SU1351533A1 - Plant top removing device for root and tuber crop harvesting machine - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of agricultural engineering, in particular, to the topper-removing devices of the root-harvesting MaiHHH. The purpose of the invention is to reduce damage to root crops. The root-harvesting device of the root-harvesting machine contains a root-orienting mechanism and an equalizer of the root crops, consisting of rotating disk I and the disk 7 with corrugated working surface, which interacts with the conveyor roller 8, which has the shape of an annular sector, inside which a spreader is installed. The latter consists of a shaft 14 carrying a drum, made of cables 18 secured along its forming lines. In the lower part of the drum there are flexible bats 17. In the middle part of the cables 18, cleaning rods are fixed. When the device works, the roots are oriented on the oriented mechanism, i.e. spread out over his cell. Next, the roots are leveled between the disk I and the conveyor-conveyor 8, and the topper with its own cables 18 and flexible whips removes the tops from the roots. 5 hp f-ly, 4 ill. iS (O gz 29 sd sd SP with s fig.

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to booms used in root-harvesting machines.

The purpose of the invention is to reduce damage to root crops.

FIG. 1 is a schematic side view of a root-harvesting topper device; in fig. 2 - the same, top view; in fig. 3 - haul divider, side view; in fig. 4 - working area you are equal to root vegetables.

The topper of a corn harvesting magnet contains a disk 1 rotating around its axis, inclined to the horizon at an angle σ, the apex of which is directed in the direction of movement of the machine (arrow A, fig. 2). The disk rotates at 1K) M (lashing gear: drive sprocket 2 connected to the hydraulic motor 3 and the hub trim at the end of disk 1 (Fig. 1 and 2). The lower, inclined, front part of disk 1 rests on two supporting sprockets 4 In the upper part of the disk 1 there is a fixedly mounted annular grooved guide 5, along which three supporting rollers 6 (Figs. 1 and 2) roll, the axes of which are fixed to the frame (not shown) of the harvesting machine.

A corrugated disk 7 is fixed in the pizhpey part of disk 1, equal in diameter to the outer and inner diameters of dieT; k 1. Disk 7 is extracted from an elastic Materia; 1a, for example, rubber.

Under rotation 1 with disk 1 parallel, along its plane also with an inclination to the horizon at an angle a, a sector-ro is located on the right but headway of the topper harvest side. 1gang 8. A sector-roller table along the length paiseii 1/2 of the circumference of the disk 1. The arc radius of the sector-roller table coincides with the axis of the vraphepi disk I. The sector-roller table 8 consists of rollers 9 that have (1) a truncated 1 o cone. The cones of the cones are directed to the axis of rotation of the disk 1. The rollers are fixedly mounted on the axis x 10 and are supported on the rolling bearings (Fig. D and 4), which are located in housings (not shown). Bearing housings, located on the peripheral part of the roller-rolling sector, are fixed on the frame, hinged, and the subtype housings located inside the haulm removal device are supported on springs 11 (fig. 1 and 4), which are fixed by another m. end on the frame of the machine (not shown).

On the axis of each roller 9 on the inner side of the device, elastic tapered washers 12 are loosely put on (Fig. 4). The washers 12 are made in the form of a truncated cone and are put on the axis 10 in such a way that the apex of the cone is directed from the center of rotation of the disk 1, i.e. in the direction opposite to the direction of the top of the rollers 9.

Inside the rotating disk I is located the topper 13 (Fig. 1 and 2), vynol

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foam in the form of a cylindrical drum with a vertical axis of rotation (Fig. 3).

The drum consists of a vertical shaft 14, on which the cross-shaped flanges are fixed; lower 15 and upper 16. On each beam of the lower cross-shaped flange, flexible bats 17 are mounted in the vertical position.

The drum generators, made in the form of tensioned cables 18, are fixed at one end on the lower flange 15 and the other end on the upper flange 16. The cables 18 are fixed on the flanges closer to the axis than the whips 17, and in such a way that they can rotate around its vertical axis. On cables 18, in their middle part, occupying about 2/3 of their length, there are mounted wipers 19, made in the form of brushes 3. In its lower part, the drum of the topper 13 rests on a thrust SUBPLET (not shown), which is located in the housing 20. Case fixed to the beam frame 21 of the device.

In the upper part, the shaft of the bobbin separator 13 rests on the rolling bearing in the housing and is connected via a coupling to a hydraulic motor (the bearing, the housing, the coupling and the hydraulic motor are not shown). The vertical axis of the topper splitter 13 is displaced relative to the axis of rotation of the upper disk 1 to the middle part of the arc of the roller bed sector 8.

At the bottom, right in the direction of the harvesting manshna, the part under the roller table 8, there is a suction nozzle 22 for separated tops. A guide plate 23 adjoins the nozzle from below under the scourges 17. A pneumatic line 24 is connected to the nozzle 22 from the fan inlet suction nozzle (not shown) from above the nozzle 22. The accumulation of the folded tops is provided in the storage hopper (not the hopper). A belt conveyor 25 is installed to unload the peeled roots into the vehicle.

The device operates in conjunction with a device for extracting root crops, containing a retrieving device (not shown), an active cleaner (not indicated), and a receiving orienting device.

The orienting device is made in the form of a horizontally located, rotating around its vertical axis, a port of the steering orienting disk. The disk consists of a hub (not shown), in the upper part of which upper brackets are fixedly fixed in pairs from the center Q to the periphery. Between the brackets 26 constituting a pair, there is a notch in the hub, in which the movable brackets 27 are tilted. Each pair of brackets 27 is connected to each other 5 motionlessly, and with the hub it is hinged and has the ability to move in a vertical 1; On top, the fixed croppings1) 1 26 and 27 are connected between

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is an elastic material 28 and form root crops. The movable arms 27 rest on the directional plate 29. The plate is fixed to the frame stationary and has a smoothly varying height above the floor: the greatest at the intersection point with the longitudinal line of the unit.

The device works as follows.

Located in the cell, the root crop lies on the elastic material 28, mounted on the movable brackets 27 and fixed 26, located in the upper part of the disc hub. Thus, the elastic material 28 forms the bottom of the cell and its side walls, which limit the movement of the body during transportation. As a result of the rotation of the transporting-orienting disk, the cell with the root crop lying in it approaches the cutting device. On the approach to it, movable long brackets 27 are hinged to the hub on a guide plate 29 with a radius equal to the radius of impact of the brackets 27, which have a smoothly changing height above the ground level: the greatest at the intersection point with the longitudinal line of the unit. Moving along the guide plate, the moving brackets 27 move in a vertical plane, raising the root crop there to the cell surface and reducing the size of the transport orienting disc. Changing the depth of the cell, reducing the size of the disk allows you to start the lower brackets 27 with the root crop lying on them between the rolling sector and the transporting disk of the bobbing device. When the lower brackets 27 are in the upper position (Figs. 1 and 2), the passage at the highest point of the guide plate 29, the elastic material 28 connecting the upper and lower brackets, sags from the side walls. The height of the walls becomes insignificant, and the root crop lies only on the lower brackets 27, which prevent it from accidentally rolling down. Having entered the zone of action of the rotating transporting disk of the bobbing device, the root crop, which is oriented by the leaves to the inside of this device, is picked up by the elastic elements of the transporting disk.

The extracted and pre-cleaned root crops are laid on the tapered rollers 9 of the roller-bed 8 sector to the tops of the leaves inside the device. The upper rotating disk 1 with its corrugated surface picks up the root and transports it along the roller table. When this happens, the soil residues adhering to the roots are removed.

Since the rollers 9 and. Sweep the shape of a truncated cone, the top of which is directed 5

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on the axis of rotation of disk 1, and the disk is inclined to the horizon at an angle oc in the direction of movement of the machine, then the roots, rolling along the rollers of the sector, rotate anga 8, move toward the axis of rotation of the disk. This allows you to maximize the tops of the tops at the very head of the root. To prevent the fodder beet roots from falling inside the device, on the axis 10, on the inside, are tapered elastic cones 12 (Fig. 4). The central angle of the arc of the sector-roller 8 is 180 °, and the surface at the base of the rollers is parallel to the plane of rotation of the disk 1. Root crops, under the corrugated surface of the rotating disk, rotate 180 ° relative to their original position and. rise to a height due to the angle a.

If between the disk 1 and the rollers 9 a root crop of considerable size falls, then under the influence of the elastic corrugated surface of the disk 1 it alternately compresses the springs II, moving along the tapered rollers 9 without damage to the discharge conveyor 25.

But before the roots get to the unloading conveyor, they move from the tops to the topper when moving along the roller conveyor. 13. The boom separator, made in the form of a drum with a vertical axis of rotation, is inside the disk 1 and rotates in the same direction as the disk , but with a greater angular speed needed to pick up the leaves. The axis of rotation of the topper is shifted relative to the axis of rotation of the disk 1 to the middle part of the arc of the sector of the roller table 8 by approximately the length of the Zelastic scissors 17 (FIG. 3).

Obbivaniya tops is as follows.

Rotating in the same direction as the transporting disk 1, but with a greater angular velocity, the haulmmer 13 acts on the tops of the folded on the conveyor sector of the root crops with elastic scourges 17 located in its lower part. Since the tapered rollers 9 are located along an arc inclined to the horizon at an angle, volume a, and the axis of rotation of the topper is displaced relative to the axis of rotation of the disk 1, the whips 17 enter the tops not all their plane, but gradually. In this case, gradual entry into the tops is carried out in the horizontal and vertical planes. This provides a better cleaning of root crops from the tops, as the reactive moments arising from the impact on the leaves are very small and cannot move the root to the peripheral part of the device.

An upholstered elastic scourge tops tangentially to the trajectory of rotation of the scourge enters the intake nozzle 22. The guide plate 23 prevents the scattering of the folded out foliage over the field.

From the intake nozzle 22, the tops are picked up by the air flow from the fan and, however, to the air line 24 is transported to a storage bin. The roots, rolling along the rollers. Of the roller-rolling sector 8, gradually leave the zone affected by elastic scourges, since the axis of the rotating transport disk is tilted and the axis of rotation of the cleaner is perpendicular to the surface of the field. In addition, the axis of the cleaner is offset from the axis of rotation of the transporting disk 1 by an amount E equal to about the length of the elastic element of the scourge 17. Such placement of the topper in the device for removing the tops allows the cables 18 and the elastic elements fixed on them to clean: l 19 Close to the heads of transported root crops in the upper part of the roller table.

The elastic elements of the cleaner 19 are shaped like a brush and, being fixed on the cables 18, which, under the influence of the centrifugal forces of the nrini, are barrel-shaped (Fig. 3) and increase the final treatment zone by that1.31m. skirts of root crops almost all the way up to unloading onto the conveyor 25 way.

The brushes do not have a large mass and do not cause mechanical damage when contacting the head of the root crop, but do not mechanically damage it, but they clean it from high-quality residues. The latter freely fall to the surface of the floor.

Root crops released from the tops of the unloading belt conveyor 25 are reloaded into the transport means.

Claims (6)

Invention Formula . A botanical unit is a root-harvesting device containing an orientation 0 five 0 five rutating root crops mechanism, BijipaBiiUBa tel root; ode and tops. 1its: 1b, made in the form of a shaft, Hecyniero located in a vertical yy; hecyniero. The device is equipped with unloading m. mechanisms for roots and tops, characterized in that, to reduce damage to root crops, the equalizer is made slanted to the horizontal and placed parallel to each other | over another vop1.ezhdyh disk and conveyor-roller table, imeyu.1 its form k.altsev sector, and the topper is made in the form installed on its shaft and above its blades of the drum with working elastic e. - tami in the form of cables located along a drum forming parallel to the shaft, the blades of the topper are made in the form of elastic scourges, and the ring sector of the conveyor-roller conveyor is filled with the drum of the topper boiling of l. 2. The device 10 p. 1, € is deprived by the fact that the angle of inclination of the disk and the conveyor-roller table has a value less than the angle of repose of the root crops. 3. The device according to paragraphs. 1 and 2, characterized by that the conveyor-roller conveyor is made up of tapered rollers, whose BepHJHHbi are directed to the axis of rotation of the booster. 4. The device of claim 1, is distinguished by the fact that the axis of the spool separator is shifted relative to the axis of the rotating disk in direction to the middle part of the conveyor-roller table. 5. Device according to np. 1 and 3, characterized in that the drum of the topper is equipped with flowers, fastened on the middle part of its cable operating elements. 6. A device according to claim 1, characterized in that the plane of the rotating disk of the root-harvester groping device facing the conveyor-roller table is provided with a corrugated elastic surface. FIG. g 17 20L sri.Z 21