SU1397855A1 - Device for detecting electric circuit faults - Google Patents

Description

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The invention relates to instrumentation technology and can be used to create instrumentation equipment intended for monitoring the integrity of the circuits of electrical cables, relay boxes, electric circuits during type testing (tests on VEG rosthend, in heat chamber, etc.) when it is necessary to control the operability of the chains and elements of the products according to the logic of the work, applied to real conditions for a long period of time.

The aim of the invention is to expand the field of application of the device.

Fig. 1 shows a block diagram of a device for detecting a fault in an electrical circuit; Fig. 2 is a block diagram of a control cell; Fig. 3 is an electrical diagram of a signal polarity analyzer; fig.A is an electrical circuit of a voltage and current limiter; Fig. 3 is an electrical diagram of a matching element; Fig. 6 is an electric diagram of a recording and display unit; Fig. 7 is an electrical circuit of the control unit; Fig. 8 is an electrical diagram of an ignition unit; on 4ig.9 - electrical circuit of the block of loads; Fig. 10 is an electrical circuit of a controlled article.

A device for detecting the malfunction of the electrical circuits of the monitored product 1 contains 2-1t2-p control cells by the number of controlled points, the first 3 and second 4 power supply units, the recording and indication unit 5, the Reset button 6, the control unit 7, block 8 switching unit 9 loads, the first inputs of which are the corresponding first outputs of the cells 2-1 - 2-p control, and the second input is connected to the output of switching unit 8, the first and second inputs of which are connected respectively through the positive and negative buses of the second power supply unit 4 to lane the first and second inputs of the corresponding cell 2-1 to 2 n control, and each input-output of the switching unit 8 is connected to the input-output of the monitored product 1 and the third input of the corresponding cell 2-1 t 2-n control, controlling the input of each of which is connected to the corresponding output of the block

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7 management, and the fourth and fifth

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inputs - with plus and minus tires, respectively, of the first power supply unit 3.. The information output of each cell 2-1-t 2-p control is connected to the corresponding first input of the registration and display unit 5, the Reset input of which is connected to the second output of the Reset button 6, the first output of which is connected to the negative bus of the first power supply unit 3.

Each 2-1 t cell of the 2-p control contains a signal polarity analyzer 10, the first, second, third inputs of which are the first, second and third inputs of the control cell 2, respectively, and the output of the first output and the first input of the diode bridge 11, connecting anode and cathode of one pair of diodes. The second input of the diode bridge 11, which is the connection of the anode and cathode of the second pair of diodes, is connected to the third input of the analyzer 10 of the polarity of the signal, and the first and second outputs of the diode bridge 11 are connected respectively to the first and second inputs of the current and voltage limiter 12, and the second the input and output of current and voltage limiter 12 are connected respectively to the first and second inputs of the optocoupler 13, the third input of which is connected to the first input of matching element 14, which is the fourth input of control cell 2, and the output is connected to the second The input of the matching element 14, the third input of which is the fifth input of the control cell 2, and the output are connected to the first input of the NAND element 15, the second input of which is the control input of the control cell 2, and the output of the information output.

As a signal polarity analyzer 10, a well-known analyzer can be used, made in the form of two transistor switches of different structure, combined in bases and collectors and designed to provide power to the first input of the diode bridge 11 depending on the polarity of the signal received at the base of the transistor. The signal polarity analyzer 10 contains the first 16, second 17, third 18 and fourth 19 resistors, the first 20 and second 21 transistors, the emitter of transistor 21 connected to resistor 19 and the second input of the signal polarity analyzer 10, the base connected to the other end resistor 19 and resistor 16, and the collector is combined with the collector of transistor 20 and is the output of the signal polarity analyzer 10.

The emitter of transistor 20 is connected to resistor 18 and is the first input of the signal polarity analyzer 10, and the base is connected to the second end of resistor 18 and resistor 17.

The second ends of the resistors 16 and 17 are combined and are the third input of the signal polarity analyzer 10.

As a current and voltage limiter 12, a known parametric voltage regulator circuit may be used, comprising resistors 22 and 23, a zener diode 24, the output from the anode of which is the second input of current and voltage limiter 12, and a cathode is included in the shoulder of resistors 22 and 23. The second end of the resistor 22 is the first input of the limiter 12, and the second end of the resistor 23 is the output of the limiter 12.

As a matching element 14, for example, the well-known simple transistor terminal can be used to match the signal level from the photodiode output of the optocoupler 13 to the first input of the AND-15 element containing transistor 25 and resistors 26 and 27 ,. the first input of the matching element 14 is the first end of the resistor 26, the other end of which is connected to the collector of transistor 25, which is the output of the matching element 14, the second input of which is the base of the transistor 25 and the first end of the resistor 27, the second end of which connected to the emitter of transistor 25 and is the third input of matching element 14.

As the first and second power supply units 3 and 4, known standard power sources can be used.

As a unit of registration and indication 5, a circuit can be used, for example, a set of memory and indication cells, each of which is known and consists of a series-connected trigger 28, made for example, on an IC1 29 SER 1 chip. executed, for example, on a seriesK155LL-8 microcircuit

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the resistor 30 and the LED 51, wherein the inputs S of the flip-flops 28 are the first inputs of the recording and display unit 5, and the inputs R of the flip-flops 28 are the input of the Resetting recording and display unit 5, and the anodes of the LEDs + 5V of the power supply.

As a control unit 7, a known control circuit can be used, made in the simplest case on switches 32, the number of which is taken from the number of controlled points whose change-over contacts are the corresponding outputs of control unit 7, normally closed contacts are connected to the bus, and normally open contacts are also connected and connected to the + 5V bus.

The choice of the required switch 32 is determined by the control program for the particular controlled product. As a switching unit 8, a well-known switch can be used, containing the first 33 and second 34 switches, the number of which takes with the same number of controlled points, the first 35.1-35.p, the second 36.1-36.p, the third 37.1-37.p switches, the number of which is taken to be equal to the number of controlled points and the number of possible ones: us: loads connected to one controlled point, with wiring contacts of switches 35.1-35.p, 36.1-36.p. 37.1-37.P are the second outputs of switching unit 8, and the outputs of the closing contacts are combined in groups equal to the number of monitored points and connected to the normally closed contacts of the second switches 34, the normally open contacts of which are combined and are the second input of the switching unit 8, and the changeover contacts are connected respectively to the normally closed contacts of the first switches 33, normally from QQ whose closed contacts are combined and are the first input of the switching unit 8, and the changeover contacts The switches 33 are respectively the input-outputs of the switching unit 8. As block 9 loads can be used block, made in the form of a set of resistors 38 by the number of controlled points and chig.-that possible loads connected to

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one controlled point. The first ends of the resistors 38 of the load unit 9 are grouped together and are the first inputs of the load unit 9. The second end of each resistor 38 is the second input of the load unit 9.

Consider the operation of the device on the example of monitoring the electrical circuits of the monitored product 1, consisting, for example, of electrical circuits formed on the relay 39 with its normally open contacts 40 and 41 on the diode 42 and the resistor 43, and the windings of the relay 39 are the first the input of the monitored product 1, the normally open contact 40 of the relay 39 is connected to the first end of the resistor 43, the second end of which is the first output of the monitored product 1, and the + windings of the relay 39 are combined with the change-over contact 41 of the relay 39 and is the second input The home of the monitored product 1, the normally open contact 41 of the relay 39 is connected to the anode of the diode 42, the cathode of which is the second output of the monitored product 1.

Consider an example of monitoring a simple circuit of a monitored product G, in which a poll is made by a minus signal while simultaneously monitoring the monitored signal itself at the input of the monitored product 1 under the condition that the contact 40 of the monitored product 1 is closed.

A device for detecting a fault in an electrical circuit operates as follows.

Monitoring of electrical circuits is carried out by checking all circuits of controlled article 1 according to the integrity control program.

In the initial state, at the first inputs-outputs of the switching unit 8 there are no interrogation signals of the monitored circuits. At the control inputs of the 2-p control cells there are prohibitory control signals coming from the corresponding outputs of the control unit 7. Button 6 Reset is open.

In order to execute the control cycle at a specific time interval in accordance with the control program on the monitored product 1, the first switch 34 is switched on by the command in the switching unit 8 and a combination of

the second group of switches 35-2, 36-2, ..., 37 t-2 to connect the required load on the monitored circuit. Switch on the corresponding switch 32 in the control unit 7. When the switch is turned on 34, the controlled minus signal from the bus Minus of the second power supply unit 4 goes to the second input of the switching unit 8 and, after passing through the corresponding closed contact of the switch 34, from the first input output of the switching unit 8, the signal arrives simultaneously to the first input output controlled product 1 and the third entrance of the first cell 2-1 control. The controlled minus signal from the first input-output of the monitored product 1 passes through the conditionally received closed contact 40, resistor 43 and exits through the second input-output unit of the monitored product 1, enters the second input-output of the switching unit 8 and the third input of the next cell 2- 2 controls When a negative monitored signal arrives at the third input of the first cell 2-1 of the control, it passes through the third input of the analyzer 10, the polarity of the signal, through its resistor 17, to the base of the first transistor 20, which opens, and to the second input of the diode bridge 11. As soon as the transistor 20, a positive signal is fed from the bus Plus of the second power supply unit 4 through the first input of this cell 2-1 control; the first input of its analyzer 10 is the polarity of the signal, the first transistor 20 of the analyzer 10 is open, its output to the first input is diode of the bridge 11. When signals on the first and the second input of the diode bridge 11 at its first output is formed above zero signal level, the second - minus signal which arrive respectively at first and second inputs of the limiter 12 the current and voltage. Simultaneously from the second output of the diode bridge 11, the minus signal level arrives at the first input of the optocoupler 13. A signal sufficient for the operation of the optocoupler LED 13 is generated at the zener diode 24 of the current limiter 12 and the voltage 12 to the second input of the optocoupler

13. Optocoupler 13 turns on the positive signal level from the bus Minus of the first power supply unit 3 through the fourth input of this control cell 2-1 goes to the first input of matching element 14 and from the output of optocoupler 13 to the second input of matching element 14, from which the signal passes to the base of its transistor 25, which is open at the same time, and the minus signal from the bus Minus of the first power supply unit 3 through the fifth input of this control cell 2-1, the third input of the matching element 14 goes to the open collector-emitter junction, the output of the element 14 asovani The matching element 14 generates a low signal level at the first input of the NAND 15 element. From the output of the NE-15 element, the high level signal is fed through the information output of this control cell 2-1 to the corresponding first input of the recording and display unit 5 (to the S input of the trigger 28, without changing its initial state). The absence of lighted indicators in block 5 of registration and indication corresponds to the good state of the monitored circuit. When the corresponding switch 32 is turned on in the control block 7 via the control input of the first control cell 2-1

Swarm block input 9 loads. A corresponding load consisting of a combination of resistors 38 of the second group,

connected and thereby loaded the controlled circuit in the controlled article 1, bringing the controlled chain to real conditions of work. At any loss of the control signal from the input of the controlled circuit

(for example, when a break in the circuit of the switching unit 8 or failure of the second power supply unit 4), naturally and from the third input of the control cell 2-1, the control signal at the input of the optocoupler 13 disappears, the optocoupler turns off and the output of the matching element 14 high level signal arrives at first

input element AND-NOT 15. If available

at its second input of a permitting high signal level, the NAND element 15 also switches from its output through the information output of the cell 2-1

The control low level of the signal goes to the corresponding first input of the recording and display unit 5, where, at input S, the trigger 28 switches to state 1, turns on

element NE-29, allowing the flow of current supply voltage 5V through the corresponding LED 31, which lights up, signaling the presence of a short signal loss

at the second input of the element AND-NOT 15 at 5 nal controls from the entrance controlled

There is no high-level resolution signal. When a minus controlled signal arrives at the third input of the next control cell 2-i from the second input / output of the monitored product, the control cell 1 works similarly to the first cell 2-1. The difference is that the positive signal from the output of the analyzer 10 polarity of the signal simultaneously arrives at the first input of the diode bridge 11 and passes further like passing it in the first cell 2-1 of the control, and at the first output of this cell 2-i of the control, from which enters the corresponding first input of the block 9 loads. From the second input-output of the switching unit 8, the monitored minus signal is received through the normally closed contacts 33 and 34, the closed contacts of the second group of switches 35-2, 36-2, ..., 37. that-2, through the output of the switching unit 8 on v40

circuit (open circuit switching or power supply unit 4).

In the process of monitoring, the considered controlled when the signal is received from the second cell 2-2 control to the registration unit 5 in the presence of any malfunction (break of the controlled circuit, loss of supply voltage from the second power supply unit 4 45, break in the switching circuits of the switching unit B) to the second The LED 31 lights up in the memory chain and indications of the recording and indication unit 5.

The presence of lit LEDs 31 located in the first and second chains of memory in the recording and display unit 5 indicates a fault in the switching circuits of the switching unit 8 or the second power supply unit 4.

The presence of one lit LEDs 31, located on the second chain of memory and display,

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Nala control from the entrance controlled

circuit (open circuit switching or power supply unit 4).

In the process of monitoring, the monitored controlled signal arrives from the second cell 2-2 control to the registration unit 5 in the presence of any malfunction (interruption of the controlled circuit, loss of supply voltage from the second power supply unit 4, a break in the switching circuits of the switching unit B) to the second chain - The memory and display unit of the recording and display unit 5 of the LED 31 lights up.

The presence of lit LEDs 31 located in the first and second chains of memory in the recording and display unit 5 indicates a fault in the switching circuits of the switching unit 8 or the second power supply unit 4.

The presence of one lit LED 31, located on the second chain of memory and indication, is

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Makes a fault in the monitored circuit of the monitored product 1, TaKtiM, the nature of the malfunction (malfunction of the control device or the monitored product) can be judged by the LEDs in the registration unit 5, and the indication. Pressing the 6 Reset button resets the defect information recorded in the previous monitoring cycle in the registration and display unit 5, because when the button 6 is pressed, the minus signal from the bus Minus the first power supply unit 3 goes through the first output of the button 6 to the input Reset of the recording and display unit 5 and then to the installation inputs R of the flip-flops 28. At this, the cocked trigger 28 switches to the initial position O, the AND-HI element 29 is turned off, prohibiting the flow of the supply voltage of 5V through the corresponding LED 31, which goes out. Switched on switch 32 in control block 7 and switch 34 in switch block 8 are reset, preparing a monitored circuit for the next control cycle (T) and measures for checking the indicated monitored chain with a positive signal.

If it is necessary to control a circuit consisting of a conditionally closed contact 40, a resistor 43, a first signal 33 is switched on by the positive signal in accordance with the control program for the monitored product, on the switching unit 8 and a combination of the second group of switches 35-2 is needed, 36-2,. . ., 37, p1-2 for connecting the required load to the output of the controlled circuit 40, 43. The corresponding switch 32 is turned on in the control unit 7. When the switch 33 is turned on, the monitored positive signal from the bus Plus of the second power supply unit 4 is fed to the first input of the switching unit 8 and, having passed through the corresponding closed contact of the switch 33 from the corresponding input and output of the switching unit 8 of the CMP to the first input-output is controlled - about product 1 and on the third rhid of the first cell 2-1 coitro. t.

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Controlled positive signal From the first input-output of the monitored product 1 passes through the conditionally received close contact 40, resistor 43 and exits through the second input-output of the monitored product 1, enters the subsequent input-output of the switching unit 8 and the third input of the next cell 2-2 control The positive controlled signal is fed to the third input of the first cell 2-1 of the control, the zlee to the third input of the analyzer 10 of the polarity of the signal and to the second input of the diode bridge 11. In the analyzer 10, the transistor 21 opens and the minus signal from the negative bus of the second power supply unit 4 through the second input of the cell 2-p control, the second input of the analyzer 10 polarity of the signal, open collector-emitter junction of the transistor 21, the output of the analyzer 10 polarity of the signal goes to the first input of the diode bridge 11. Next, the work of the cells 2-1 and 2- 2 control when entering enii positive signal with ostalnos device nodes is analogous to.

Consider the operation of the device for

0 fault detection of electrical circuits by the example of monitoring a complex circuit of the monitored product 1 according to FIG. 10 with positive and negative signals.

In switching unit 8, the corresponding 34 and 33 switches are turned on. When the switch 34 is turned on, the minus signal from the bus Minus of the second power supply unit 4 goes to the second input of the switching unit 8 and, having passed through the closed contacts of the switch 34, goes to the first input-output of the switching unit 8, from which the negative signal comes

5 at the same time to the first input-output of the controlled product 1 and to the third input of the first cell 2-1 control. When the switch 33 is turned on in the switching unit 8, the positive signal from the Plus bus of the second power supply unit 4 goes through the first input of the switching unit 8, the closed contacts of the switch 33 to the third input / output of the switching unit 8 and then to the third input / output of the controlled product 1 and the third nod of the third cell 2-3 control. From the third input-output of the controlled product, 1 g signal is given by (stupid from n + winding

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relay}), n with; iirrniiiro px (-ia-wiring the control of the product 1 minus signal goes to the relay coil 39. Relay 39 and pins 40 and 41 for 1 control circuit, consisting of contacts 40 of resistor 43 and contacts 41 of diode 42, respectively. Minus signal with the first input-output of the monitored product 1 enters through the closed contact 40, the resistor 43 to the second input-output of the monitored product 1 and then to the third input

holding control cells by the number of controlled points, registration and indication unit, first power unit, bus Minus of which is connected to the corresponding input of each control cell, information output of each control cell is connected to the corresponding first careers

10 of the recording and display unit, in order to expand the reception area, a second power supply unit, a control unit, a load unit of the second control unit 2-2 and a switchboard, a switching unit, are inserted into the device, Reset buttons, swarm input-output of switching unit 8, where the first output of which is connected to the bus-. when the corresponding Minus of the first power supply unit is turned on, (Nations of the second group of switches 35-2, 36-2.37.t-2 for connecting the required load to the output of the monitor 20 Plus and Bus Minus of the second power supply unit of the circuit 40-43, and in block 7, the control of turning on the first and second switches 32 is enabled by the corresponding first and second cells 2-1 and 2-2 control monitoring the presence of a minus signal on the first

the second output - with the input Reset the registration unit and display, bus

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power supply is connected to the first and second inputs of each control cell and switching unit, respectively; the third input of each control cell is connected to the corresponding input-output of the switching unit and the control object, the control input of each control cell is connected to the corresponding control output of the control unit, 30 the fourth input of each control cell is connected to the bus Plus of the first power supply unit, the first output of each control cell is connected to the corresponding first input of the load block, the second input of which is connected with the output of the switching unit.

and the second input-output controlled product.

Positive signal from the third input

the output of the controlled product steps through the contact 41, the diode 42 to the fourth input-output of the monitored product 1 and then to the third input of the fourth cell 2-4 control and to the fourth input-output of the switching unit 8.

In the switching unit 8, a corresponding combination of the fourth group of switches 35-4, 36, 4 is turned on. . . , 37 .in-4 for connecting the required load to the output of the monitored circuit 41-42, and in control unit 7, the third and fourth switches 32 enable the respective third and fourth cells 2-3 and 2-4 controls to control the presence of a positive signal on the third and the fourth entrance of the controlled product 1. Work cells

by-

2-1, ..., 2-4 control is similar to a ra- dio bridge, the second input of which is connected to the third input of the control cell, the first output of the diode bridge is connected to the first input of the current and voltage limiter, the second input

watched control modes. For any short-term rupture of the control circuits 40-43 41-42, the rupture is fixed in the block

5 registration and indication of the light-55 which is connected to the second output

Claims (2)

corresponding LEDs. Claim 1. Device for detecting electrical circuit failure, containing control cells according to the number of controlled points, recording and indication unit, first power supply unit, Minus bus of which is connected to the corresponding input of each control cell, information output of each control cell is connected to the corresponding first treatments the registration and display unit, which means that, in order to expand the area of application, a second power supply unit, a control unit, a load unit, a switching unit, a Reset button, the first output of which is connected to the bus Minus first power supply unit, plus and bus minus second power supply unit the second output - with the input Reset the registration unit and display, bus After the expansion of the area of application, a second power supply unit, a control unit, a load unit, a switching unit, a Reset button, the first output of which is connected to the bus, are inserted into the device. Noah Minus of the first power supply unit, 20 Plus and tire Minus of the second unit 25 about power supply is connected to the first and second inputs of each control cell and switching unit, respectively; the third input of each control cell is connected to the corresponding input-output of the switching unit and the control object, the control input of each control cell is connected to the corresponding control output of the control unit, 30 fourth the input of each control cell is connected to the bus Plus of the first power supply unit, the first output of each control cell is connected to the corresponding first input of the load block, the second input of which is connected to the output of the switching unit. 2. The device according to A.1, about tl and .- that, that each 40 control cell contains signal polarity analyzer, diode bridge, current and voltage limiter, optocoupler, matching element, AND –NE element, first, second, third The 45 inputs of the signal polarity analyzer are connected respectively to the first, second, third inputs of the control cell, the output to the first output of the control cell and to the first input diode bridge, the second input of which is connected to the third input of the control cell, the first output of the diode bridge is connected to the first input of the current and voltage limiter, the second input the diode bridge and the first input of the optocoupler, the second input of which is connected to the output of the current and voltage limiter, the first input of the skidding element is connected to the third input of the optocoupler and to the fourth input of the control cell, the output of the optocoupler. connected to the second input of the matching element, the third input of which is connected to the fifth input of the control cell, you (. the matching element stroke is connected to the first input of the NAND element, the second input of which is connected to the control input of the control cell, the output of the NAND element is connected to the information output of the control cell. Riga.g -5ff / . m Tf i  I 15 (pu.s t t tn ae.7 2-1 1 in. . one 38 38 in 2in /V.- 2tfx. 25x. .  . ". / 26y. 888888 FIG. 9 1,2-h A THEIR. -9s one mn V v 9 9 Well 3 fPuz.S 2-2 2-n N / 1 in. 1c) (. Ш 1 five 35 behind 38 .  . ". / 26y. 2c. 28 fpuz.10