SU1532968A1 - Training aid device for simulating lightning discharge - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to training models and can be used to demonstrate phenomena during the development of the main channel stage of lightning. The aim of the invention is to increase the demonstration effect by simulating the bit process of the step leader. A device for simulating a lightning discharge contains a power source, through a charging switch element connected to the control input of a lightning channel simulation unit, the outputs of which are connected respectively through threshold elements to the trigger inputs, and through a discharge switching element to load resistance. The trigger outputs are connected respectively to the control input of the bit switching element and through an integrator with the control input of the bit switching element. The lightning channel simulation unit contains series-connected links, each of which includes three resistors connected in series and an inductance, with a diode parallel to the first resistor, an electronic switch parallel to the third, whose control output is connected to the output of the link to which the inductance is connected and one of capacitor plates. 2 Il.

Description

The invention relates to training models and can be used in various devices for the demonstration of phenomena occurring in a canape of a stepped leader and during the evolution of the main channel stage of lightning discharge.

The aim of the invention is to increase the demonstration effect by simulating the discharge processes of the step leader.

Fig. 1 shows a block diagram of the device: Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a lightning channel simulation block.

A device for simulating a lightning discharge contains a series-connected power source 1, a charging switching element 2, a lightning channel simulating unit 3 (BICM), a discharge switching element 4, and a load resistance 5. The control outputs of BICM 3 through threshold elements 6 and 7 connected to trigger inputs 8. One of the outputs of trigger 8 is connected to the control input of the charging switching element 2, and the other through the integrator 9 to the control input of the discharge switching element 4. Lightning channel simulation module 3 nen as a series of serially connected units, each of which simulates a lightning Channel segment length, for example 50m. If we consider that the average length of a lightning when discharging a cloud-- the earth is 3 km, then the BICM should be

Of the 60 series-connected links.

In Fig "1 conventionally shown only

5 BIKM links: closest to the cloud, bottom from the intermediate and closest to the ground. Each link consists of successively connected resistors 10 and 11, an additional resistor} 2, inductance 13, a diode 14 connected in parallel to resistor 10, Wildness 15t connected between the output of the Link and the device body, an electronic switch 16 connected in parallel to an additional resistor 12 , and a threshold element 17 connected between the output of the link and the control stroke of the electronic key 16

Resistor 11 can have a resistance of about 50 ohms, a resistor of 10 -, 4 kΩ, an additional resistor of 12 51 kΩ. The values of inductances (4) and capacitances (6) of the discharge channel depend on the distance of this link to the ground and can be calculated

The device for simulating moliia works as follows.

In the initial state, after switching on the voltage of the power supply source 1, the war switching element 2, the Deputy Whip, and the discharge switching element 4 is open. A consecutive charge of capacities 15 in BICM 3 takes place, first of the first link, then of the second

YO T. To

As long as the voltage on the capacitor 1

Q o

The process of charging the condenser 15 of the next BIKM link is similar. The described process is successively repeated at all links, and to model at a certain scale the real process of the gradual germination of a stepped leader from a cloud over the earth. Diodes 14 have almost no effect on the modeling of the step leader, since their conductivity is low due to the small magnitude of the applied voltage.

After charging all the capacitors 15 5 in BIKM 3, the next stage of the lightning discharge on the ground is simulated - the main channel discharge stage It is associated with the neutralization of the leader channel, tOe0 with the discharge of the capacitors 15 of all the links of the BICM to the ground. The processes occurring at the same time in BIKM, the following "

As soon as the voltage value

the capacitor 15 of the penultimate link reaches a predetermined threshold level, triggering of the threshold element 7, which after triggering, flips the trigger 80 to another stable state. The signal from the trigger trigger output 8 directly affects the second input of the charging switching element 2 and closes it in the 3GPr BIMM 3 is terminated. At the same time, the signal from the other output of trigger 8, after passing through the integrator 9, acts on the second input of the bit switching element 4 and opens it. and a load resistance 5, one can observe the simulated lightning impulse at the base of the channel

After the voltage at the output of the first Even BIKM 3 drops to

it is small, its charging occurs at a sufficiently high level, it will be triggered slowly, through the succession of threshold element 6, which included inductances 13 and resistors 10-12, and the value of resistance to firing will transfer the trigger 8 to another stable state trigger 8 will open the total resistance of the resistors of the charging switching element 2 and 10 and 11. When the voltage on the condensate is closed the discharge switching element of the resistor 12 is much higher

The torus 15 reaches a predetermined value, the threshold element 17 is triggered, which gives a signal to open the electronic key 16 "When opened, the electronic key 16 bridges the resistor 12. The charging current of the capacitor 35 increases by one to two orders of magnitude, the output voltage of the link quickly

Step 4 "The circuit will return to its original state and the next cycle of its operation will begin.

Since the process of neutralizing the charge of the leader channel during the course of the main channel stage occurs rather quickly (at a speed of 0.1–0.5 light speeds),

play a significant role, since due to a significant voltage drop across the resistors 10 they open and increase the conductivity of the lightning channel for the duration of the main channel stage.

t In the invention, as in the real

first and second resistors and inductors, the second terminal of which is the output

The corneous elements are connected to the trigger inputs, the first output of which is connected to the control input of the charging, switching element, and the second output to the integrator input, the output of which is connected to the control input of the discharge switching element, and x, the main channel stage of JQ series connected links, a row of lightning precedes the stage of the stage, each of which consists of a sequential leader, characterized by abrupt increases in the channel current during growth each subsequent stage. This enhances the demonstration-15 of the link, the diode, the parallel effect turned on and contributes more to the first resistor, and the capacitor, to a clear understanding of the processes involved between the output of the link and correlating such a large-scale device with a pressure switch, characterized by In order to expand, 20 demonstration capabilities by simulating the processes of a step leader, each link of the lightning channel simulation block contains an additional threshold element, an electronic switch and a third resistor, one output of which is input unit and the second terminal is connected in series with the first resistor, the parallel tre-1 temu resistor included electronic

as a discharge of linear lightning to the ground.

Claims (1)

Invention Formula A device for simulating a lightning strike containing a power source through a charging switching element connected to the control input of the lightning channel simulation unit, the pulse output of which is via a bit switching element of a coupled switch, whose control input is through a load resistance, and the control additional threshold element connects the outputs with a corresponding output from a link. first and second resistors and inductors, the second terminal of which is the output The horn elements are connected to the trigger input, the first output of which is connected to the control input of the charging, switching element, and the second output - to the integrator input, the output of which is connected to the control input of the discharge switching element, and the lightning channel simulation unit contains connected links, each of which consists of a sequence, a diode connected in parallel to the first resistor, and a capacitor connected between the output of the link and the device body, characterized in that, in order to expand , demonstration capabilities due to the modeling of the step leader processes, each link of the lightning channel simulation block contains an additional threshold element, an electronic switch and a third resistor, one output of which is the input of the link, and the second output is connected in series with the first resistor, while parallel to three. electronic resistor is turned on one 1 entrance z5ena FIG. 2