SU1435264A1 - Sectional extractor - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to devices for carrying out a continuous process of extracting food substances from vegetable raw materials and can be used in food, medical or other industries. The sectional extractor will allow to intensify the mass transfer process and increase the productivity of the apparatus by providing countercurrent phase motion, reducing the residence time of the solid phase in the extractor and improving the separation of liquid from the solid phase at the point of overload. The housing 1 of the apparatus is divided by partitions with parallel guide cylinders, on which pressure plates 6 in the form of arcs are fixed. In the lower part of the section there are partitions 9c with side walls 10 and 11, concentric shafts 12 and 13. On the shaft, coaxial with housing 1, levers with buckets 15 are strengthened for reloading the raw material and transfer vanes. Buckets 15 are provided with an additional perforated wall. The device is equipped with a shaft drive, fittings for input and output of the extractant. 4 il. (L

Description

8 5

13

4 SO eaten

yo

05 4

21

 one

The invention relates to devices for carrying out a continuous countercurrent process of extracting nutrients from plant raw materials.

The purpose of the invention is to intensify the mass transfer process and increase productivity by providing countercurrent phase motion, reducing the residence time of the solid phase in the extractor and improving the separation of liquid from the solid phase at the point of overload.

FIG. 1 shows an extractor, a cross section; in fig. 2 - the same plan; in fig. 3 - scheme of operation of the reloading buckets; in fig. 4 - bucket.

The sectional extractor comprises a flat bottom body 1 and cylindrical sides divided into sections by vertical partitions 2 with guide cylinders 3 and flow openings 4. To prevent the liquid from flowing back, the body is set at an angle of 5 to 10 degrees, which creates the driving force for moving it from section to section. The overflow holes 4 are arranged in such a way as to maintain the level; the liquids in each section, but at the same time ensure its flow from section to section. The guide cylinders 3 are equipped with overload windows 5 (Fig. 2. On the guide cylinders 3 there are braking squeeze plates 6 (Fig. 1), made in the form of arcs with a radius equal to the radius of the guide cylinder 3. The squeeze plate 6 is attached to spring 7 or hydraulic cylinders 8. In the lower part of the section, partitions 9 are installed, having side walls 10 and 11, made in the form of cylindrical surfaces concentric with shafts 12 and 13. On shafts 12 and 13, located coaxially with housing 1, with the help of levers 14 reinforced reloading buckets 15, except Wow, the shafts 12 and 13 ustanovle- us stirring blades 16.

Buckets 15 (Fig. 4) are provided with an additional perforated wall 17 attached at the end of the levers 14 to the end surfaces of the side walls 18 and 19 of the bucket 15. The punch buckets 15 are made in the form of holes 20, having the shape of a truncated cone, the smaller size of which is located on the side guide cylinders 3. Buckets 15 and mixing blades 16 mounted on shaft 12 are offset relative to buckets and mixing blades mounted on shaft 13 by half the angular distance between the buckets of one shaft (Fig. 3a). In this case, the directional cylinders 3, located on one partition 2, are installed one parallel to the other coaxially with shafts 12 and 13 in such a way that they form with housing 1, vertically

0

0 5 0

about 5

five

a ticular partition 2 and a partition 9 installed in the lower part of the section; annular drainage and squeezing channels 21 overlapping by an amount equal to the height of the bucket 15 (Fig. 1). The device is equipped with a drive shaft 22, fittings for input 23 and output 24 of the extractant (Fig. 2).

The extractor works as follows.

The solid raw material loaded into the first section comes into intensive contact with the extractant under the action of the dragging blades 16 and the reloading buckets 15 (Fig. 1). Part of the material is picked up by buckets 15 and rises above the liquid level, with the shafts 12 and 13 rotating in opposite directions. At the bottom of the drainage channel 21, the fluid flows freely through the perforation of the bucket back into the section (Fig. 1 and 4). A bucket driving circuit is shown in FIG. 3 (a, b, c).

When the next bucket passes through the lower position (Fig. 36), the preliminary extraction of the solid phase begins. Since the buckets of the shaft 12 are displaced relative to the buckets of the shaft 13 by half the angular distance between the buckets of one shaft, when the bucket 15 of the extracted material moves, its volume decreases when rotated by half the angular distance between the buckets of one shaft (Fig. 3Sv) in the area of overlapping channels A, two times as compared with the volume concluded between adjacent buckets of one shaft at the initial moment (Fig. 3a). This pre-spinning leads to a disturbing effect on the mixture in the bucket 15, as a result of which it undergoes a filtration seal. In this case, the filtering liquid contributes to the destruction of the surface layer of the stationary liquid surrounding the solid phase particles. Therefore, in the next section, the extraction is more intensive due to the renewal of the contact surface of the phases. Upon further movement of the bucket 15, the material appears between the walls of the transshipment bucket (Fig. 4) of the drainage and squeezing channel 21 and the squeezing plate 6 mounted on the guide cylinder 3. Here the final separation of the liquid phase from the mass of solid material occurs. Having overcome the resistance of the plate 6, the bucket 15 together with the material moves to the next section. The squeeze plate 6 is returned to its original state by the action of the spring 7 or the hydraulic cylinder 8.

Then the bucket 15 is again immersed in the contact zone of the section, scoops up the next portion of solid mass, after which the cycle of drainage of the preliminary, final pressing and overloading is repeated. At the same time, the solid material is mixed with the solvent by the mixing blades 16.

In the next section, it will repeat the operation of contacting the solid phase with the liquid, squeezing the solid phase from the solvent and overloading it into the next section; After processing in the last section, the solid phase is extracted and pressed out.

The extra agent is supplied to the last section through the nozzle 24, flows countercurrently to the solid phase from one section to another through the overflow holes 4 in the partitions 2 and is led out of the first section through Nozzle 25.

To prevent fluid from flowing back, the housing is set at an angle of 5 to 10 degrees, which creates a driving force for moving it from section to section.

The proposed extractor has the following advantages in comparison with the known one: the mass transfer process is more intensive, productivity is improved, countercurrent phase movement is provided - shortening the residence time of the solid phase in the extractor, as well as improving the separation of liquid from solid phase at the point of overload.

Claims (1)

Invention Formula Sectional extractor comprising a flat bottom and cylindrical body five 0 five 0 side boards, divided into sections by vertical partitions with overflow holes and a guide cylinder, equipped with an overload window, squeezing points, a partition installed in the lower part of the section, mixing blades and reloading buckets, fixed with arms on shafts coaxially arranged with the body, characterized in that in order to intensify the mass transfer process and increase productivity by providing countercurrent phase motion, reducing the residence time of the solid phase tractor and improve the separation of liquid from the solid phase at the place of overload, the vertical partitions are equipped with an additional guide cylinder with a reloading window, while the guide cylinders located on the same partition are mounted parallel to each other, coaxially with the shafts, at a distance between the outer cylinder surfaces equal to the height of the reloading bucket, partitions, mouth: mounted in the lower part of the sections, are made in the form of cylindrical surfaces, concentric shafts, reloading buckets are equipped to olnitelnoy perforated wall attached to the end of the arms to the end surface of the side stenrk ladles, and the squeezing plate is formed as an arc of radius equal to the radius of the guide cylinder. FIG 2 , - 22 /five FIG. four