SU1330585A1 - Meter of magnitude difference of physical quantities - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of measurement technology and can be used in measuring the difference in values or gradient of electrical conductivity, temperature and other physical quantities, when two sensitive elements are used, which are included in the DOS with a sd 00 SP

Description

tav transducers with frequency outputs. The invention allows to simplify the device, eliminating the loss of information. The device contains converters 1 and 2, elements 3, 4, 13 and 16, counters 5 and 6, switching elements 7 and 8, elements 9 and 10 coincidence, triggers 11 and 12, switch 14, reference frequency generator 15, control unit 17 with inputs and outputs 21-34, difference counter 18, trigger 19 characters, digital indicator 20 with opera1.

The invention relates to a measurement technique and is intended for use in measuring the difference in values (or gradient) of physical quantities (electrical conductivity, temperature, etc.) when two sensitive elements are used that are part of primary transducers with frequency outputs.

The purpose of the invention is to simplify and eliminate the loss of information.

FIG. Figures 1 and 2 show the structure Hbie of the device and the control unit, respectively; in fig. 3 - time diagrams of their work.

The device contains two converters 1 and 2, elements And 3 and 4, counters 5 and 6, switching elements 7 and B, elements 9 and 10 coincidence, triggers 11 and 12, element And 13, switch 14, reference frequency generator 15 , element 16, control block 17, difference counter 18, character trigger 19 and digital indicator 20 with random access memory.

In the meter transducer 1, the element And 3 and the counter 5 are connected in series, the transducer 2, the element And 4 and the counter 6 are also connected in series. The outputs of the counter 6 are connected via the switching element 8 to the inputs of the matching element 10, and the outputs of the counter 5 through the switching element 7 to the inputs of the matching element 9. The output of the switch 14, the first input of which

storage device. The proposed meter can be used in the study of physical processes, pulsations and background characteristics when the measuring container is rapidly moving in space, for example, in seawater while obtaining a section along the vertical of electrical conductivity, temperature, etc. The invention also increases the speed of the device and expands its area application. 1 hp f-ly. 1 tab. 3 il.

connected to the output of the converter 1, and the second input - to the output of the GOCH 15 and the first input of the gitement I 16, connected via the element 13 to the C input. trigger 11.-.

Inverse flip-flops 11. And 12 are connected to their D-inputs, and the inverted output of flip-flop 11 is combined with the C-input of flip-flop 12.

The outputs of the difference counter 18, the counting input of which is connected to the output of the element 16, are connected to the inputs of the digital indicator 20 with a random access memory, the sign output of which is connected to the output of the trigger 19 of the sign.

The output 21 of the control unit 17 is connected to the R-inputs of the flip-flops 11 and 12, the inputs 22 and 23 to the outputs of the flip-flops 11 and 12, respectively, the outputs 24 and 25 to the second inputs of the And 3 and 4 elements, respectively, the inputs 26 and 27 - with the outputs of elements 9 and .10 coincidence, the outputs 28 and 29 with the reset inputs of counters 5 and 6, respectively, the outputs 30 and 31 with the reset input of the difference counter 18 and the clocking input of the digital indicator 20 with random access memory, respectively, 32 - with the second input element And 16, and the outputs 33 and 34 with R and 5 inputs of the trigger 19 characters, respectively.

The control unit 17 comprises inverters 35 and 36, elements AND 37-39, triggers 40 and 41, elements AND 42-44 and

ten

scheme 45 inequivalence of the elements AND-NOT 46-49.

With different versions of the device, a special length programmer can be used in it. measurement cycle (not shown). It can perform the function of a clock distributor, for example, between several measurement channels located in one measuring instrument (container), or it can be intended only for a value difference meter with a selected cycle time.

Measuring the difference in the values of physical quantities in the case of, for example, measuring electrical conductivity, which is determined in the process of sounding in the marine environment with the help of two primary analog-to-frequency converters, works as follows.

Two four-electrode transducers of liquid conductivity, the sensitive elements of which are spaced apart and the measuring base of which can be changed by the experimenter depending on the required spatial-temporal resolution and the degree of variability of the monitored parameter, are immersed into the marine environment at a certain speed. the depth. At the output of the electrical conductivity sensors, the amplitudes of the modulated signals are changed, which are then detected by precision detectors and subsequently converted into pulses, often 40 g pulses per clock input D - the followings of which is the trigger 11 at inputs 22 and 23 the electrical conductivity parameter of the marine environment X and X (or, for example, temperature). The frequency of immaneness highlights the difference between both time intervals (Fig. Ze). By the time t, the flip-flops 40 and 41 of the control unit 17 are in zero states and a positive potential appears at the input 22 of the control unit 17 from the output of the trigger 11 after the first pulse arrives at its clock input through element 13 (or its min ) and switch 14 from converter 1 or from GOCH 15, at the input 23 there is a zero potential from trigger code 12, and a positive impulse (Fig. 3, a, time t) appears at the output of element I 37 (output t) 31 control unit 17 to the clock input of the digital indicator 20 with a portable storage device, as a result of which the states of the counter 18, the frequency and the trigger 19 of the character are recorded in it, which are stored and displayed for indication (or

25 communication channel) until the next result of measuring the difference in electrical conductivity values is obtained-.

After the next pulse from converter 1 (or GOCH 15) arrives, a zero potential appears at the clock input of the trigger 11 at the input 22 of the control unit 17, and a positive one appears at the input 23, under the influence of which the output pulse 38 through the output 30 to the installation input of the difference counter 18, it wrapped its discharge (fig. 3, f, moment t,). With the arrival, the potential of the logical unit is sequenced, with the result that a positive impulse is formed at the output of the element And 39.

thirty

35

pulses With transducers 1 and 2 for 45 sets the triggers 40 and 41 in

the cut elements And 3 and 4 (or, apparently, mine them) continuously enters the counting inputs of counters 5 and 6, respectively. With the help of switching elements 7 and 8, the position of which determines the division factors K. and K of counters 5 and 6 and elements 9 and 10 of coincidence, in block 17 of control, time intervals tj, - t are formed,

50

(Fig. Zg, trigger output 40) and L .. (Fig. Rear, trigger output 41),

St.-t

the duration of which depends on the electrical conductivity of the marine environment X, and X, respectively. Scheme 45 is unequal

single states (fig. 3, g, d, moment t). By setting the flip-flops 40 and 41 to single states, the zero potential is removed from the codes 28 and 29 of the control unit 17 connected to the inputs for setting the counters 5 and 6 to zero, and simultaneously from the outputs 24 and 25, the positive potentials flow to the second inputs gg of the And 3 elements and 4, as a result of which, from this point in time, the counting of pulses from the outputs of the transducers 1 and 2 into counters 5 and 6 is simultaneously resolved.

0

0 g of the pulse to the clock input of the D-trigger 11 to the inputs 22 and 23 arrives

The difference between the two time intervals (Fig. 3) highlights the difference. By the time t, the flip-flops 40 and 41 of the control unit 17 are in zero states and a positive potential appears at the input 22 of the control unit 17 from the output of the trigger 11 after the first pulse arrives at its clock input through element 13 (or its min ) and switch 14 from converter 1 or from GOCH 15, at the input 23 there is a zero potential from the trigger code 12, and a positive impulse occurs at the output of element I 37 (Fig. 3, a, time t), coming through the output 31 of the block 17 controls for the clock input of the digital indicator 20 with a0 tive storage device, whereby it is recorded in the state of the counter 18, and latch 19 paznocti sign that is stored on and vschayuts display (or

5 communication channel) until the next result of measurement of the difference in the values of electrical conductivity is obtained-.

After the next pulse from converter 1 (or GOCH 15) arrives, a zero potential appears at the clock input of the trigger 11 at the input 22 of the control unit 17, and a positive one appears at the input 23, under the influence of which the output pulse 38 through the output 30 to the installation input of the difference counter 18, it wrapped its discharge (fig. 3, f, moment t,). With the arrival of another 0

five

g pulse to the clock input of the D-trigger 11 to the inputs 22 and 23 arrives

em potential of a logical unit, resulting in the output element And 39 a positive pulse is formed.

45 setting triggers 40 and 41 in

50

single states (fig. 3, g, d, moment t). By setting the flip-flops 40 and 41 to single states, the zero potential is removed from the codes 28 and 29 of the control unit 17 connected to the inputs for setting the counters 5 and 6 to zero, and simultaneously from the outputs 24 and 25, the positive potentials flow to the second inputs gg of the And 3 elements and 4, as a result of which, from this point in time, the counting of pulses from the outputs of the transducers 1 and 2 into counters 5 and 6 is simultaneously resolved.

their inputs to the inverse inputs of the flip-flops 40 and 41, the operation of the flip-flops 11 and 12 and the operation of the elements AND 37-39 with a single state of at least one of the two triggers 40 and 41 is prohibited.

Continuous counting of pulses from the outputs of converters 1 and 2 by counters 5 and 6 continues until the occurrence of

a positive impulse at the output of the e-sh to fit with the stock information

cops And 9 and 10 respectively. With the appearance of a positive pulse, for example, at the output of the coincidence element 10 connected to the input 27, the trigger 41 is set to zero (Fig. 3, d, time t). As a result, the output of the zero signal from the direct output through inputs 25 and 29 to the control input of the element

Both 4 and the input to the zero setting of the counting-20 flip-flop 40 through the outputs 24 and 28 of the pickup 6 stops the counting of the pulses from the output of the converter 2, the counter 6 is zeroed, and the output 32 of the inequality 45 sets a positive potential (Fig. 3, e, the moment t) arriving at the second control input of the element I 16, permitting the arrival of pulses from the output of the choke 15 through the first input of the element

And 16 to the counting input of the counter 18, the 30 counts of the triggers 11 and 12 and the prohibition of spreading (Fig. 3; g, time t). At the same time, in accordance with the cycle of distinguishing the time interval of the counting and the sign and the state of the levels at the outputs of the elements (see table, position 3, line 3) of the control block 17, the output potential of the AND 43 element appears to be a positive potential that goes to S- trigger input 19 characters, setting it to one state, 40, which corresponds to the minus sign (-). Otherwise (position 5) a positive potential appears at the output of element AND 44, which comes from elements 37-39. The measurement cycle is complete. New measurement cycle

 in automatic dynamic mode can start immediately upon completion

35 of the previous cycle (Fig. 3, a, s, moment t or moment t corresponding to the maximum cycle duration, which is calculated with a certain margin by the maximum and minimum values of monitored physical quantities).

The cycle duration in this dynamic mode determines the coefficient on the R input of the trigger 19 characters, the values of K, and K, and the values casting it into the zero state, which corresponds to the plus sign (+). And at the output 32 of the circuit 45 of inequality in either case (positions 3 and 5) a positive potential is established, which provides the conditions for the passage of the counting pulses from the hopper 15 through the AND 16 element to the difference meter 18 (Fig. Z., e, g, moment). ).

With the appearance of a positive pulse at the output of the coincidence element 9 connected to the input 26, the trigger 40 is set to zero.

measured parameters converted to pulse frequency. A dynamic measurement cycle is possible under the condition that the element And 13 is absent

50 or if the second input of the And 13 element is shorted with its first input and connected to the switch 14. Then the first pulse arriving through the And 13 element from the converter 1

55 or from the GOCH 15 to the clock input of the trag 11, sets the positive potential at the input 22 of the control unit 17, at the input 23 it is a zero level, and

(FIG. 3, d, moment t), as a result of which, at the output 32 of the inadequacy circuit 45 (position 4 of the table), there appears a zero potential arriving at the second control input of the AND 16 element and prohibiting the passage of the pulses from the hoop 15 through the element And 16 to the counter 18 difference (fig.Z, g, e, g). The capacitance of the 18-difference counter of the maximum maximum value of the difference (fig. 3, g, time t, -t) corresponds to the maximum value on one converter and the minimum value on the other. The time interval tj-tj is the filling time of the counter (5 or 6) at the maximum pulse frequency from transducers 1 or 2. Zero potential from the output

Accepts the control input of the AND 3 element and the input to the zero setting of the counter 5, stopping the counting of pulses from the output of the converter 1, the counter 5 25 is zeroed. At the same time, positive potentials are received from the inverted outputs of the flip-flops 40 and 41 to the inputs of the And 42 element, the positive potential at the output of which removes the prohibition

triggers accounts 11 and 12 and the prohibition of

bots of elements And 37-39. The measurement cycle is complete. New measurement cycle

in automatic dynamic mode can start immediately upon completion

the previous cycle (Fig. 3, a, h, time t or time t, corresponding to the maximum cycle duration, which is calculated with some margin by the maximum and minimum values of the monitored physical quantities).

The cycle duration in this dynamic mode is determined by the coefficients K, and K, as well as the values

measured parameters converted to a pulse frequency. Dynamic measurement cycle is possible, provided that the element And 13 is absent

50 or if the second input of the And 13 element is shorted with its first input and connected to the switch 14. Then the first pulse arriving through the And 13 element from the converter 1

55 or from GOCH 15 to the clock input of the trigger 11, sets a positive potential at the input 22 of the control block 17, a zero level at the input 23, and

a positive impulse occurs (Fig. 3, a, h shown by a dotted line, moments t or t), coming through, output 31 to the clock input of the digital indicator 20 with a random access memory, as a result of which the states of the difference counter 18 and trigger 19 are written to it marks that are memorized and appear on the display. After the next pulse arrives at the clock input of the trigger 11, the potential 22 appears at the input 22, and positive at input 23, under the influence of which at the output of the And 38 element a positive impulse arrives through the output 30 at the installation input of the difference counter 18 and zeroed. its bits (Fig. 3.6, g.

moment t).

With the arrival of the third pulse on the clock input of the trigger 11, the potential of the logical unit enters the inputs 22 and 23, as a result of which the output of the element And 39 appears a positive pulse that sets the triggers 40 and 41 to one states (Fig.3, d, d time t) and the cycle repeats.:

In the case when the duration of the measurement cycle is determined by a special programmer (Fig. 3, and the time t -tg), which can be built into the device that measures several parameters, the programmer will arrange the sequence of channel interaction or turn them on in parallel , setting the duration of the cycle of measurement and information output. In this case, the second input element And 13 is connected to the output of the programmer, which forms a positive pulse with a duration not less than the longest duration of the three input pulses (Fig. Zi, moments t -tj and tg-t,) and on the first input of the element And 13 pulses are received to the clock input of the trigger 11 from the converter 1 or from the RCM 15.

The duration of the measurement cycle when working from the programmer is unchanged, i.e. remains constant. Consider the operation of the meter with the arrival of the second pulse from the programmer after the completion of the first measurement cycle (Fig. Zi, time tj) to the second input of an AND 13 element, removing the ban on the passage of pulses from the transducer 10

g,

330585

tel

eight

 ,

20

1 or GOCh 15 to the clock input of the trigger 11. After the first pulse arrives at the trigger 11 and according to the states of the inverters 35 and 36 and And 37-39 elements (Fig. 3, a, time t), the second one (Fig. 3.6 , time t, o) and the third one (Fig. 3, c, time t) repeats the sequence of described commands and the measurement cycle.

In the case of the occurrence of clock pulses in a dynamic mode, i.e. in the mode not dependent on the work of the special programmer, but only on the dynamics of changes in the measured parameters, and when applying clock pulses from the HOCH 15 (having a higher frequency compared to the frequency of the pulse of the converter) to the trigger input 11 through switch 14 (left position) and element 13 (or its mine, it may be absent), the start of counting by counters 5 and 6, determined by a positive level from the direct outputs of the RS flip-flops of the control unit 17 at the second inputs of elements 3 and 4 ( which can not enter), n It starts simultaneously, independently, and with relatively low-frequency converters that have received the greatest use - faster than in the known device, which ensures a relative speed of the cycle.

measurements.

I

So according

With measurement cycles and analysis of the state levels of the elements of the control block 17 (see table) and the device simplification produced, the difference difference counter 18 starts counting with the weight cleared to zero without overflowing the counter during measurement and excluding the transfer function, and the difference sign clearly defines The elements of the control block 17 and the trigger 19 of the characters, thus eliminating the need to convert the result of counting the difference into a reverse code, and when using low-frequency converters and two x flops 11 and 12 from Gotch 15 increases the speed of the device. The device provides for the use of any Primary Transducers with frequency output, which provides versatility and allows you to expand the scope of its application.

thirty

35

40

45

50

The pulse frequency f at the output of converters 1 and 2, for example, depending on the electrical conductivity of seawater dB; described by the relation

f, + S, (). . (1) - i-ro frequency of the primary conductivity converter with the electric wire 196

where f.

about

HANDS Ee

Si o

the slope of the frequency response due to the change in the electrical conductivity of the i-ro primary converter; / JUQ - calibration electrical conductivity;

, 2 is the primary transducer number. Denote the duration of the belt interval through and the duration of the time interval through, „,. you can write:

t: 5l.

 f iiae

Chee de K

T Cg g ey f

(2)

g-

and K are the division factors of counters 5 and 6, respectively. The value of the coefficient K; is determined by the formula

K 1, f io

 S-u-ae., F

(3)

   -on

where ivaeMMH is allowing for security

conductivity difference meter; f - frequency GOCH 15.

The values of K, and K are realized at. switching aid elements 7 and 8.

The difference in the durations of T. and

1 fff

196

the allocation of inequalities in scheme 45 is:

ee „)

Ki

f.

one

gzh -on

f-2x.

LH,

Si

(four)

After decomposition in a power series and neglecting quadratic and more high terms, the validity of which is confirmed by the inequality

ijge i mstx o equation (4) transforms to the form:

X T1C-e - z + -1 - -

U with., G. With

Gl ,, LHi „nPI 02

 orv

(five)

The contents of the counter 18 difference .f, (6)

The maximum capacity of the difference counter 18 is selected on the basis of the ratio:

max .4. (-})

IN j, and - Goal V /

Slyn

where,) is the maximum value of the measured difference in electrical conductivity. The duration of the measurement cycle of the difference in the values of electrical conductivity of the proposed device can be estimated by the expression

T. + T –zh. -ee

one

maize

T-3+

... 1g

fr (8)

th

When connecting the flip-flops 11 and 12 in the dynamic mode to the GOCH 15, the device’s response speed when using low-frequency transducers will increase by

(- - 7--). ot

(9)

. Thus, the measuring instrument of a difference of values of physical quantities can

to be used in the study of physical processes, pulsations and background characteristics, with rapid movement of the measuring container in space, for example, when the measuring container is immersed in the marine environment to obtain a vertical section of the differences in electrical conductivity, temperature, light transmission, sound . P., as well as in meteorology and in the study of other physical processes, where. it is necessary to determine the differences of the parameter values, for example, the spatial distribution or the change in the physical process. The device is applicable in laboratory practice for determining the rate of change of a monitored parameter, for example, heat. conductivity, electrical conductivity

and

When using the invention, loss of the result of readings is eliminated and the speed of measurements increases. In addition, the invention provides a simplification of the meter, independent and simultaneous counting by counters and expansion of the application area.

Claims (2)

1. A physical difference meter that contains two channels, each of which consists of a converter and a series-connected counter, a switching element and a match element, the output of which is connected to the corresponding channel number, the input of the control unit, while the output of the control unit number corresponding to the channel number is connected to the reset input of the channel counter, as well as the first And element, two triggers, the sign trigger, the reference frequency generator connected in series, the second And element and the three s counter that vkody connected to inputs of the first digital indicator to a random access memory, wherein the third control unit output is connected to the second input of the second AND gate, chet30 35 the fifth and fifth outputs correspond to 25 through the second element NOT with the second but with the S-input of the sign trigger, and the clock input of the digital indicator with the random access memory, to the sign input of which the output of the trigger of the sign differs in that In order to simplify and eliminate information loss, a switch is inserted into it, the third and fourth elements are AND, and the third difference counter is made irreversible, and the test output of the control unit is connected to the R-input of the sign trigger, the seventh and eighth outputs are respectively but with the second inputs of the third and fourth elements And, the outputs and first inputs of which are connected respectively to the inputs of the first and second counters and the outputs of the first and second converters, the ninth output is connected to the reset input of the difference counter, the tenth output - with the R inputs of the first and the second flip-flops, to the outputs of which the third and fourth inputs of the control unit are connected, respectively; the output of the first converter through the serially connected switches 45 50 the input of the first element And, the first and seventh outputs of the control unit are combined with the output of the first RS flip-flop and the first inputs of the first and third elements NAND and the fifth element And the second and eighth outputs of the control unit are combined with the output of the second RS-trigger and the second inputs of the first second element AND-NOT and the sixth element AND, the outputs of the second and third elements AND-NOT are connected to the inputs of the fourth element AND-NOT, the output of which is the third output of the control unit, the fourth, fifth, sixth and ninth outputs of the unit water management The outputs of the fifth first, sixth and second elements And, respectively, and the tenth output is combined with the third inputs of the first, second, third elements And and the output of the fourth element And, whose inputs are connected to the inverse outputs of the RS flip-flops, while the output of the first element AND-NOT connected to the first inputs of the second element AND-NOT, the sixth element AND, and the second inputs of the third element AND-NOT, the fifth element I. The tele and the first element I are connected to the C input of the first trigger, the output of the reference frequency generator is connected to the second input of the switch, the inverse output of the first trigger is combined with its D input and the C input of the second trigger, the inverse output of which is connected to its own D- the entrance .. 2. The meter according to claim V, characterized in that the control unit contains two NOT elements, two RS-flip-flops, six AND elements and four IS-NOT elements, the first and second inputs of the control unit being connected to the R-inputs of the first and the second RS-flip-flops, the S-inputs of which are connected to the output of the third element And, the third input is connected to the first inputs of the new and third elements And, and through the first element NOT to the first input of the second element And, the fourth input to the second inputs of the second and the third element And,  through the second element is NOT - with the second the input of the first element And the first and seventh outputs of the control unit are combined with the output of the first RS flip-flop and the first inputs of the first and third elements of the NAND and the fifth element And, the second and eighth outputs of the control unit are combined with the output of the second RS-trigger and the second the inputs of the first, second elements AND-NOT and the sixth element AND, the outputs of the second and third elements AND-NOT are connected to the inputs of the fourth element AND-NOT, the output of which is the third output of the control unit, the fourth, fifth, sixth and ninth outputs of the unit management in The outputs of the first, second, sixth and second elements are respectively, and the tenth output is combined with the third inputs of the first, second, third elements and the output of the fourth element, whose inputs are connected to the inverse outputs of the RS flip-flops, while the output of the first element AND-NOT connected to the first inputs of the second element AND-NOT, the sixth element AND, and the second inputs of the third element AND-NOT, the fifth element I. 1313305851 The state of the cycle of the separation of the time interval for the counting and the sign and the state of the levels at the outputs of the elements of the control unit 00 1 O O 1 1. 1 one 100001 10 1 00-1 about 11 about 1 001001 1 10 o 1 o o +1 1 o 1 1 FI.2 Initial position Equivalence Account, sign (-) Final position Account, sign (+)