the pressure of the control air 30 will be released as before.

In any case, relieving the pressure of the auxiliary control air will lead to an instantaneous pressure drop in the channel leading to the starting 35 displaced down, but due to its small volume it will not be able to actuate the starting air valve again. When the corresponding cam foot is reached again, the air will flow in a much larger volume formed by the outlet channel, leading

m to the starting air valve, after which the spring 36 will pull the valve spool 35 and the follower element P7 up and fully release the cam disc 3.

 The cam disk can be replaced by a cylindrical or conical rotational body, in the peripheral surface of which a circular closed track is formed. In this case, the control cams are formed by one or both side surfaces of the track and the associated valve block is mounted in such a way that the direction of movement of each valve spool is parallel to the generatrix of the body of rotation.

Claims (3)

Invention Formula 1. Control air distributor for reversible internal combustion piston engine, mainly for marine diesel engine with air start system valve has a valve containing a housing with inlet and outlet ports, a spool placed therein with the possibility of axial movement and periodic communication of the inlet and outlet ports with each other, the first auxiliary piston integral with the spool having an inlet for - - j хччх-ijiix i I j t-t th air valve, thereby interrupting the further supply of starting air to the cylinder. If a positive addition of start-up air is required to rotate the engine 4f) for as long as possible, non-return valves (not shown) can be provided in the connection line to the intake ports 38 and 39- Thanks to the non-return valves, the cam track 45 a spring interacting with the spool and a drive device made in the form of two cams with profiled sections, the supporting surface of each of which is made but starting air valve. on the disc mounted on the shaft, The use of check valves is rotatable synchronously with the crankshaft requires that, after the release of the auxiliary shaft for starting and reversing, and cam control air, a small amount of compressed air remains between the non-return valve in the actual intake port and the associated auxiliary piston. This air volume is able to hold the valve the supporting element kl is kept pressed to disk 3 until it first passes the point on the neutral circle 53 and then is not dropped - the starting air pressure is relative 50 55 of a follower element rigidly connected to the spool and arranged to periodically interact with the supporting surface of each cam, which, in order to increase its efficiency 35 being moved down, but due to its small volume it will not be able to actuate the starting air valve again. When the corresponding cam cam surface is again reached, the air will flow in a much larger volume formed by the exhaust channel to the starting air valve, after which the spring 36 will pull the valve spool 35 and the follower part 7 upwards and release the cam disc 3.  The cam disk can be replaced by a cylindrical or conical rotational body, in the peripheral surface of which a circular closed track is formed. In this case, the control cams are formed by one or both side surfaces of the track and the associated valve block is mounted in such a way that the direction of movement of each valve spool is parallel to the generatrix of the body of rotation. Invention Formula 1. A control air distributor for an internal combustion reciprocating piston engine, mainly for a ship diesel engine with an air start valve system, has a valve comprising a housing with inlet and exhaust ports, a spool housed therein with the possibility of axial movement and intermittent communication of the intake and exhaust between each other, the first auxiliary piston is made in one piece with the spool, having an inlet for  auxiliary air, returnable shaft for starting and reversing and cam of a follower element rigidly connected to the spool and arranged to periodically interact with the supporting surface of each cam, characterized in that, in order to increase efficiency, the supporting surfaces of both cams are made on one disc mounted on the shaft fixedly in the axial direction , the profiled, jth portion of the support surface, one of the cams is offset from the profiled portion of the support surface of the other cam, the shaped sections of the support surface j) o are located on opposite sides of a circle corresponding to the neutral position of the spool, at which the flow of control air to the starting air valve is interrupted, and the gold piston is equipped with a second auxiliary piston with an additional inlet hole. 2. The distributor according to claim 1, characterized in that the profiled sections of the cam supporting surfaces are placed on the face surface of the disc. 3. The distributor according to claim 2, characterized in that the auxiliary pistons are located on the spool with the possibility of its movement in opposite directions, the supporting surfaces of the cams on the disk are made separately in the form of external and internal 30 guide tracks, and the cam The next item is set to possibility of periodic interaction either with the inner cam track or with the outer cam track. C. Distributor in accordance with claim 3, which is intended for use. This is because the outer and inner guide tracks of the cam are formed by a profiled closed groove made on the face of the disk. 5. The distributor according to claim 2, characterized in that the windows in the housing are arranged so that when the slide is displaced from the neutral position, the inlet port is open to supply air to one of the auxiliary pistons, and the spool is adapted to shut off the inlet port . 6. The distributor of claim 2, differing in that the supporting surfaces of the cams are made in the form of one closed guide track on the side surface of the disc, and the auxiliary pistons are arranged on the spool with the ability to move it in one direction. 7. The distributor of claim 6, wherein the valve is fitted with check valves in the inlet ports of both auxiliary pistons. fl-fl / 3 25 48 38 50 Fig.Z