SU1346111A1 - Method of producing tea concentrate - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the tea industry and can be used to obtain concentrates from coarse and substandard tea raw materials. The aim of the invention is to improve the quality of the concentrate when you -. processing it from rough and substandard tea raw materials. To do this, in the production of the concentrate, an unconditioned tea leaf is placed in the cylinder, gaseous carbon dioxide is supplied to create a pressure of 3.0 MPa and the raw material is held for 10 minutes. After an instantaneous exhaust pressure in the cylinder drops sharply, which leads to swelling of the cells or rupture of the membrane of the leaf's cellular structure. The blown up tea mass is subjected to a single pressing on a screw-type pressing machine. The pressed mass is subjected to a single extraction with hot water for 10 minutes at a temperature of 75-80 ° C. Tea juice and the extract are combined and filtered. Prior to concentration, 0.1% sodium metabisulphite by weight of the extract is added to a dry matter content of 32-33%, dried, and a dry concentrate is obtained. 1 tab. i (L with 4 O5

Description

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The invention relates to tea industry and can be used to obtain a concentrate from coarse and substandard tea raw materials.

. The purpose of the invention is to improve the quality of the concentrate when making it from coarse and substandard tea raw materials.

Gaseous high-pressure carbon dioxide eliminates the formation of air plugs in the intercellular spaces of the leaf. At the same time, COj under high pressure acts on the polymers of the leaf, weakening or breaking their bond with water, as a result of which the tissue of the tea leaf is hydrated. This ensures uniform extraction, increases the yield of extractives.

The pressing process provides an increase in juice output. The subsequent combination of the juice and the extract allows the concentration of the p chemical compounds contained in the cell sap with the water-soluble compounds obtained as a result of extraction, which increases the solids content, which has a significant effect on the yield of the final product.

It has been found that many substances in vacuoles are even in much larger quantities than in the protoplasm and other cell subunits (nucleus, DNA, mitochondria, Golgi apparatus, etc.).

Both the cells themselves and vacuoles have several bordering surfaces (membranes). Among them, the tonoplast is one of the most interesting membranes, characteristic only of a plant cell, limiting its vacuoles in the compartment. The tonoplas has corresponding transport systems that are integrated in its structure. Many proteins are concentrated in the tonoplast: about 20 iolipeptides, 7 of them are glycoproteins that form the receptor properties of membranes. Most proteins are firmly bound to the membrane and deeply immersed in it, penetrating it. It is these proteins that participate in the formation of the transport systems of the tonoplast. By limiting vacuol rsh cell compartment, tonoplast thereby

about

50

5 o

five

0

0

55

12

provides its osmotic potential.

This is extremely difficult to transport the contents of vacuoles and the cells themselves and their transition into solution when extracting tea leaf with hot water. The maximum effect is also not achieved when using homogenization of tea leaves, followed by their pressing (squeezing the juice).

Water can penetrate through the membranes, including through the tonoplast, into the vacuoles and into the cells themselves, a solution of almost all of the listed substances, however, no reverse current of the solution is observed, since the sizes of the substances dissolved in water are much larger than the intermolecular dimensions of the membranes, including tonoplast. This makes it difficult to isolate the content of vacuoles by the chemical substances of the cell sap. Therefore, there is a need to destroy the cell membranes and the tonoplast of the vacuoles of tea leaves in at least one place and wash out their contents from the inside.

For this purpose, gaseous carbon dioxide of high (3.0 MPa) pressure is used, which, in the process of its discharge to atmospheric pressure, breaks the shells in one or several places.

When the pressure increases, the solubility of gases increases, which contributes to the dissolution of CO in the cytoplasm and especially in the vacuolar juice. With a sharp decrease in pressure, the solubility of gases (CO, etc.) decreases and the bubbles formed during this break down the tonoplast and the outer cell membrane. All this violates the integrity of the cell. This is especially important when dealing with hardened and coarse raw materials, the cell walls of which are characterized by particular strength.

Microscopy of the high-pressure tissue-cell structure treated with carbon dioxide showed that there are practically no unaffected cells. In 96-98% of cells, the integrity of the membranes and the tonoplast is impaired. This leads not only to a quantitative increase in juice yield, but also to an increase in its concentration. The latter is achieved by an important property of carbon dioxide, which is a destructor, i.e. an agent that promotes simultaneous distillation and extraction.

The table shows the dependence of the output of cell sap on pressure and time.

As can be seen from the table, at a pressure below 2.0 MPa, the desired effect is not observed, therefore, data are given at a pressure of 1.0 Sha, 2.0 - 3.5 MPa. The most optimal pressure is 3.0 MPa (the maximum release of cell sap is noted). Increasing the pressure above 3.0 MPa does not lead to an increase in the yield of cell sap, therefore, the use of pressure above 3.0 MPa is impractical.

The time interval is specified, starting at 5 minutes, since with a shorter exposure (1-5 minutes) the desired effect is not achieved. According to the data in the table, the most optimal treatment time with gaseous carbon dioxide with a pressure of 3.0 MPa is 10 minutes (a maximum release of cell sap is observed). An increase in the processing time of more than 10 minutes does not contribute to further juicing. one

Output dependency

juice from pressure.,.,.

360 420 427 452 470 484 500 516 525 528 532

1 5 6 7 8 9

10 11 12 13 14

400 440 455 472 496 520 534 534 534 533 534

Table continuation

ten

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An example. 1000 g of rough non-standard tea-raw material is placed in the cylinder of the laboratory installation and hermetically sealed. Carbon dioxide gas is supplied to the cylinder to create a pressure of 3.0 MPa and the feedstock is held for 10 minutes. After an instantaneous exhaust pressure in the cylinder drops sharply, which leads to cell swelling or rupture of the leaf cell structure. The tea mass is blown up and subjected to a single pressing on a screw-type pressing machine. The pressed mass is subjected to a single extraction with hot water for 10 minutes at 75-80 0. Tea juice and the extract are combined and filtered. Prior to concentration, 0.1% sodium metabisulphite by weight of the extract is added to a dry matter content of 32-33%, dried on a spray dryer and a dry concentrate is obtained.

The use of the proposed method in comparison with the known one provides an improvement in the quality indicators of the product, an increase in the yield of the final product, a significant simplification and reduction of the production cycle, as well as high economic efficiency.

Claims (1)

Invention Formula Method for the production of tea concentrate, involving the extraction of tea leaves, filtering ex51346111 6 tract, its concentration and the addition of a leaf is subjected to aging in galenye preservative, distinguish-carbonized carbon dioxide under pressure y and with the fact that, with the aim of higher-3.0 MPa for 10 minutes with the subsequent quality of the concentrate during the development of pressing and separation of juice, Before its filtration, rough and substandard raw materials are produced by washing the raw material; before extraction, the juice and extract are extracted.