SU1538915A1 - Device for high-frequency artificial pulmonary ventilation - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to medical technology, namely to devices for high-frequency artificial ventilation of the lungs. The purpose of the invention is to increase the efficiency of ventilation of the lungs by changing the ratio of inhalation and exhalation, as well as reducing patient safety. In the device, the valve-forming device for adjusting the composition of the respiratory mixture is made as a rotary drum mounted in a housing with an opening in the bottom, the disk of which is made evenly spaced with gradually decreasing and increasing diameters, the centers of which and the center of the opening in the bottom are equidistant from the axis of rotation of the drum At the same time, an injector is installed at the inlet of the inspiratory channel in front of the adapter, with which the opening in the bottom of the valve body former is communicated, and the intubation tube inhalation is made of a composite of two coaxially arranged tubular elements - a movable inner one, communicated with the adapter output, and an outer one communicated with the exhalation channel, as well as an ejector in the exhalation channel with a valve inserted in its line. 1 hp f-ly, 4 ill.

Description

The distribution valve 5, the valve-former 6, which is installed at the inlet of the inhalation channel 7, contains the adapter 8 and the intubation tube 9. The valve-former 6 is a rotary drum 10 with holes 11 in its disk, which is placed in the housing 12 with holes mi 13 in the bottom. The holes 11 in the disk of the drum-10 are evenly spaced around the circumference and are made with gradually decreasing and increasing diameter. The centers of the hole 13 and the holes 11 are equidistant from the axis of rotation of the drum 10, which is driven in rotation by the electric motor 14 through a 15 "gear

Intubation; The tube 9 is installed at the outlet of the inhalation channel 7 and consists of two coaxially arranged tubular elements: a movable inner 16 connected to the adapter 8 and a fixed outer 17 that communicates with the nozzle 18 of the exhalation channel 19.

At the entrance of the inhalation channel 7 of the pepper adapter 8, an injector 20 is installed, with which the opening 13 of the valve-former 6 is communicated.

A device 21 is connected to the adapter for heating distilled water with an IMPACT pump 22, which is connected to tank 23. A high-frequency oscillation signal is applied to electromagnet 24 to valve 25. Injector 20 has a connection with adjustable pneumatic resistance 26. In the expiratory channel, an ejector 27 is installed

introduced into its line valve 28,

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which is connected to the control unit 4, while the exhalation channel has a sealing gasket 29.

Adapter 8 is equipped with a source of high-frequency oscillations — an ultrasound emitter 30, as well as a safety valve 31.

The high-frequency oscillation signal is fed from control unit 4 to electromagnet 32 to valve 280

The device works as follows.

Oxygen from compressed gas source 1 through pressure regulator 2 enters compressed gas distributor 5 of means 3 for controlling the composition of the breathing mix, and then enters the drum 10 input. Control unit 4 sends a high-frequency oscillation signal to electromagnet 24 to valve 25 of means 3 for adjusting the composition of the respiratory mixture and the electromagnet 32 valve 28.

Oxygen enters the inlet valve 28 and to the ejector 27, as well as to the valve 25 e

An electrical impulse from the control unit 4 (which is powered from an alternating current source with a voltage of 127 or 220V) is supplied to the electric motor 14 and is driven through the gear transmission 15 by the drum 10, which performs rotational movements in the housing 12, blocking and opening the outlet 13 in the bottom As a result of this case, intermittent flow of oxygen with a frequency of 30 to 500 breaths / min under pressure enters channel 7 of breath, the volume of which depends on the diameter of the hole 11, then enters injector 20 when opening the choke by pneumatic resistance 26. Due to the ejection effect, ambient air is sucked in and the mixture formed with up to 50% of air enters adapter 8. With the injector chamber 20 closed, air will not leak. If necessary, an anesthetic vaporizer with volatile drugs or other means is connected to the inlet of the injector 20. In this case, a pair of available means will flow to the injector 20.

At the same time, when the reciprocating motion of the valve 25 (controlled from the control unit 4 via the electromagnet 24) is combined, an intermittent gas flow with a frequency of 600-3000 counts / min enters the chamber of the injector 20, which then enters the adapter 8.

Distilled water from the tank 23 at a rate of 30 ml / h, manually regulated by an infusion pump 22, through the device 2 for heating with a temperature of 37 ° C enters the adapter 8 near the nozzle of the inhalation channel 7. A nozzle expansion occurs with the formation of coarse particles.

When the source of high-frequency oscillations, ultrasonic emitter 30, oscillating with frequencies from 0.8 to 2.5 MHz, controlled by control unit 4, is switched on, the degree of chalk will be increased. The created intermittent flow from the adapter 8 flows through the inner movable tubular element 16 of the endotrache tube 9 into the patient's airway. Inhalation occurs, when the predetermined pressure is exceeded, the safety valve 31 is activated and the excess gas mixture is released into the atmosphere.

The exhalation can be carried out with the connection of the ejector 27 of the exhalation, while the control unit 4 sends a signal to the valve 28 and the valve 28 blocks the exhalation ejector line. Due to the resulting ejection effect of the exhaled gas, the gas is in the patient's respiratory tract as well as in the annular the gap between the movable inner element 16 and the fixed outer element 17 of the endotrache tube 9 is sucked in and the mixture formed through the expiratory channel, the ejector 27 enters the atmosphere, creating a constant positive pressure in the breath nyh tract.

But after the expiration of the expiration time, the control unit 4 again sends an electrical impulse to the electric motor 14 of the drum 10 and to the high-frequency oscillation electromagnet 24, and the cycles are repeated. The device provides the described combined conduction of high-frequency artificial ventilation of the lungs, and also provides for the use of only high-frequency ventilation or only high-frequency oscillation with both passive and facilitated exhalation.

Fig. 4 shows sinusoidal pulse curves over eight periods (P, -G. 8), modulated in amplitude as the proposed rotor drum 10 is rotated, and sinusoidal pulses of high-frequency oscillation. It follows from the graph that with the rotation of the drum, an increase in pressure in the respiratory tract does not occur immediately (S ,, Sj, S3) and peaks at periods S4-Sj with a further decrease in pressure in periods S fe-S 7-S a.

Fig. 5 depicts sinusoidal pulse curves over eight periods (Sf-Sg) modulated in amplitude with the use of the drum 10 under conditions of matical oscillations between two different calibrated orifices 11, and high frequency oscillation pulses. From the graph it follows that with this mode of operation

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You increase the pressure in the respiratory tract through a single micone-shaped oscillation of the drum through periods R1, S3, SJ, R7.

The design of the rotating rotor drum 10 with eight calibrated different alternating holes 11 provides ventilation with adjustable TQ alternating values of tidal volume, thereby changing the ratio of the inhalation and exhalation volumes, eliminating the negative effect of ventilation with a fixed breathing volume, the so-called monotony of breathing, especially important with prolonged mechanical ventilation. The injector allows the use of the device

2o for the purposes of anesthesia when attached to the injector anesthetic vaporizer, as well as inhalation of defoamers or other means. The effectiveness of the injector also lies in the fact that it

25 provides sufficient amplitude ventilation with a decrease in oxygen pressure in the system (up to 1.5 kgf / cm2). The presence in the adapter 8 of a source of high-frequency oscillations — an ultrasonic emitter 30, oscillating

with frequencies from 0.8 to 2.5 MHz, it provides a fine dispersion of the inhalant, which is important for the penetration of inhalable agents to the alveoli.

35 Elimination of direct contact of exhaled air with the gas flow into the lungs through a special expiratory channel that does not have connection with the adapter, as well as the design of the endotracheal tube, made of two coaxially arranged tubular elements, prevents the effect of insufficient elimination of carbon dioxide and its accumulation in the body.

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The ability to relieve exhalation with the help of an ejector 27 increases the safety and efficiency of the use of high-frequency artificial ventilation of the lungs, which is especially important in patients with difficult expiratory breathing.

Thus, the proposed device provides high-frequency artificial ventilation of the lungs with a significant increase in patient safety, expansion of therapeutic capabilities and efficiency of the method, saving oxygen consumption

Claims (2)

1. A device for high-frequency artificial ventilation of the lungs, containing a control unit, a source of compressed gas with a reducer at the outlet, means for controlling the composition of the respiratory mixture, connected to the control unit for creating high-frequency ventilation and oscillation, containing a distributor, a valve former, which installed at the inlet of the inspiratory channel containing the adapter and the endotrache tube, as well as a device for heating distilled water with an infusion pump, which communicates with the adapter cavity inhalation channel as well as expiratory channel, characterized in that, in order to increase the efficiency of ventilation of the lungs by changing the ratio of inhalation and exhalation, as well as increasing patient safety, the valve-shaper means for The breathing gas composition is guided in the form of a rotary drum mounted in a housing with an opening in the bottom, the disk of which is made evenly spaced with gradually decreasing and increasing diameters, the centers of which and the center of the opening in the bottom are equidistant from the axis of rotation of the drum an injector is installed in front of the adapter, with which a hole in the bottom of the valve body is reported, and the intubation tube on the inhalation canal tube is made of a composite of two coaxially tubular elements - movable internal, communicated with the output of the adapter, and external, communicated with the channel of exhalation. 2. A device according to claim 1, characterized in that an ejector is installed in the exhalation channel with a valve inserted into its line. ./  /////////// Ј W ///// A  H VXXXXXXXXN /  at 5168С51 , Compiled by L. Pankova Editor E. Kopcha Tekhred M. Khodich Proofreader M. Pojo Order 177 Circulation 464 The State Committee for Inventions and Discoveries under the State Committee on Science and Technology of the USSR was entered in 113035, Moscow, Zh-35, 4/5 Raushsk nab. Production and Publishing Combine Patent, Uzhgorod, ul Gagarina, 101 ss Subscription