SU14515A1 - The method of distillation of volatile products from fine-grained or pulverized bituminous material - Google Patents

Description

A method of stripping fine-grained material in a gas is already known, and the necessary heat is supplied by the carrier gas itself. Gaseous products of combustion of some combustible substances, or gas obtained immediately during the distillation process itself were used as supporting and heating gases. The use of combustion products for this purpose is characterized by the disadvantage that the high-value gases themselves, produced in the stripping space, are diluted with less valuable heating gases, so that in most cases further use of the resulting mixture is unproductive. On the other hand, if it is necessary to use the gaseous products of the stripping process as a supporting and heating of the first gas-forming gas in the stripping furnace, they must be heated with a special heater. This method is associated with high costs for heaters and heat loss in them. In order to increase productivity and achieve greater productivity at low installation costs in the proposed method, hot generating or water gas is used as a carrier and heating gas. Such a choice of carrying and heating gases has the advantage that high temperatures can be directly used, gases leaving the generator or water gas generators. If for some reason this temperature is still insufficient for the distillation process, further heating can be carried out by relatively simple and inexpensive means, since only a small amount of additional heat is required. Both generating and water gases have a sufficiently large reserve of heat for normal working conditions, so that mixing these gases with the resulting distillation products does not harm further use of the mixture.

The productivity of the proposed process can be further enhanced if the solid residue obtained in the distillation process, t, e. coke or semi-coke, to use as a basic material for treating generator or water gas. In this case, the coke produced can not be cooled, hot, and transferred to the generator or water gas generator. If it is desirable to precoat the coke before it is placed in the generator furnace, then it can be pre-cooled. It is also advisable to arrange a gas generator like a stripping furnace, so that the used semi-coke can, if necessary, after preliminary grinding, be pulverized in a mixture with air or water vapor, or with slabs simultaneously. Thus, generator or water gas m6zt is produced by spraying, i.e. in a manner similar to the process of distilling a sprayed material carried by hot gases.

The stripped product is supplied to hot gases best of all in suspended form consisting of a mixture of product and gas. A mouth suspension is introduced into a pipe supplying the heating gas. In order to obtain a quick and even distribution of the dusty product in the stream of the carrying and heating gas, it is advisable to arrange two or more pipes opening into a common channel supplying the heated gas horizontally or at an angle and so directed relative to each other. that the streams of slurry collide with each other and mutually spray. Other supply and mixing devices may be used, for example, worm feeds, etc.

A further increase in the positive heat balance can be achieved by dividing the process into several stages. O-Racing is then not performed in a single furnace or chamber, but

in several furnaces or chambers connected in series, so that the distillation process continues in steps from chamber to chamber. At the same time, it is advantageous to bring gases from the chamber to the chamber on the one hand, and on the other hand, the material undergoing distillation so that the path made by the heating gases is opposed to the path of the material, i.e. if the gas goes from the first chamber to the last, then the material to be distilled must: go from the last chamber to the first. In each separate chamber, the direction of movement of the carrying gas and of the material being distilled must be the same.

Thus, the device can achieve a very wide use of heat, contained in the heating gases, so that the output temperature of the exhaust heating gases will be significantly reduced and for the distillation of a certain amount of material will require less heating gas than; with methods still known.

A further improvement of the device is that the distillation material is separated in the gap between each two stages, i.e., the solid constituents are separated from the gaseous, due to which careful adjustment can be made. For the implementation of the latter, a vertical-type distillation chamber is particularly suitable, into which the material to be distilled, together with the carrying gas, is introduced through the bottom located at the center of the junction. The gaseous dust generated from the jet rises upward and turns the fountain in the form of a fountain, at which the rapidly rising jet of gaseous dust is surrounded by a slowly falling mixture of gas and dust. The resulting solid residue can be separated by known methods and removed at the bottom of the furnace or sucked out of the furnace along with gases and vapors or removed with the latter using pressure. In the latter case, the separation of solid and gaseous particles takes place in a special dust separator, which may be an integral part of the chamber. If the stream of gaseous dust should maintain its continuity as long as possible, the central inlet tube can be extended to the upper half of the chamber.

Another design furnace, which can process more ground milled material | has a vertical cylinder, whereby gas is blown into the lower end of the cylinder, and discharged from the upper end. The cylinder may be surrounded by a second cylinder, and in this case, the gas, after turning 180 °, is lowered down the annular space between the cylinders. The mixing of the material to be distilled can be carried out at the place of entry of the heating gas at the lower end of the furnace. The cross section of the inner cylinder is calculated so that the gas flow rate is sufficient to lift fine dust to the upper edge of the cylinder and so that the dust can reach the edge and enter the annular space. On the other hand, the gas flow rate is insufficient to lift the coarser material upward. Therefore, the granular material all the time falls down in the inner cylinder, is picked up at the nozzle by the input jet of heating gas, which has a high initial velocity, and again is carried away upwards. This is repeated until, as a result of the evaporation of water having an explosive character and due to the rapid escape of gases, the coarser grains disintegrate and turn into fine dust particles, which can, as described above, pass through the upper edge of the inner cylinder and enter the annular space. in and out of the cylinder exit, which allows for the use of more coarsely ground material.

With any furnace design intended for carrying out the proposed method, the heating gases can be distilled through the furnace either by suction or pressure. Suction is an advantage in that the dust separation at the exit from the furnace takes place better with vacuums. The distillation process itself proceeds the sooner the lower the pressure in the furnace.

For additional heating, heaters (radiators) located in separate stripping chambers can be used, which, in addition to direct heat transfer by touching the heating gases to the distilled material, allow

heat supply by radiation and regular heat transfer.

During the distillation of materials suspended in the crushed state in a jet of heating gas, it is possible to allow a significantly higher temperature of the heating gases than has been accepted until now, since the particles of the material being distilled are so small that between the outer surface and the middle they are not there may be such a temperature difference at which a pair of resinous substance released from the inside to the outside, being relatively cold with large pieces, as they pass through the strongly heated outer shell of the piece, They would decompose.

As is well known, at the beginning of the distillation process, water is released from the distilled material, which, according to experiments, absorbs most of the energy that is generally consumed during the distillation. During this period, the temperature of the dust particles remains equal to the boiling point of water, corresponding to the pressure in the furnace; at the end of water evolution, the temperature begins to rise again, but by the beginning of the period of emission of tar vapors, the heating gases are so cooled that they do not fear decomposition of tar vapors when mixed with gases.

Based on this phenomenon, the initial temperature of the heating gases above 800 ° C can be used during the distillation, whereby the temperature difference between the heating gases and the distilled material increases significantly and the distillation process is reduced.

The subject of the patent.

1. A method for stripping volatile products from fine-grained or pulverized bituminous material carried by gas through a stripping space, characterized in that hot generating or water gas is used as a carrier and heating gas.

2. A device for carrying out the method referred to in Clause 1, consisting of several pipes for supplying the gas-dried material veslendirovannogo in the gas, connected to a common channel for the transfer and heating gas, characterized in that, in order to achieve the collision of individual streams of suspensions, the designated pipes are located at an angle to each other.

3. A device for carrying out the method referred to in claim 1, characterized in that it consists of several, supported at different temperatures, distillation chambers, next to each of which a dust separator is installed; spruce.

4. The form of execution of the device referred to in paragraph 3, characterized in that the chamber along the course of the bituminous material is the last gas stroke and vice versa.

5. Acceptance of the method indicated in paragraph 1, characterized in that the transfer and heating gas has

-Temperature above 800 °.