SU1339394A1 - Theodolite - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to geodetic instrumentation and can be used for highly accurate measurements of horizontal and vertical angles. The device contains a telescope including a lens 1, mirrors 2-5 and an eyepiece 6, a horizontal limb 7, a reading system for measuring vertical angles, an optical micrometer and a reading microscope. A wide-angle symmetric lens with a broken optical axis with an angular field within 60-90 is included in the reading system; it is made in the form of negative menisci 34, lens system 36, 39-42 and lens 45. The widening of the elements of the wide-angle lens provides corrections for aberrations in the sagittal plane, and spherical aberration in oblique beams. 2 Il. (L If2 WITH co with co: about iti Put.j

Description

one

The invention relates to the field of geodetic instrumentation and can be used for high-precision measurements of horizontal and vertical angles.

The purpose of the invention is to increase the accuracy of measurement of vertical angles.

Figure 1 shows a schematic diagram of a theodolite; figure 2 - view And figure 1.

The theodolite contains a telescope including a lens 1, mirrors 2-5 and an eyepiece 6, a horizontal limb 7, a reading system for measuring horizontal angles containing prisms 8-14, lenses 15-17, a prism 18, an optical micrometer including a wedge 19- 22, a separation unit 23 and a second scale 24, a reading microscope containing prisms 25 and 26, a collective 27, a mirror 28, prisms 29 and 30, objectives 31 and 32 and an ocular 33, and a reading system for measuring vertical angles containing a wide-angle lens comprising symmetrically arranged two negative x meniscus 34, 35, the two planoconvex lenses 36 and 37 and the rectangular prism 38 therebetween, a prism 39-44, and a lens 45. Optical components 18 to 33 are common to both systems otschet- GOVERNMENTAL.

ten

15

The prism 18 is installed in such a way that it can occupy two different positions depending on which angle, horizontal or vertical, is necessary

13393942

rectangular prism 38, which houses the diaphragm.

Prisms 39-41, which serve to connect the image of the strokes of the limb on two opposite sides, are rigidly connected with each other and with the telescope and are installed with the possibility of rotation around the horizontal axis simultaneously with the rotation of the telescope when viewing it on the object in a vertical plane. Each of the reflective faces of the prism 39 and 40 with one reflection, located behind the lens symmetrically about the horizontal axis, makes an angle of no more than 7.5 with this axis, and with an angular field of the lens equal to 60, the reflecting faces of these prisms are parallel to the axis. The prism 41 has two reflecting faces, which form an angle of 60 between them and are located symmetrically about the same horizontal axis. For prism 25, in a parallel course of rays, a Schmidt prism is placed with a vertex angle of 53 °,

The device works as follows.

When sighting a telescope at an object in a horizontal plane, at the same time with it, the entire optical system of the theodolite is rotated about the vertical axis relative to a fixed horizontal limb. The removal of readings corresponding to the direction to this object in the horizontal plane occurs over the limb using a readout system for

20

thirty

35

measure. A wide-angle lens measures horizontal angles only with the edge of the field of view with a narrow beam of rays within an angular field of 4. The angular field of the wide-angle lens is determined depending on the diameter chosen for the 45 limb. In addition, since the limb strokes are located in relation to the lens in the sagittal plane, the lens requires a higher level to correct aberrations that occur in the sagittal plane, and especially spherical aberration in oblique beams. This correction of aberrations is ensured by the fact that the wide-angle lens is made in the form of two negative meniscuses 34 and 35 and two flat-pointed lenses 36 and 37 symmetrically located relative to the reflecting face.

corresponding to the position of the switching prism 18. The magnitude of the angle between the directions to two objects in the horizontal plane is determined as the difference of the samples taken along the bu line. Figure 1 shows two positions of the theodolite optical system when measuring the horizontal angle between two objects.

When sighting the telescope at an object in a vertical plane, the system of prisms 39-42 rotates around the horizontal axis simultaneously with it. The switching prism 18 is positioned to measure vertical angles. Then, the removal of o. i geta. FIG. The two positions of the lens of the optic tube and the moving part of the lens are shown.

measuring horizontal angles with

corresponding to the position of the switching prism 18. The magnitude of the angle between the directions to two objects in the horizontal plane is defined as the difference of the samples taken along the bu line. Figure 1 shows two positions of the theodolite optical system when measuring the horizontal angle between two objects.

When sighting a telescope at an object in a vertical plane, a system of prisms 39-42 rotates around the horizontal axis at the same time as the horizontal axis. The switching prism 18 is positioned to measure vertical angles. Then, the removal of o. i geta. Figure 2 shows two positions of the objective lens of the telescope and the moving part of the reading system for measuring vertical angles when aiming at two objects in a vertical plane.

When measuring vertical angles, it should be noted that the moving part of the reading system for measuring vertical angles, besides turning around the horizontal axis necessary for measuring vertical angles, when viewing the telescope on an object in the horizontal plane, rotates around the vertical axis along with the entire optical system of theodolite , which leads to a change in the readings of the reading system for measuring vertical angles by an amount corresponding to a reading on a given object in the horizontal area skosti. Therefore, to obtain a reference that corresponds to the direction to this object in a vertical plane, from the reference obtained by using the reference system for measuring vertical angles, one must subtract the reference corresponding to the direction to this object in the horizontal plane.

To determine the angle of inclination or zenith distance, a correction for the offset of the reference index should be introduced in the result obtained (zero location or zenith location). This correction is determined by the results of two hovers on the same well-visible distant object, with the second pointing being performed after the telescope is rotated 180 around the vertical axis and transferred through the zenith.

within 60-90, two prisms, each with one reflecting edge, a prism with two reflecting faces, a prism with

triple reflection, rectangular

prism with two reflective edges,

rectangular prism with one reflective edge and lens; wide-angle lens is made in the form of a symmetrical

10 located relative to the breakpoint of its optical axis two negative menisci, two flat-convex lenses and a rectangular prism between them, the optical breakpoint

The 15th axis of the Lens is located in the center of the reflecting face of a rectangular prism and is aligned with the intersection point of the theodolite vertical and horizontal axes, the lens is mounted above the horizontal limb coaxially with it, and its focal plane is aligned with the limb division plane, two prisms, each with one reflecting face installed symmetrically with respect to

25 of the horizontal axis of rotation of the theodolite in the edge portion of the field of view of the wide-angle lens in the zone of the image of the limb strokes within the angular field equal to A, and

30, the angle between the reflecting faces and the axis is in the range of 15-7.5, the prisms with two reflecting faces are located symmetrically relative to the horizon.

axial axis, and the angle between these faces is 60, and the exit face

Claims (1)

Invention Formula Theodolite containing visual this prism is perpendicular to the horizontal axis, the input and output faces of the prism with triple reflection form an angle of 40 26.5 with the vertical axis, with two prisms, each with one reflecting face, and the prism with; two reflecting faces rigidly connected to each other and with a telescope and installed with the possibility of a pipe, horizontal limb, 5 gate reading around the horizontal axis, a system for measuring horizontal relative to a wide-angle lens, angles mounted on the alidade part, a reading system for measuring Vertical angles, an optical micrometer and a reading microscope, T - gQ, characterized in that, in order to improve the accuracy of measurement of vertical angles, a wide-angle symmetrical lens is inserted into it consistently with four flat mana optical axis and an angular field behind the lens. mirrors. rigidly connected to the alidad part, the prism with a triple reflection is installed with the possibility of rotation of the axis. Together with the telescope with a ratio of 1: 2, while the viewing tube is made with a broken optical axis, and the break points are located on the sequential 339394l within 60-90, two prisms, each, with one reflecting edge, a prism with two reflecting faces, a prism with triple reflection, rectangular prism with two reflective edges, rectangular prism with one reflective edge and lens; wide-angle lens is made in the form of a symmetrical 10 located relative to the breakpoint of its optical axis two negative menisci, two flat-convex lenses and a rectangular prism between them, the optical breakpoint The 15th axis of the Lens is located in the center of the reflecting face of a rectangular prism and is aligned with the intersection point of the theodolite vertical and horizontal axes, the lens is mounted above the horizontal limb coaxially with it, and its focal plane is aligned with the limb division plane, two prisms, each with one reflecting face installed symmetrically with respect to 25 of the horizontal axis of rotation of the theodolite in the edge portion of the field of view of the wide-angle lens in the zone of the image of the limb strokes within the angular field equal to A, and 30, the angle between the reflecting faces and the axis is in the range of 15-7.5, the prisms with two reflecting faces are located symmetrically relative to the horizon. axial axis, and the angle between these faces is 60, and the exit face this prism is perpendicular to the horizontal axis, the input and output faces of the prism with triple reflection are 26.5 with the vertical axis, with two prisms, each with one reflecting face, and the prism with; two reflecting faces rigidly connected to each other and with telescope and installed with the possibility of rotation around the horizontal axis relative to the wide-angle lens, fallen behind the lens four flat mirrors. rigidly connected to the alidad part, the prism with a triple reflection is installed with the possibility of rotation of the axis. Together with the telescope with a ratio of 1: 2, while the viewing tube is made with a broken optical axis, and the break points are arranged in series 3 fff J8 JO View 28 27 32 Editor N.Egorova Compiled by T.Drevnovska Tehred I.Popovich Proofreader C, Cherni Order 4210/31 Circulation 676 Subscription VNIIPI USSR State Committee for inventions and discoveries 113035, Moscow, Zh-35, Raushsk nab., 4/5 Production and printing company, Uzhgorod, st. Project, 4 ig.2