SU1376997A1 - Method of determining reserves of bottom hydrobionths - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to field exploration and is aimed at accelerating the survey, making it cheaper and increasing the reliability of the data obtained in determining the data on hydrobionts. To achieve this, the Bentos-300 (PLB) underwater laboratory is towed over the bottom around the clock for 6–8 days — a day at a distance of 3 m from the bottom at a speed of 3 knots and at a distance of 2 m from the bottom at a speed of no more than 1.5 knots. In the process of towing, the PAB trim and buoyancy are adjusted by varying the volume of ballast and its location relative to the longitudinal axis of the LDP, keeping it at a predetermined distance from the bottom. The LBP is moved according to a previously drawn tack pattern and is monitored by recording the thickness of the biomass and the percentage of covering its bottom of the reservoir around minute marks. On the thus obtained field of the current biomass weights, contour lines are drawn, the biomass value is set on the contour area bounded by isolines, and then the biomass reserves of all contours are summed up. 1 hp f-ly, 8 ill. from the next

Description

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The invention relates to exploration and is aimed at determining in fields the stocks of bottom aquatic organisms, such as mollusks or algae.

The aim of the invention is to accelerate the process, reduce its cost and increase the reliability of the data obtained.

The proposed method makes it possible to determine the reserves of bottom hydrobionts in large areas while maintaining the removal of the floating laboratory from the bottom of the surveyed area necessary for the study and to conduct research for several days continuously while saving electricity.

At the firm. 1, 2 graphically depicts the lifting forces acting on the nose of the floating laboratory for different modes of towing; in fig. 3, 4 and 5 - control scheme of the movement of the floating laboratory, depending on the topography of the bottom; in fig. 6 - diagram of tacks with marks; in fig. 7 - distribution of the biomass of hydrobionts of the phyllopha alga in the fishing area; on a cig 8 is a drawing of isolines in the area under study.

The method for determining the stocks of bottom hydbionts is carried out as follows.

Preliminarily, diving biomass samples (with the help of a partial frame and a ruler) are sampled on the bottom area with hydrobiaries and mollusks of the species under study and find the relationship between the thickness of the reservoir and the biomass weight per 1 m of the bottom area. Then, planes of tacks in the surveyed water area are drawn on the plates and marks are placed along each tack. After that, the Bentos-300 underwater laboratory is moved in the afternoon at a speed of 3 knots at a distance of 3 m from the bottom, and at night - at a speed of 1.5 knots at a distance of

2m from the bottom. A surface vessel is used to move it. The underwater laboratory is moved continuously until the Bentos-300 underwater laboratory is fully consumed, while in the process of moving it, the trim and buoyancy are changed depending on the bottom relief, and the ballast is moved along the longitudinal axis of the Bentos-300 underwater laboratory, as well as they change its volume, take it in and out, and thereby maintain a given distance from the bottom. In addition, at night, illuminate the bottom, using sources of electricity placed on the underwater laboratory. The discharge capacity of batteries, placed on the Bentos 300 submarine laboratory, lasts for 6–8 days of continuous control and illumination of the bottom at night.

With daylight bottom it is possible to use the speed of movement of the PLB.

3 knots. However, this speed

The PLB requires an increase in the distance to the bottom (up to three meters), which is necessary for a quick change in the depth of the PLB in the event of a sudden occurrence of an obstacle (rock, sunken ship) along the course of the PLB. Daylight allows the observer from the PLB at a distance of 3 m from the bottom to clearly distinguish hydrobionts with a characteristic size of 10 cm (algae and molars) at the moving speed of the PLB of 3 m. However, it is not possible to further increase the moving speed of the PLB. the reliability of the results.

With artificial lighting of the bottom of the air, it is possible to use the maximum movement of the PLB, not more than 1.5 knots, only such or a lower speed allows the observer from the PLB to clearly distinguish hydrobionts with a characteristic size of 10 cm.

0 allows you to approach the bottom at a distance of up to two meters, while maintaining the conditions for the safe control of the PLB vertically. Reducing the distance to the bottom at night improves the conditions of observation and thereby reduces the fatigue of the PLB observer. The indicated relationship between the rate of PLB movement and its distance to the bottom with natural and artificial illumination of the bottom was established by experimental work.

0 During the towing, the SLB continuously takes film and visual observations from it. Near each minute mark on the tack, the thickness of the biomass layer and the percentage of its bottom coverage are recorded, as well as the calculated value of the weight of the biomass, which is specified using data from photographic photography. The contours thus obtained for the current biomass weights are contour lines: averaging the weights of the biomass located inside — each contour bounded by adjacent

isolines (y), average

the weight of the biomass is multiplied by the contour area and a value of 5 biomass reserves is obtained on the area of this contour, after which the biomass reserves are accumulated on the area of all contours and the value of biomass reserve Gj is found over the entire surveyed area of the water area using the Gj formula; six

0 X (gi + g2)

this point of the bottom area

AND

Sy, where gi - biomass weight in

(kg / m2); gi

K b, n, Tch, hi - thickness of the biomass layer at this point (m); t) / - percentage of coverage of 55 bottom with biomass; K - coefficient of proportionality between the weight of biomass and the thickness of the reservoir, obtained by processing diving samples (kg / m); S / - j-ro area

a contour bounded by adjacent isolines gi and g2; N is the number of sites (contour areas) in the surveyed area of the water area.

Used in the implementation of the method of the underwater laboratory "Benthos-300 does not have horizontal rudders for vertical control. Therefore, when she goes under water in tow at a given distance from the bottom, she changes the trim and buoyancy depending on the topography of the bottom and the mode of operation. The operating mode of the PLB (underwater towing speed and dive depth) determines the lifting force arising from the effect of the towing cable on the PLB nose.

FIG. Figures 1 and 2 show the lifting forces acting on the nose of the PLB for different modes of submersible towing of the PLB on a tug of constant length. FIG. 1 shows the lifting forces P and P for the two towing speeds of the PLB — 1/1 and Vz. FIG. 2 shows the lifting forces Pi and Fc for two towing depths - Zi and Z2.

FIG. 3 shows the case of motion control of the PLB 1 above a flat horizontal 10

FIG. Figure 5 shows the case of control of the movement of the PLB 1 with a sharp change in the bottom relief 2 or a sudden appearance of an obstacle (rock, sunken ship) along the course of the PLB 1. In this case, to quickly change the depth H of the PLB 1 create an additional lift P, displaced high pressure air ballast — first from the nose tank 8 of the main ballast and then from the middle group of the tank 9 of the main ballast before trim leveling II.

After passing the obstacle 7, the air from tanks 8 and 9 of the main ballast is bleed off and the PLB 1 is returned for a given 5 distance I from the bottom 2. The tow of the PLB I is led by the vessel 10.

Example. According to the description of my method, the complex worked: a surface vessel of the RSP type and a submersible laboratory “Bentos-300. Previously, 430 diving phyllophoric samples were collected on the bottom area of the floor with algae filofori with the help of a scoring frame and ruler. These samples were weighed and found the relationship between the thickness of the 20

bottom surface 2 or above the bottom 2 with 25 phyllophors and a biomass weight per 1 m - flatly varying profile. When moving the PLB 1 in tow over a flat horizontal surface of the bottom 2 at a constant speed and with a constant length of the towing cable 3 to keep a given distance I PLB 1 from the bottom 2 compensate the lifting force P by moving part of the water ballast from the feed trim tanks 4 to nasal trim tanks 5.

When the PLB I is moving on the towing cable 3 above the horizontal surface of the bottom 2 with a slightly varying profile to hold a given distance I, water ballast is more often taken into stabilization tank 6 or is distinguished by means of pumps.

The change in buoyancy (for example, due to a change in water salinity) during the movement of the PLB 1 is compensated by taking the water ballast into the stabilization tank 6 or emptying it with the help of pumps.

FIG. Figure 1 shows the case of driving the PLB 1 above the bottom 2 with a constant positive slope (bottom elevation). In this case, in order to keep a given distance I from bottom 2 and trim II PLB 1, corresponding to the inclination angle a, compensate for the elevation force I, which changes with depth H, moving water ballast along PLB 1 from feed trim tanks 5 to differential feed tanks tanks 4.

At a constant negative slope of bottom 2 (lowering of the bottom), they do the opposite — they transfer water ballast from fodder to differential bow tanks 4, 5.

40

the bottom (as stated Bbioje). Then, a tack pattern was drawn on the tablet and time stamps were made along each tack (Fig. 1, where tacks indicate time; distance between tacks 2 miles.). After

30 of this PLB were moved in the afternoon at a speed of 3 knots at a distance of 3 m from the bottom, and at night - at a speed of 1.5 knots at a distance of 2 m from the bottom. A surface vessel was used to move it. PLB was towed continuously for 8 days and during the time investigated

35 all., Field.

During towing, the trim and buoyancy of the PLB were changed depending on the relief of the bottom, for which the water ballast was moved along the longitudinal axis of the PLB, and its volume was changed, i.e. they accepted and cast it, and thereby supported whether 1 or a given distance from the bottom. At night, the bottom was illuminated with PLB lamps using PLB electric power sources. To the detriment of 5 m towing, the PLB continuously produced film and visual observations from it. Near each minute mark on the tack, the thickness of the biomass layer and the percentage of its bottom coverage were recorded. as well as the estimated value of the weight of the biomass, which was specified with the help of cinema photographic data (see Fig. 2, which shows the distribution of the phyllophor bloom on one of the commercial fields; the average biomass in for time intervals of 12 minutes). In this way, the contours of the current weights of the biomass were drawn using the contours: 0.1; KO; 3.0; 8.0 (in kg / m) and received 4 contours and 4 areas bounded by these contours: Si - Sj (Fig. 3).

55

FIG. Figure 5 shows the case of control of the movement of the PLB 1 with a sharp change in the bottom relief 2 or a sudden appearance of an obstacle (rock, sunken ship) along the course of the PLB 1. In this case, to quickly change the depth H of the PLB 1 create an additional lift P, displaced high pressure air ballast — first from the nose tank 8 of the main ballast and then from the middle group of the tank 9 of the main ballast before trim leveling II.

After passing the obstacle 7, the air from tanks 8 and 9 of the main ballast is bleed off and the PLB 1 is returned for a given distance I from the bottom 2. The tow of the PLB I is led by the vessel 10.

Example. According to the description of my method, the complex worked: a surface vessel of the RSP type and a submersible laboratory “Bentos-300. Previously, 430 diving phyllophoric samples were collected on the bottom area of the floor with algae filofori with the help of a scoring frame and ruler. These samples were weighed and found the relationship between the thickness of the 20

5 phyllophors and biomass weights per 1 m - flat

the bottom (as stated Bbioje). Then, a tack pattern was drawn on the tablet and time stamps were made along each tack (Fig. 1, where tacks indicate time; distance between tacks 2 miles.). After

0 this PLB was moved in the afternoon at a speed of 3 knots at a distance of 3 m from the bottom, and at night - at a speed of 1.5 knots at a distance of 2 m from the bottom. A surface vessel was used to move it. PLB was towed continuously for 8 days and during the time investigated

5 all., Field.

During towing, the trim and buoyancy of the PLB were changed depending on the relief of the bottom, for which the water ballast was moved along the longitudinal axis of the PLB, and its volume was changed, i.e. they accepted and cast it, and thereby supported whether 1 or a given distance from the bottom. At night, the bottom was illuminated with PLB lamps using PLB electric power sources. During towing, the PLB continuously produced film and visual observations from it. Near each minute mark on the tack, the thickness of the biomass layer and the percentage of its bottom coverage were recorded. as well as the calculated value of the biomass weight, which was specified with the help of cinema photographs (see Fig. 2, which shows the distribution of the phyllophor bloom on one of the commercial fields; the average biomass is shown on the scale of the tacks in for time intervals of 12 minutes). In this way, the contours of the current weights of the biomass were drawn using the contours: 0.1; KO; 3.0; 8.0 (in kg / m) and received 4 contours and 4 areas bounded by these contours: Si - Sj (Fig. 3).

five

Then, the phyllophora biomass stock in the field was calculated using the formula:

N

samples of hydrobionts of the studied species, establishing the relationship between the thickness of their reservoir and the mass on the bottom area, equal to drawing up a tacks scheme with noshe1ch1zh1T1

GI.I.- (gi + g2) (0.1 +1.0) Si + by putting minute marks on it, moving

about ppprppi p lp tlpyi l Kattsg / - - PP "1 p

During the daytime, the Bentos-300 underwater laboratory at a speed of 3 knots at a distance of 3 m from the bottom, observing the thickness of the biomass reservoir and the percentage of covering the bottom of the reservoir with it, and recording 10 observations along the minute mark, thus obtaining the current mass of the biomass applying isolines to the field, determining the amount of biomass in the area of the contour bounded by adjacent isolines, and then determining the reserves of bottom aquatic organisms in the study area by summing up the biomass reserves in the area in seh contours, characterized in that "in order to speed up the examination and reduction, as well as

+ -f (1.0+ 3.0) 82+ -f (3.0+ 8.0) 5h + 8.2554.

WITH

where Si 189.573.500 m, 82 65.070.320 m 5z 24.401.370 m $ 4 8.133.790 m1 GJ: 104.3+ 130.1+ 134.2 + 67.1 435.7 kt.

Compared with the prototype method, the survey time was reduced by 5 times (as the submersible in the prototype method works 5 hours a day, and the speed of its movement over the bottom is equal to the average speed of movement over the ground of the Bentos-300 mobile laboratory). The use of the complex - a submarine and PLB without lifting the latter to

During the daytime, the Bentos-300 underwater laboratory at a speed of 3 knots at a distance of 3 m from the bottom, observing the thickness of the biomass reservoir and the percentage of covering the bottom of the reservoir with it, and recording 10 observations along the minute mark, thus obtaining the current mass of the biomass applying isolines to the field, determining the amount of biomass in the area of the contour bounded by adjacent isolines, and then determining the reserves of bottom aquatic organisms in the study area by summing up the biomass reserves in the area in seh contours, characterized in that "in order to speed up the examination and reduction, as well as

15

the surface for 6–8 days — 20 it can increase the reliability of the data obtained; it can work around the clock;

the cost of the study, since it is also carried out at night, this research reduces the costs of paying the payoff spending continuously for 6-

renting a submarine for 8 days, and in the process of moving, maintaining the PLB at a predetermined (equal depending on the bottom topography) distance from the ground provides 25 rents and buoyancy by changing the volume and normal conditions for the iballast observers

the longitudinal axis of the laboratory, while at night the movement of the underwater laboratory is carried out at a speed of no more than 1.5 knots at a distance of 2 m from the bottom.

2. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that.

This increases the accuracy of the study and the reliability of the data obtained.

Invention Formula

thirty

1. The method of determining the stocks of benthic hydrobionts, providing a preliminary collection on the area of the bottom of the reservoir

in order to reduce energy consumption, the movement of the underwater laboratory is carried out by a surface vessel.

samples of hydrobionts of the studied species, establishing the relationship between the thickness of their reservoir and the mass on the bottom area, equal to drawing up a tack scheme with the application of 1T1, i-k, iTi i ctvi4, u iiciritV-t

taking the minute mark on it, moving

taking the minute mark on it, moving

ppprppipy p lp tlpyi l Kattsg / - - PP "1 p

During the daytime underwater laboratory “Bentos-300” at a speed of 3 knots at a distance of 3 m from the bottom, observing the thickness of the biomass reservoir and the percentage of covering the bottom of the reservoir with it, and recording the results of observation along the minute labels to obtain the current mass of the biomass in the field of isolines, the determination of the value of biomass in the area of the contour bounded by adjacent isolines, and the subsequent determination of the reserves of bottom aquatic organisms in the study area by summing up the biomass reserves in the area of x circuits, characterized in that "in order to accelerate the examination and udeschevleni and

increase the reliability of the data obtained, the movement of the underwater laboratory

in order to reduce energy consumption, the movement of the underwater laboratory is carried out by a surface vessel.

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Claims (2)

Claim 1. A method for determining the reserves of bottom aquatic organisms, providing for the preliminary collection on the bottom of the reservoir of samples of aquatic organisms of the studied species, establishing the relationship between the thickness of their formation and the mass on the bottom area of 1 m ² , drawing a tack with the application of minute marks on it, moving the underwater laboratory "Bentos-300" in the daytime at a speed of 3 knots at a distance of 3 m from the bottom with observations of the thickness of the biomass layer and the percentage of coverage of the bottom of the reservoir and recording the observation results along the mine markers with thus obtaining the field of current biomass masses, applying isolines to the field, establishing the biomass value on the contour area bounded by adjacent contours, and then determining the bottom hydrobiont reserves in the studied area by summing the biomass reserves on the area of all contours, characterized in that, , in order to accelerate the examination and reduce the cost, as well as increase the reliability of the data obtained, the movement of the underwater laboratory is also carried out at night, the studies are carried out continuously about 6-8 days, and in the process of moving, depending on the topography of the bottom, diffuse and buoyancy is controlled by changing the volume of the ballast and its location relative to the longitudinal axis of the laboratory, while at night the underwater laboratory is moved at a speed of no more than _ 1, 5 knots at a distance of 2 m from the bottom. 2. The method according to π. 1, characterized in that, in order to reduce energy consumption, the movement of the underwater laboratory is carried out by a surface vessel. Fig. 5 03.00 s => -o Tehred I. Veres Circulation. 519 Proofreader M. Pozho Subscription