SU1331590A1 - Automatic machine for separating objects with different size - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to machines for the separation and sorting of different-sized items and allows for greater efficiency by increasing the speed of the machine. The machine contains feed and take-up conveyors and a separator, made in the form of a bed with obliquely fixed on it with t; ozm ostn: 1 time; a disk, on the axis of which -) are located clamps. In the lower part of the frame, the disk is enclosed, in p; it is installed (plunger photocopters of the supply conveyor, position sensors and clamp position sensors. In the upper part of the bed there is a drop (gel), and on the bracket the performer -i mechanism is fixed When objects hit the disc, the sensors are processed in the control device. In the case of pressing the object over the KpainiHM, the object is seized and moved to the area of action of the discharger. ... Of object-to priem1 a, n 1 KOHFsefiep 1 f n h and grinding, seven yl (/: v. With about oo ate with

Description

one

The invention relates to automatic devices for dividing or sorting different-sized items from a chaotic multi-unit flow of items with one-by-one delivery of them one by one and can be used in processing lines for handling piece goods, such as postal parcels.

The purpose of the invention is to increase efficiency by increasing the speed of the machine.

FIG. 1 schematically shows the proposed device with a partial cut-out of the wall of the fence, a general view; FIG. 2 is a view A of FIG. one; in fig. 3 - diagrams of input and output signals of sensors; in fig. 4 - control unit operation algorithm; in fig. 5 - its structural scheme; in fig. 6 - functional with; heme of the first logical block; in fig. 7 is a block diagram of the second logical block,

A device for separating different-sized items contains feed 1 and receiving 2 conveyors, frame 3, barrier 4, disk 5, clamps 6, adjustment element 7

clamp, k sensors of the presence of objects (in this example, the first 8 and second 9 sensors), the pusher 10 sensors 11, the position of objects, 1 sensors 12 of the presser position, the control unit 13, the bracket 14 and the sensor 15 of the pusher position.

The device works as follows.

At the moment tg of its switching on, the disk 5, together with the clamps 6 (), which are initially pressed, starts to rotate at a constant angular velocity a and drives the pusher 10,

consisting of two L-shaped grips diametrically opposite attached to the axis, which is installed in the bearing of the frame 3 perpendicular to the plane of the disk 5. The speed of rotation of the pusher 10 is equal to Q COn / 2, and when any of the clamps 6 passes through the axis of the pusher 10 The L-shaped grippers are on a tangent disk 5. The feed conveyor 1 with randomly arranged objects 16 is switched on at this moment. The logical states of the item availability sensors are 8 and

1331590

0

Q

s, 25

thirty

35

40 45

50 gg

are equal to O (respectively, the photobarriers are open), therefore the feed conveyor 1 is turned on at time t, (Fig. 3q). It will operate until Time t, until the first batch of items 16 falls onto disk 5 and crosses the first photocell (sensor state 8 D, 1, Fig. 35).

When items 16 come into contact with the inclined disk 5, due to the complex interaction of gravity, centrifugal force, friction force between items 1-1 and 16 and disc 5, as well as friction force between items 16 and fencing 4, they are moved down the rotation ka When crossing the first photocell, the feeding conveyor 1 is turned off (Fig. 2A) and the timer () of the control unit 13 is turned on temporarily. The value of T is chosen so as to prevent the feed conveyor 1 from turning on again when objects 16 have already passed the first photo barrier (time t in Fig. 35), but have not yet reached the second photo barrier (the states of the sensors 8 and 9 of the presence of objects respectively are: D,). At time ty, objects 16 reach the second photocell, the state Dj of sensor 9 becomes equal (Fig. 3 &), and only after that (t ty) at the output D of the timer a logical O signal appears. In the time interval t, tj. J items 16 are in the zone of the second photo barrier (), but have not yet reached the lowest position of the disk 5. Therefore, the logical states of the sensors 11 of the position of the items are: 0, b.,., And their logical sum

0 JI-Qj 0 (FIG. D). As soon as at the moment of time t the first of the objects 16 crosses the lowest point of the disk 5, then 6 1, and in block 13 of the control the value 9 of its angular position is calculated.

In the sector of the fence 4 with a maximum angular size U of 360 ° / n from the lowest point of the disk 5 in the course of its rotation in parallel over 1 sensors 11 of the position of objects 1 sensors 12 of the clamp position are installed. Since at any moment in the sector there is a value of („„ kc there can not be more than one of

Max

31

n clamps 6, respectively, there cannot be two sensors 12 of the clamp position having a logic level 1, i.e. V 1, and the level of the others is O - C, - 0, with i 1,2, ...,. The control unit 13 analyzes the state of the sensors 11 and 12, b-, tf) (, 2, ... 1) and compares the current angular position F, m 1,2, ..., n, (fig. Ze) of the clamp 6 located in the sensor area 12, with a magnitude of 0

If at some points in time (t, t ,, t, in Fig. 3e) equality occurs (max (this means that the clamp 6 is over the extreme object 16), then the command C y | d is selected on the clamp adjustment element 7 and This clamping device 6 (pressed in Figs. 1 and 2 is blackened) is triggered. Due to the sharp increase in friction between the extreme object 16 and the disk 5 due to the rotation of the latter counterclockwise (Fig. 2), the object starts to move upwards. together with the clamp 6 reaches the zone of action of the pusher 10, then e (the sensor 15 of the position of the pusher located in this zone and mechanically connected with the barrier 4 becomes equal to 1 (Vg + i of Fig. 30), a command is generated to the clamp adjustment element 7 to release the clamp 6 (times t, o, t, 2 in Fig. 3.), and the latter rises to its original position, i.e., to a height greater than the maximum overall size of the objects 16. Simultaneously, the freed object is picked up by 16 G-type gripper of the pusher 10 and the object is moved to the receiving one conveyor 2. Specified sequence The complexity of the operations continues until the zone of the second photocell is released (). The feed conveyor 1 is then turned on, a new batch of items 16 is fed to the rotating disk 5, and the cycle of operation of the device is repeated in accordance with the algorithm presented in fig. 4.

The clamps 6 are structurally made, for example, in the form of unequal arms, at both ends of which plates of magnetic

0

material, and the short shoulder of the spring connection with the L-shaped branch from the axis of the disk (Fig. 1). In the normal position, the long arm of the lever is raised, but as soon as the command C arrives at element 7, the short arm is raised and the long arm is lowered with the clamp 6, i.e. pressing the object 16 to the plane of the disc 5. When the clamp 6 passes through the action zone of the pusher 10, the clamp adjustment element 7 is turned off, and the spring returns the clamp 6 to its original position.

The object position sensors 11 are photodiodes, which are illuminated near the disk axis using a source

light attached to the bracket 15, and the sensors 12 position of the clamp and the sensor 15 position of the pusher - magnetic contacts, which close when approaching

magnetic material hardened at the ends of the clamps 6.

The pusher 10 is made in the form of two L-shaped grippers, diametrically opposed to the fortified axis,

mounted in the bearing frame 3 at an angular distance of 360, / n from the lowest point of the disk 5 along its rotation. To provide the necessary speed of rotation Q sop / 2 of the pusher 10, the transmission from its axis serves

on the axis of the disk 5.

The clamp adjustment element 7 is an electromagnet attached to the frame with a bracket

15 in the angular sector of

360 ° / n. The switching on and off of the element 7 occurs according to the team C, block 13 of the control. The control unit 13 may be implemented in accordance with that shown in FIG. 4 algorithm work different hardware means: on the elements of hard logic, based on programmable logic arrays, based on microprocessors. The latter option is particularly preferable with a large number of sensors 11 and 12 of the position of objects and the position of the clamps. However, for 1 t 10 - 15, the implementation of the control unit 13 on the elements of hard logic or programmable logic matrices according to the block diagram shown in FIG. 5. According to FIG. 5 block 13 upft

 g

The display contains the second 17 and the first

18 registers, the second 19 and first 20 logical blocks, the third register 21, the pulse generator 22 and the trigger 23, with 1 information inputs of the first register 18 connected to the outputs 9 I, 0,. . . , 6p sensors 11 position of objects, two () information inputs of the second register 17, respectively, to the outputs D, D of the first B and second 9 sensors of the presence of objects, and 1 information inputs of the third register - respectively

inputs 1 | -. Vz "of the clamp position sensor 12, the output of Q p., The pusher position sensor 15 is connected to the setup input of the trigger 23, the output of the latter is connected to the control input of the clamp adjustment element 7, the output of the second logic unit

19- to the input of the feeder of the feed conveyor 1, the output of the generator 22 pulses - to the clock inputs of blocks 17, 1B, 19 and 21, the outputs of the first 1B and third 21 registers are connected to the corresponding inputs of the first logic block 20, the output of the latter is connected to the trigger input 23 and the outputs of the second register

17 - with the inputs of the second logical block 19,

The generator 22 of the fopyperet equidistant sequence of clock pulses with a frequency of 1 / T, where the interval T is chosen from the condition: T - 2 | G / n1}, At times t (ml) T,, 2, .. ,, the current b values, 0

. .., 9g, ф,, С ;,, ..., Vg, D,, D2 "reg and 17, 18 and 21. Delayed for one clock cycle codes 0,, б,,. ,, 9 ,, and () | ,, . . , () are compared in the first logical block 20. Mathematically, his work is described by the equation of Boolean algebra: Y E p (p, ve - QEVje e-1 t ei e-g V –d + ... + e cV; Qe- ,. 9e-2H g-2 0, c.,, And the functional diagram is shown in Fig. 6. Obviously, the first logic block 20 can be implemented as multiple input AND gates and one 1-input logic element OR (a circle on input means inversion),

The second logic element 19 contains (Fig. 7) Taf iMep 24 with a delay time G NT (where N is an integer) and the logical element LI 25, and the state

five

0

five

0

five

0

its release is C, i.e. C About only at. The principle of operation of the second logical block is obvious and is illustrated in the diagrams in FIG. 3 g-

The proposed device has the best technical characteristics and compares favorably with that known. It has a higher productivity, since the speed of separation of objects is determined by the speed of rotation of the disk co, the number of clamps n and is equal to V un / 2 ii objects per second. In the known device, this parameter is significantly worse, especially when using two or more separation stages, which is also associated with the start-stop nature of the operation of intermediate conveyors. At the same time, from the proposed device to the receiving conveyor, the items arrive rhythmically through the time interval Tr 2 and / ip and this interval is easily adjusted by varying the rotation speed of the disk. To solve such a technical problem with the aid of a known device, additional equipment is required, which changes the speed of movement of the intermediate conveyor depending on the distance between objects. In addition, using the proposed device can be divided over each other objects, for example in two layers. Chaotically piled objects, falling on a rotating SPC-1CT, inclined disk, are arranged in a single-sided, single-layer flow and are easily separated. The known device does not have this capability.

Claims (2)

1. An automatic machine for separating different-sized items, containing receiving and feeding conveyors, placed perpendicular to one relative to another, a separator, sensors for the presence of an object and a control unit, characterized in that 5Q efficiency by increasing the speed of the machine, the separator has sensors for the position of the object, the position of the pusher and the position of the clamp and is made in gg view of a disk mounted on a frame with a fence obliquely rotatably and equipped with clamps with a pressure adjustment element and a pusher associated with the sensor the positions of the pusher, the position sensors of the object and the sensors of the position of the clamp are installed along the fence between the lower point of the disc and the pusher, and the sensors of the presence of the object are installed along the fence between the conveyor and the lower point of the disk. 2. An automaton according to claim 1, characterized in that the control unit contains registers, logic blocks, a pulse generator and a trigger whose output is connected to a pressure control element, and the first input is connected to the output of the first logic block, the first inputs of which are connected to the outputs of the first register, the first inputs of which are associated with the outputs of the sensors of the position of the clamp, the second input of the first register connected to the output of the pulse generator, with the first input of the second logic unit and with the first inputs of the second and third registers, the second The inputs of which are associated respectively with the outputs of the sensors for the presence of objects and position sensors of the objects, while the outputs of the second register are connected to the second inputs of the second logic unit, the output connected to the enable input of the feed the conveyor, wherein the outputs of the third register are connected to the second inputs of the first logic unit, and the second trigger input is connected to the input of the pusher position sensor. A / 5  7 j Fy Biiofl Ifr  I Y /////////////// //// 7/3  I.-I us Cuo v.   tltgiat tnt, 2tn t g.Z.  JcmaHodHa ref. state  Hr ± BMIs. conveyor Dip yuchenie under. conveyor npuwuMa triggered Calculation La Not GffOHc Definition perception V Ooooamdenie npumufiQ i d; - | | ; 1i1G - |; -1 - I .. Khachaturov  : | - | -; i G-, v-gi V laver A. Ilyin Subscription MiV iichnskos: ii) ejuiy ie, Uzhgorod, st. Project, 4