SU1368550A2 - Variable-speed drive - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to mechanical engineering. Pel invention - ensuring the reverse operation of the variator. The rotation of the input shaft 3 (clockwise) transmits the rotation and load on the output shaft 4 by means of four crank-and-crank mechanisms, which are a gear wheel 9 together with wedge elements

Description

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11. Cranks in the form of fingers are made on the wedge elements, the scenes are in the form of radial grooves on the gear 9. The backstage is shifted in space by a phase angle equal to 90. With a uniform rotation of the gear 9, the cranks rotate with time-varying speed therefore during rotation the input shaft 3, together with the gear wheel 9, all the wedge elements rotate at a variable angular velocity shifted by a phase angle. All wedge elements 11, made of the same shape and size, tend to wedge on the guide sleeve 5, but only the element located in the zone of the window 35 of the sleeve 34 can wedge, the other elements slip

with friction along this guide. When the input shaft 3 is rotated every 90 °, the following wedge elements are wedged alternately. Other variants of the device for controlling the seizure of the grippers are possible: in the form of internal and external disks with protrusions and notches on the tords, in the form of a sleeve 34 with windows cooperating with wedge elements 11 like the first variant, but on the sleeve 34 there are two windows shifted relative to each other, or in contrast to the previous versions, in the guide of the same holder, grippers of the opposite direction of wedging are installed on the guide for reversing the options. 1 hp f-ly, 27 ill.

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The invention relates to mechanical engineering, in particular, to devices for continuously variable variation of the rotational speed of the slave link, and is an improvement of the device according to the author. No. 1326824.

A known variator used in machine-tool construction, chemical engineering and other fields of technology, which includes a housing with parallel input and output shafts installed in it, a device for changing the distance between the shafts and a gearbox, the leading element is mounted on the input shaft, and the slave - on the day off. The reducer is additionally equipped with wedge elements, and the driven element is a cylinder with an annular guide in which the said wedge elements are placed, spring-loaded relative to the driving element made in the form of a gear wheel, the number of teeth of which is equal to the number of wedge elements opposite to the guide ends of which are placed in the corresponding grooves of the gear, the different shelves of each wedge element have oppositely placed protrusions, and the variator is equipped with at least re one ring with a cut around the circle placed

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centrically with the possibility of rotation relative to the cylinder and the interacting cylindrical surface with protrusions of like shelves of wedge elements.

The disadvantage of this variator is the lack of the possibility of its operation in the reverse mode.

The purpose of the invention is to provide reverse operation of the variator, due to the fact that the known variator is supplied with additional wedge elements of the opposite direction of wedging, made similarly to the main one and placed in the guide evenly between them, in addition, the variator is provided with elastic elements arranged on the shelves interacting with the ring.

Figure 1 shows the variator, a longitudinal section; first option; figure 2 - section aa in figure 1; on fig.Z - section BB in figure 1; on Fig.4rezb-In figure 1; figure 5 is a section of GG in figure 1; figure 6 is a section dD in figure 1; Fig. 7 is the same embodiment; Fig. 8 is a section A-A in Fig. 1, an embodiment; figure 9 - variator, longitudinal section, the second option; figure 10 - section EE of figure 9; figure 11 - section of the W-W figure 9; on Fig - section

0

3-3 in FIG. FIG. 13 is a section view of FIG. 11; FIG. on Fig - variator longitudinal section, the third option;

on Fig - section KK on Fig; n Fig.16 - section LL on Fig.14; on Fig - section MM in Fig.14; Fig. 18 is a section HH in Fig. 14; on Fig - variator, a longitudinal section of the fourth option; on Fig - section OH on Fig; on Fig - section PP in Fig.19; FIG. 22 shows a section of FIG. 19; FIG. Fig. 23 is a kinematic diagram of the variator, the third embodiment of Fig. 14; Fig.24 is a view of C.23; Fig.25 is a view of T on Fig.23; Figure 26 is a kinematic diagram of a planetary variator; on Fig.27 - section GG in figure 1, option-.

The variator is made as follows.

The housing 1 on the bearings 2 has an input 3 liters output 4 shafts, one of which is connected to the housing 1 through a device to change the misalignment of the shafts. On the output shaft 4, a cylinder is fixedly mounted, consisting of a holder 5, rigidly connected, for example, through pins 6 with a sleeve 7, which together form an annular groove guide 8 (Fig. 2). On the input shaft 3 Fixed mounted gear 9 with four radial grooves 10 (figure 2). In the guide 8 of the yoke 5, wedge wedging elements 11 are movably mounted, which are the free-wheeling elements having the possibility of being stuck on the guide and associated with the gear wheel 9.

The wedge element 11 contains a shelf 12 and two protrusions 13 and 14 (FIG. 3). The shelves 12 are free with gaps mounted in the guide 8 and can be made with a lug 15. A finger 16 is mounted rigidly with a tension on the wedge element 11, on which is mounted a roller 17 placed in the radial groove 10 of the gear wheel 9. On the lugs 13 and 14 there are holes in which a slide 18 is movably mounted, connected to the wedge element 11 through a spring 19 and a retainer 20 in the form of a spring ring (FIG. 3). The spring 9 with one end rests on the protrusion 14 of the wedge element 11, and the other end on the latch 20, which is rigidly lips

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On the slider 18 without moving along the axis of the slider 18. In the hole of the wedge element 11, a wedging spring 21 is installed (FIG. 4), resting with one end on the wedge element 11, and the other end through the pusher 22 on the inner surface 23 of the sleeve 7. The pusher 22 is mounted movably with a gap in the hole of the wedge element 11.

The variator comprises a device for adjusting the axial distance between shafts 3 and 4, for example, in the form of a 15 swivel plate 24 (fig.t and 5) connected to the housing 1 via a hinge 25, a screw 26, a nut 27, a sleeve 28 and a handle 29 management The hinge 25 is rigidly fixed in the hole of the plate 24 and loosely in the hole of the housing 1. The nut 27 is connected to the plate 24 by means of the bolts 30 (figure 1), and with the screw 26 by a thread. The bolts 30 with their threaded part are rigidly connected to the plate 24, and the smooth section is movably pivotally with the nut 27. A sleeve 28 with a clearance is seated on the smooth section of the screw 26 and connected to the housing 1 via a pin 31, pressed into the hole of the housing 1 and movably seated in the hole sleeves 28. The control knob 29 is fixedly connected to the screw 26, for example, via a key 32 and a bolt 33. One of the shafts, for example 35 input shaft 3, is mounted on the turntable 24 through rolling or sliding bearings.

The variator comprises a device for controlling the jamming of the elements 11 on the guide 8, kinematically connected with the housing 1. This device may have various embodiments. Figures 1 to 7 depict a first variant of a variator with a device for controlling the wedging of wedge elements in the form of a sleeve 34 with a window 35, which interacts with the wedge elements 11 in all areas around the circumference except the window area. The sleeve 34 is movably mounted in the sleeve 7 of the holder 5, the wedge elements 11 interact with the surface 36 (FIG. 3) of the sleeve 34 through proppant springs. 19 and a slider 18. A sleeve 34 is connected to the housing 1 via a pin 37, a disk 38 and a plate 24. The pin 37 is pressed into the sleeve 34 and is fitted with a gap in the disk 38, namely in its radial groove 39.

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The disk 38 is connected motionless to the plate 24 through the pin 40 (Fig.1 and 6).

The slides 18 are mounted so that between the retainer 20 and the surface of the protrusion 13 there is a guaranteed gap (FIG. 3). If the gap is completely selected, the latch 20 rests on the surface of the protrusion 13 in those cases when the wedge member 1 1 is in the region of the window 35 of the sleeve 34.

In the second embodiment of the variator of FIGS. 9 to 13, the device for controlling the seizure of the grippers is made in the form of an internal 41 and external 42 disks with protrusions and recesses at the ends. The disk 41 is made; end protrusion 43 and the notch 44 (Fig.12) at the end. The protrusion 45 is made on the disk 42 and the recess 46 on the torus-20 may be stuck in the guide

tse i on both discs, the end projections are not made around the entire circumference. The radial wedges 47 are installed in the wedge elements 11 with the possibility of interaction with the inner surface 23 of the sleeve 7.

The disks 41 and 42 are mounted inside the sleeve 7 and relative to each other movably and connected kinematically to the housing 1, for example, through a washer and a rotary plate 24. The disk 41 is connected to the washer 48 through a pin 49 rigidly mounted in the hole of the disk 41 and movably installed in the radial the groove 50 of the washer 48. The disk 42 is connected to the washer 48 via a pin 51 fixed in the holes of the disk 42 and with a gap installed in the radial groove 52 of the washer 48. The washer 48 is connected to the plate 24 movably in the axial direction and stationary in the circumferential direction through the spring 53 . Jammed The circulating spring 21 and the pusher 22 are made in the same way as in the first embodiment (Figures 1-6), but are located on the other side of the wedge element with respect to the wedge 47. Otherwise, the variator is made similar to the first embodiment.

The variator in the third variant (figs. 14-18) is made in two stages. It contains, in contrast to the above-described, additional shaft 54, on which the gear wheel 9 is mounted (fig. 1-6). The additional shaft 54 is connected to the housing 1 through the rotary plate 24, the input shaft 3 is movably mounted inside the output shaft 4. The output

shaft 4 is mounted in housing 1 in rolling or sliding bearings. A ferrule 55 with a guide 8 is fixedly mounted on the input shaft 3 (Fig. 15). On the output shaft 4, the sleeve 5 is rigidly placed with the guide 56 (Fig. 16). The wedge elements 11 are made uniform, integral for

both shafts and each one contains two shelves.

The inner shelf 57 is installed in the guide 8 of the yoke 55 of the input shaft 3 with a clearance. The outer shelf 58

the wedge element is movably disposed with a clearance in the guide 56 of the output shaft holder 5. These shelves are made with the opposite direction of jamming. For example, shelves

8 when the additional shaft 54 (gear 9) is rotated clockwise (Fig. 15), and the flange 58 on the guide 56 - when the shaft 54 rotates

5 counterclockwise (in FIG. 14, the arrows of the sections K — K and L — L are directed in opposite directions). On blades 57 and 58, cuts 59 - 62 can be made so deep and wide that these shelves have the opportunity (for example, by 1 °) to turn in their direction towards free running.

On the shelves there are protrusions 63 and

t 64 (FIG. 17), in the holes x of which two slider 18 are installed, two each; springs 19 and two clamps 20 each. These elements are made similar to the first variant (fig. 3), however

0 one slider 18 is mounted on the wedge element 11 with a shift relative to the other slider 18 both along the cage axis and along the circumference. The device for controlling the clamping on the guide in this embodiment is made in the form of a sleeve 34 with windows interacting with wedge elements 11, like the first embodiment, but on the sleeve 34 there are not one but two windows 65 and 66 shifted relative to each other as along axes (bushings) and along the circumference.

The sliders 18 can interact with the surface 36 of the sleeve 34 in all zones except the area of their windows 65 and 66. Some of the sliders 18 cannot interact with the surface 36 in the area of the window 65, and the other part

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slide 18 - in the zone of the window 66. The sleeve 34 is connected kinematically with the copus 1, similar to the first option

In the fourth embodiment (Figs. 19-22, in the embodiment of the variator, unlike other variants, in the guide of the same cage, different (opposite) wedges of the wedging on the guide bar are coupled with the same gear wheel. One of them can jam when rotating the shafts (eg, the input shaft) clockwise, others - when the shaft rotates counterclockwise, i.e. the variator is reversible.

Two sets of wedge elements 11 — left 67 and right 68 — interconnected through a stretching spring 69 (fig. 20) are mounted in the guide 8 of the sleeve 5. Each wedge element 11 is left 67 and right 68 contains a slider 18, a wedging spring 19 and a retainer (split spring ring) 20, similar to the first embodiment.

The device for controlling the seizure of the grips on the guide is made in the form of a sleeve 34 with an inner surface 36 (FIG. 21) for interacting with the sliders 18 and with the windows 35 (FIG. 21 and 22) on this sleeve 34. The sliders 18 of wedge elements of different sets are shifted along the axis of the cage 5 relative to each other by the same amount as the window 35 on the sleeve 34. The window 35 is made offset from each other and along the circumference in the circumferential direction. The slide 18 is offset relative to the jamming spring 69 in opposite directions, to different edges of their wedge elements.

Unlike the first embodiment (FIGS. 1-6), the surface 36 of the sleeve 34 encompasses the slide 18, but this is not essential and can be done as in FIG. 3, where the surface 36 of the sleeve 34 encompasses the slide 18. In contrast to Other variants of the gear wheel 9, rigidly fixed on the input shaft 3, are made in the form of a disk in which three fixed pins are fixedly mounted, for example, three fingers 16. Rollers 17 (Fig. 19) are rotatably hinged on fingers 16 with a gap.

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but without the possibility of axial displacement. The rollers 17 are placed in the slots 10 (FIG. 22) of the wedge elements 11,

The variator in the first embodiment works as follows.

When the input shaft 3 rotates clockwise (FIG. 2) in FIG. 3, it is counterclockwise, (the arrows of the sections A-A and BB in FIG. 1 are directed in opposite directions) rotation and load are transmitted to the output shaft 4 The gear wheel 9 together with the wedge elements 11 form four crank-rocker mechanisms, the cranks of which are made on the wedge elements 11, the wings on the gear wheel 9. The cranks are fingers 16, the wings are radial grooves 10 of the gear 9. The wings are shifted into space at a phase angle of 90 °. When the gear wheel 9 rotates uniformly, the cranks rotate at a variable speed in time; therefore, when the input shaft 3 rotates together with the gear wheel 9, all wedge elements 11 rotate at variable angular speed shifted by a phase angle. All wedge elements 11 are made identical in shape and size. The wedge elements tend to jam on the guide 8 of the sleeve 5, but only one element can be stuck in the zone of the window 35 of the sleeve 34. This element is automatically stuck on the guide 8 and transmits the rotation from the input shaft 3 to the output shaft 4. The rest wedge elements slip freely with some friction along guide 8.

After the input shaft 3 is rotated by 90 °, the wedged element is wedged on the guide rail 8, and

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The other, going from behind, is located in the zone of the window 35. Further, the variator works similarly, each wedge element transfers the load in turn, like a tooth of a known gear drive.

The width t of the protrusion 15 of the wedge element is selected from the jamming condition, the width from the flange 12 is selected from the free running condition (FIG. 2) i.e. if the gear 9 rotates counterclockwise (Fig. 2), all the wedge elements have a free play, and when the gear wheel rotates, 91368550 O

Sa 9 clockwise - can be on the guide 8, but, so

If you don’t interfere with the wedging spring 19, the slider 18 and the surface 36 of the sleeve 34, the smaller the size a, the more reliable the wedge elements, the larger the size from the shelf 12, the more reliable their free travel.

The force of the spring 19 is chosen from the condition that the wedged element.

The force of the spring 21 is chosen to be smaller, having a free course, could not, than the force of the wedging spring 19, line on the guide 8 during rotation, therefore all wedge elements that are not in the zone of the window 36 of the sleeve 34,

The output shaft 4 is at a faster speed than this wedge element could tell it. Rasklini-clamp 20 with the surface 36 of the sleeve 15 and the front wedge 34 are free to move when the element is rotated at the back.

element, since after rotating the input shaft 3 by 90 ° from behind, the running element can inform the guide 20 8, the sleeve 5 and the output shaft 4, to have a greater angular velocity than the front running element. The spring 19 only keeps the element from a new jamming until it approaches the 25th zone of the window 35, t, e, until the input shaft 3 rotates 270 °,

The central angle / 5, within which the window 35 of the sleeve 34 is located, may be greater or less than 90 °. The torus 20 abuts against the protrusion 13, the element number of the wedge elements and the gap between the retainer 20 and 11 and the radial grooves 10 of the toothed protrusion 13. will be selected. The force of the wedging spring 19 closes on the wedge element itself, t, .e, the spring 19 in the zone of the window 35 ceases to interfere with the wedging of the element, clockwise rotation and load 21 constantly pushes away one edge of the element from the surface 23 sleeves 7, in the area of the window 35 of the sleeve 34, the spring 21 can choose the gaps between the guide 8 and the shelf 12 and contributes to jamming the interacting through the slider 18 and

the input shaft 3 in any direction, which is provided by the dimensions of the wedge elements or the placement of the slider 18 on the wedge element.

When the input shaft 3 rotates counterclockwise (FIG. 2), the free motion of the wedge elements is the size of the flange width 12, and when the shaft 3 rotates clockwise, the slider 18, spring 19 and surface 36 of sleeve 34,

If the wedge element is in the region of the window 36 of the sleeve 34, then the fixed wheel 9 is equal to four.

The variator according to the second variant works as follows.

When the input shaft 3 rotates

transferred to the output shaft 4, while the three wedge elements 11 are in the zone of at least one

40 of the protrusions 43 and 45 of the disks 41 and 42 of the elements and interact with at least one of the two protrusions 43 and 45, which under the action of the wedging spring 53 act

niyu. The more the braking moment of the load is. On the output shaft 4, the more wedge element 11 is wedged on the guide 8. The action of the jamming spring 21 is necessary only at the beginning of the jamming, its force may be insignificant.

40 of the protrusions 43 and 45 of the discs 41 and 42 of the elements and interact at least with one of the two protrusions 43 and 45, which under the action of the opening spring 53 acts

45 on them. The force of the spring 53 transfers to the radial wedges 47, and from them the inner surface 23 of the sleeve 7 is perceived. These three grippers cannot be wedged on the guide 8, so

For example, slightly more than the mass of the cl-gQ KEIK (FIG. 10) is the size of ha (the distance of the new element.

After rotation of the gear wheel 9 together with the input shaft 3 at an angle less than 90 °, the slider 18 rests its end into the window 35 of the sleeve 34, the slider 18 rises, a gap a appears between the latch 20 and the projection 13 of the wedge element (Fig ). The spring 20 tends to break the element of the axis of the radial wedges 47 to the cr of the protrusion 15) is selected from the condition

when the input shaft 3 is rotated clockwise, and the force of the gc creeping spring 53 is chosen to be a large wedging force — spring 21; these three wedge elements have a free stroke when the input

 H in any direction, since these klein

as the force of the spring 19 is small compared with the current external load and compared with the forces acting on the wedged element, it cannot be broken.

The force of the spring 19 is chosen from the condition that the wedged element.

having a free move, could not get stuck on guide 8 when turning

The central angle / 5, within which the window 35 of the sleeve 34 is located, may be more or less than 90 ° pH, the number of wedge elements 11 and radial grooves 10 toothed clockwise rotation and load

wheels 9, equal to four.

The variator according to the second variant works as follows.

When the input shaft 3 rotates

Central angle / 5, within the limits of the expensively located window 35 of the sleeve 34, may be more or less than 90 ° pH number of wedge elements 11 and radial grooves 10 toothed clockwise rotation and load

transferred to the output shaft 4, while the three wedge elements 11 are in the zone of at least one

from the protrusions 43 and 45 of the disks 41 and 42 of the elements and interact with at least one of the two protrusions 43 and 45, which under the action of the wedging spring 53 act

on them. The force of the spring 53 is transmitted to the radial wedges 47, and the inner surface 23 of the sleeve 7 is perceived from them. These three grippers cannot wedge on the guide 8, so

gQ KEIK (FIG. 10) size ha (distance

from the axis of the radial wedges 47 to the edge of the protrusion 15) is selected from the condition of free running when the input shaft 3 is rotated clockwise, and the force of the gusher spring 53 is selected by a large wedging force — spring 21; These three wedge elements have free running when the input shaft rotates

 H in any direction, since these cool

Vk grips size is selected, as in the first embodiment, from the condition of free stroke when the drive shaft is rotated counterclockwise.

One of the four elements (in Fig. 1 is in the area of both recesses 44 and 46 of both disks 41 and 42, i.e., does not interact with any of the protrusions 43 and 45, therefore the force of the wedging spring 53 is not transmitted to the wedge element. It has a wedge spring 21, which selects the gaps between the wedge element and the guide 8 and contributes to the beginning of wedging. The order of operation of subsequent wedge elements is similar to that described.

The variator according to the third variant works as follows.

When the input shaft 3 rotates clockwise (Fig. 17), the rotation and load are transmitted to the output shaft 4. In the zone of each of the trenches 65 and 66, one wedge element is located. The variator (Fig.14 - 18) contains six wedge elements that are identical in shape and size, and six grooves 10 of the gear wheel 9.

One of the wedge elements (Fig. 17), the slider of which is in the zone of the window 66, automatically wedges on the guide 8 of the casing 55 of the input shaft 3 and transmits rotation to the additional shaft 54. Another wedge element (Fig. 18), which slider 18 is located in the area of the window 65 of the sleeve 34, is also wedged on the guide 56 of the holder 55 of the output shaft 4 and transmits rotation from the additional shaft 54 to the output shaft 4. If, for example, an element wedged on the input shaft guide is conventionally considered first, then the drive shaft jamming quarter element w with a total number of elements equal to six. Thus, at the same time, they are wedged on different guide elements that are coupled with the radial grooves of the gear, which are diametrically opposed.

After the input shaft 3 is rotated at a certain angle, the wedged elements are wedged in their guides, and the others following them are wedged. Next variator works similarly. When performing a two-stage variator (Fig.14-18)

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The manual device for controlling the jamming of elements on the guide depends on the number of grooves of the gear and on the number of elements. described variator with an even number (equal to six) of the gear teeth. When the number is odd, for example equal to five, the structure of the device for controlling the jamming should be different.

The variator according to the fourth variant works as follows.

When the input shaft rotates 3 seconds

15, a gear wheel 9 clockwise (Fig. 21), the rotation and the load are transmitted to the output shaft 4. In this case, the wedge element 11 of the left set is wedged on the guide 8 and transmits the rotation from the input shaft 3 to the output shaft 4, since the slider is in the zone of the window 35 of the sleeve 34. All other elements of the left and right sets have a free

25 travel along the guide 8. After the input shaft is rotated 120 °, this element is automatically wedged on the guide and another wedge element is wedged behind it.

30 of the same left set. The wedge elements of the other (right) set, when the input shaft 3 is rotated clockwise, cannot jam. Further, the variator works in a similar way, the elements work in turn.

This variator works in the same way even if the drive shaft is not shaft 3, but shaft 4, i.e. the variator has the property of reversing the transmission of rotation from any shaft in any direction. This property does not have other variants of the variator. Thus, due to the fact that the variator is equipped with additional grippers of the opposite direction of jamming and placed in the guide evenly, the variator operation is reversible.

Claims (2)

The variator can be used in various sectors of the national economy, in particular in transport engineering, machine-tool construction, etc. Claim 1. Inverter for auth.St. No. 1326824, characterized in that, in order to ensure reversible operation, it is provided with additional wedge 35 40 45 50 55 131368550 elements of the opposite direction 2. The variator according to claim 1, about tl and h - laziness of wedging, made with the fact that it is provided with elastic elements, similar to the main one and placed on the shelves, in the guide evenly between them. tami interacting with the ring. B- 5 7 36 FIG. 7 20 nineteen 2C SSS $ SS: S S S S $ $ $ FIG. five Z1 Fy Fig.8 f f I .  /  h, 9   tFig.9 / 5Z Zjf - one 2 6 W w Figg and-and W FIG. 13 ff / Ti u l 6Z Fig.T5 Ti u t / e.lf l Jj-jj FIG. sixteen M-M HCH 4v Vi; . - fie. fff nn 65 (fue.lS Jff FIG. 20 P- P FIG. 22 / 7- / 7 TO 042.21 ten eleven 36 tfue-iS Buff C Fm.g fpuz.ZS Figg7 Yr