SU1333716A1 - Electrolyzer for ion separation - Google Patents

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of electrochemistry, in particular to electrolytic cells for the separation of ions. The goal is to ensure the continuity of the process and accelerate the separation. This goal is achieved by an electrolytic cell containing a rectangular bath, located at the opposite ends of the electric bath in ion exchange covers, two chambers made with the possibility of rotation of the vertical axis and separated by electrodes of the walls of the chambers; facing the electrodes are made of ion-exchange membranes permeable to the ions to be separated. Each chamber is equipped with two electrodes located at the ion-exchange membranes, 1 sludge. from 00 m O5

Description

one

The invention relates to electroscopic, in particular, electrolytic cells for the separation of ions, and can be used to separate a mixture of cations or anions into pure fractions for the purpose of regeneration and valuable ions from industrial wastes or natural mixtures of ionic chemical compounds, for separation and enrichment isotopes that are in ionic form in solutions for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of mixtures of ions in instrumentation, radio1333716

15 with the mixture of the same electric NarD that should be separated;

g example of cations, B and mHT Then the starting chamber, which is divided through the perforated holes in the electric field and out into the bath, is introduced. Section its fr

10 ions A, B in the electric field of this current are linearly moving while the auxiliary genera are off 18,19 and -20 in the direction of the main cathode 3, enclosed in

electronics and chemical industry-15 ion-exchange case 4 of anion-exchange

membranes ML-100

Yew

The purpose of the invention is to ensure continuity of the process and speed up the separation. .

The drawing shows the cell. The electrolyzer includes a rectangular bath 1, main working graphite anode 2 and cathode 3 placed in ion-exchange covers 4, electrode chambers 5 and 6, circular expansions at both ends of bath 7 and 8, inside which are chambers 9 and 10, two opposite walls which are made of ion permeable with respect to the separable ions of the ionite membranes 11 and 12, and the rest of them are made of a dielectric material, such as vinyl plastic, plexiglass and ToPo, and the gap between chambers 9 and 10 and Circular extensions 7 and 8 should be minimal 0.2-1 m , Rubber clamps 13 and 14, these overlapping tight clearances, starting sliding chamber 15, chamber 16 and receivers 17 of target ions with the auxiliary electrodes in the ion-exchange covers 18-20 and DC sources that feed the main and auxiliary electrodes.

Kamyo.ry 9 and 10 contain cathodes 21 and anodes 22, enclosed in ion-exchange covers, which do not allow separable ions to pass through to them, sensors 23, and stepper motors, which lead to rotation of chamber 9 and 10,

The cell operates as follows.

In the bath 1 of the electrolyzer, including in the electrode chambers 6 and 5, and in

On the way to cathode 3, cations A pass through sensor Ion-permeable to the thionic membrane MK-100 into chamber 20 Sensor 1 located 23 in front of the camera (electrochemical, radiation, and so on) signals the V tail of the separated ion front, after which the main

25 electrodes 2 and 3 turn off

including 21 and

the auxiliary electrodes of the chamber 10 and the inclusion of a ball: a new rotor rotate the chamber 10 180. In this case, the cations continue

30 move toward the auxiliary chamber 21 of the chamber 10 and turn 180 ° with the electrolyte and the chamber. After the completion of | 180 camera 180 turn off

Dyons 21 and 22 and reversal the main electrodes 2 and 3, including | ix, the anode becomes the cathode, to which the front section is divided into 1 cathodes from chamber 10 Povtrr)

4Qs of changing the direction of b, the movement of ions by 180 ° with simultaneous polarization of the main electrodes, are due to the differences in the substrates of the ions of different levels of mass

dc radius, the value of the electric series, hydration, etc. pure separation of the initial mixture of ions; pure fractions of cations D, B, etc.

Separated fractions of cations B after turning off the main elec- trons 2 and 3 with the electrodes 21 and 22 turned off earlier and the switching electrodes 18.19 and 2 turned off

50

ion-exchange covers, and the receiver chambers are transferred to the side receiving chambers 16 and 17 with distilled water.

Include the main electrodes 2 and. 3 and a retractable starting chamber is introduced.

The target ions 16 and 17, from where they are in the form of aqueous solutions through the bottom openings with crystals, are in the form of aqueous solutions in receptacles in the form of separate

15 with a mixture of the same electrical source, for example cations, B and mHC, placed in it. Then a launching chamber is brought out, the game of which separates ions through perforated holes in the electric field into the bath. Section its front

ions A, B in a direct current electric field moves linearly with the auxiliary electrodes 18, 19 and -20 off in the direction of the main cathode 3, enclosed in

On the way to cathode 3, cations A jB through the ion-permeable cationic membrane MK-100 enter chamber 10. A sensor 23 (electrochemical, radiation and so on) located in front of chamber 10 signals the passage of the tail of the front of separated ions into it, after which the main

electrodes 2 and 3 turn off

include 21 and 22

The auxiliary electrodes of the chamber 10 and the turning on of a shaft: a new electric motor rotate the chamber 10 by 180. In this case, the cations continue

move to the auxiliary cathode 21 of the chamber 10 and turn around, too, with the electrolyte and the chamber 10 by 180 °. After completing the turn by 180 of chamber 10, the electrodes 21 and 22 are turned off and the main electrodes 2 and 3 are re-polarized, including | ix, the anode 2 becomes the cathode, to which the front section 11 of the cations from chamber 10 (Povtprr) rushes, 180 ° ion displacement with simultaneous rearrangement of the main electrodes, due to the difference in the mobility of ions of different size, mass,

radius, magnitude of electrically charged, hydration, etc. complete separation of the initial mixture of ions into pure fractions of cations D, B, etc.

Separated fractions of cations A, B after turning off the main electrodes 2 and 3 with previously turned off electrodes 21 and 22 and turning on the back-up. powerful electrodes 18, 19 and 20

transfer to the side receiver cells of the target ions 16 and 17, from where, through the bottom openings with crints, they are dissolved in the tank in the form of aqueous solutions — receivers in the form of separate

3 particles of fractions of cations A, B, etc. Then, a new charge of the mixture of cations A to be separated is introduced into the bath 1 of the electrolyzer, and the separation process is repeated, etc.

Mixtures of anions are similarly separated, only in this case it is necessary to re-polarize the main electrodes 2 and 3 before replacing the cationic membranes MK-100 with anion exchange membranes MA-100 in chambers 9,10 and changing the anion exchangers with cation resin membranes MK- 100.

Under laboratory conditions, an electrolyzer was tested with the following dimensions:

- bath length 75 cm;

- cross-section of the linear section of the electrolyzer 4x4 cm;

- length of the linear section of the electrolyzer 50 cm;

-diameter of round expansions at the ends of the electrolyzer by 8 cm;

-diameter electrode chambers with main graphite electrodes on

4 cm;

-diameter electrodes in ionite covers of 0.5 cm;

–The distance between the main electrodes is 70 cm;

-The distance between the electrodes in the turning chambers is 6 cm;

- the volume of the original solution in the retractable starting chamber 16 cm;

five

0

0

five

five

sixteen

- the volume of camps - receivers of 20 cm,

The voltage on all electrodes is 90-120 V, the current value is 0.2-0.5 A,

O, N was used as working media. aqueous solutions of salts containing potassium and sodium ions, as well as rubidium and cesium.

The time spent on the separation of ions by the proposed electrolyzer is 20 hours, known 50 hours.

Thus, the use of this cell makes it possible to reduce the process time by eliminating the stoppages of the electrolysis unit.

Formula Invention

An ion separation electrolysis cell comprising a rectangular bath, electrodes located at opposite ends of the bath in ion exchangers, characterized in that, in order to ensure the continuity of the process and accelerate the separation, it is equipped with two chambers made with the possibility of rotation around the vertical axis, and The electrodes of the chambers facing the electrodes are made of ion-exchange membranes permeable to the ion to be separated, each chamber being equipped with two electrodes located at the ion-exchange x membrane.

7. 5 72

VNIIPI Order 3927/24 Circulation 612

Random polygons pr-tie, Uzhgorod, st. Project, 4

Subscription

Claims (1)

Claim An electrolytic cell for separating ions, including a rectangular bath, electrodes in ionite covers located at opposite ends of the bath, 25 characterized in that, in order to ensure the continuity of the process and accelerate the separation, it is equipped with two chambers made to rotate around the vertical axis and placed at the electrodes, the chamber walls facing the electrodes are made of ion-exchange membranes permeable to shared ions, with each chamber having 35 two electrodes located at the ion exchange s membranes. VNIIIPI Order 3927/24 ____ Circulation 612 ________ Signed Custom polygr. ave, city of Uzhhorod, st. Project, 4