SU1313956A1 - Self-propelled hydraulic shovel - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to mining engineering, pacHJHpHeT technological capabilities by increasing the angle of rotation of the working body and increases the stability of the excavator. This is achieved by the fact that the working body 11 is mounted on the handle 10 by means of a two-arm lever 12 and hinged rod 13 crosswise with one of its shoulders. At the lower end of the handle 10 by means of the transverse beam 17, the support shoes 18 are hinged. Double-shouldered lever 12 and H1 harnesses ha ha 13 form the mechanism of rotation by the working body 11, providing an increase in the angle of rotation. Novor working body 11 is equipped with a hydraulic cylinder 16. For controlling the working bodies 11 and 3, two three-zolotnikovyh distributors are provided. The lower ends of the arrows 1 and 9, carrying bodies 3 and 11, are mounted on a rotary platform 19. They are mounted on a cab of 22 manistas, a rotary mechanism and a power plant 24. 9 ill. S (L //////////// /// /// // ////////// U ////// // ////// ///////////////////////// fi & 1 21 WITH with SL about

Description

The invention relates to self-propelled full-circle hydraulic excavators with two working equipments.

The purpose of the invention is the expansion of technological capabilities by increasing the angle of rotation of the working body and increasing the stability of the excavator.

FIG. 1 shows a self-propelled hydrav; 1 excavator, general view; in fig. 2 is a view A of FIG. one; in fig. 3 - an excavator with a variety of main working equipment - back shovel; in fig. 4 - excavator while moving under its own power, one of the working bodies in the transport position; in fig. 5 - working body in working position; in fig. 6 - an excavator with a type of auxiliary working body - a ripper-hook and an additional bucket flap; in fig. 7 - a bucket with an additional sash when digging; in fig. 8 - an excavator with a kind of auxiliary working body - a grab; in fig. 9 shows a hydraulic control circuit for an excavator.

A self-propelled full revolving hydraulic excavator (Fig. 1) includes two working equipment located on either side of the axis of rotation of the turntable.

On the right in FIG. 1, the main working equipment (direct digging) is located, containing the boom 1, the arm 2, the working member — the bucket 3, the lever 4 for turning the bucket and 5, and also the hydraulic cylinders C) boom vortex 6, turning the handle 7 and turning the bucket eight.

On the left, there is an auxiliary work equipment containing an arrow 9, a handle 10, a hydraulic actuator (hydraulic hammer) 11, a double-arm lever 12 for turning the ripper and a hinge rod 13, as well as hydraulic cylinders for turning the arrow 14, turning the handle 15 and turning the ripper 16. In addition, at the lower end of the handle 10, using the transverse beam 17, support arms 1 18 are hingedly mounted.

The working body of the auxiliary work equipment is mounted on the arms with the help of a double-arm lever 12 and located crosswise with one of the arms of the lever 12 P1 hinged bar 13 (Fig. 1), which are fastened to the arm 10 on the hand 10, and on the other side The ends-j are hingedly attached to the working body. A double-arm lever 12 with a pivotal thrust 13 forms a mechanism for turning the working element, driven by a hydraulic cylinder 16. Such a design of the mechanism for turning it eliminates an increase in the angle of rotation of the working body relative to the handle.

The lower ends of the arrows 1 and 9 and the hydraulic cylinders 6 and 14 are articulated on the rotary platform 19, reinforced by

It supports a turntable 20 on a support frame 21 supported by its lower surface on the ground. A cab 22 of a driver with a hydraulic control panel, a rotary mechanism 23 and a power plant 24 are also mounted on the turntable.

To control the working equipment when digging, two three-spool distributors are provided (inside the dotted circuits 25 and 26 in Fig. 9): the spools 27, 28 and 29 control the hydraulic cylinders, respectively, the boom, the arm and the bucket of the main working equipment, and the spools 30, 31 and 32 - with boom, arm and ripper cylinders of auxiliary equipment. The working taps of these spools are connected by hydrolines to the opposite cavities of the respective hydraulic cylinders.

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To coordinate the control of both working equipment when moving the excavator in the hydraulic control, a device is provided (Fig. 9) containing two three-position spools 33 and 34, a two-set spool 35 of the reverse stroke, two throttles 36 and 37 with a check valve 38. With the help of valves 39-46 with the logical function OR, the spools 33 and 34 are connected in parallel to the main hydraulic control lines of the main spools 27, 28 and 30, 31 (by q of the arrows and hubs) when digging. The working taps 47 and 48 of the spool 33 of the matching device are connected via throttles 36 and 37 to the hydraulic lines 49 and 50, which interconnect with the help of the valves OR 39, 43 and 40, 44 at their end 5 of the same cavity of the hydraulic cylinders 6 and 14 (arrows 1 and 9 in Fig. 1). Opposite inlets of valves 39 and 43 are connected respectively with working outlets 51 and 52 of the main spools 27 and 30 controlling the said hydraulic cylinders 6

0 and 14 arrows, and opposite feeds of valves 40 and 44 - with working branches 53 and 54 of the same spools (27 and 30).

The working taps 55 and 56 of the spool 34, g of the matching device are connected to hydrolines 57 and 58 (or 58 and 57 when switching the spool 35), connecting with each other via the valves OR 42, 45 and through the two-position spool 35 of the reversing stroke. 41, 46 at Q their ends are the opposite cavities of the hydraulic cylinders 7 and 15 of the arms 2 and 10 (Fig. 1). Opposite inlets of valves 42 and 45 are connected respectively with operating outlets 59 and 60 of main spools 28 and 31 controlling the indicated hydraulic cylinders 7 5 and 15 of the arms, and opposite inlets of valves 41 and 46 to working outlets 61 and 62 of the same spools (28 and 31).

The three-position slide valve 63 is designed to control the rotational motor of the rotary platform 19 of the excavator (Fig. 1).

FIG. Figure 1 shows the direct working equipment as the main working equipment. FIG. Figure 3 shows as a possible variant of the main equipment the working equipment of the reverse digging machine (back shovel). When the first is replaced by the second, the spool hydraulic lines 28 (Fig. 9) to the cylinder 64 (Fig. 3) rotate the handle 65. The control of the cylinder 66 of the boom 67 (Fig. 3) and the cylinder 68 of the rotation of the bucket 69 is similar to that of the hydraulic cylinders. 6 and 8 (Fig. 1).

If necessary, other types of auxiliary working bodies can be used, including a ripper-hook 70 (Fig. 6), a grab 71 (Fig. 8) driven by an excavator hydraulic system, and others.

On the main equipment bucket, for example, a pivot flap 72, driven by a hydraulic cylinder 73 (Fig. 6 and 7), can also be installed.

The excavator works as follows.

In operation, both the digging processes (excavation) and the platform turns, as well as the periodical movements of the excavator in their own way are performed.

The workflow can be carried out in the following ways.

First, according to the known cycle - digging, turning to unloading, unloading and turning to the starting position. In this case, one working equipment operates, and the second acts as a counter-load against tilting the excavator forward or focusing on the case of tilting the excavator back. In this case, the digging can be carried out both by the main body equipment KOVN1OM and by the raider.

Secondly, the workflow contains an additional operation of loosening solid soils with the help of a hydraulic hammer 11 (FIG. 5) or a loosener-hook 70 (FIG. 6). Then the crushed pieces of rock are removed with a carpet.

The movement of the excavator by its own stroke is described by the method of shagania due to the coordinated rotation of the arrows and arms of both working equipments. The control of the operation of the power cylinders of the booms and arms when moving is performed by means of three-position spools 33 and 34 of the hydraulic control matching device as follows.

When these spools are in a neutral position, the working fluid from the pump unit is drained into the tank.

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When the spool 33 is turned up (Fig. 9), the working fluid from the pump unit through the working outlet 48 and the throttle 36 enters the hydroline 49, which connects the supply lines of the valves OR 39 and 43 between them, where, respectively, the working branches 51 and 52 the taps of the said valves enter simultaneously into the piston cavities of the hydraulic cylinders 6 and 14. This is done simultaneously

turn on raising both arrows - raising working equipments. The throttle 36 serves to control the speed of the boom turns. Simultaneously with the insertion of the spool 33 upward, the spool 34 is turned down. Wherein

from the working fluid from the pump unit through the working branch, 56 and the spool 35 of the reverse flow enters the hydraulic line 58 connecting the supply lines of the OR 41 and 46 valves, where, having blocked, respectively, the working branches 61 and 62, along the branch lines

0 valves 41 and 46 simultaneously enter the piston cavity of the hydraulic cylinder 7 and the rod cavity of the hydraulic cylinder 15. This simultaneously rotates the arms 2 and 10 (Fig. 1) counterclockwise (Fig. 4, thick lines).

Then the spools 33 and 34 are shifted to the neutral position. At the same time, the working fluid from the piston cavities of the hydraulic cylinders 6 and 14 is discharged through the throttle 36, which ensures a smooth operation of the working equipment to the ground. At the same time, the rod cavities of the hydrocyclides 6 and 14 are filled with working fluid through the check valve 38.

After that, the valve 33 is turned down, 5 while the working fluid enters the niTO-cav cavities of the hydraulic cylinders 6 and 14 through the working branch 47, the check valve 38, the hydraulic line 50 and the valves OR 40 and 44. The arrows are simultaneously turned (lowering them rotary platform 0, 19, Fig. 4. At the same time the working fluid is drained from the piston cavities of the hydraulic cylinders 6 and 14 through the outlets of the valves 39 and 43, the hydraulic line 49, the throttle 36 and the drain channel of the valve 33.

Simultaneously with the insertion of the spool 33 down, the spool 34 is turned up and the working fluid through the working outlet 55 and the spool 35 of the reverse enters the hydraulic min 57, connecting the valves OR 42 and 45 between them, interrupting the working leads 59 and 60, along the outlets of the valves 42 and 45, enters simultaneously into the H1 current of the hydraulic cylinder 7 and the piston cavity of the hydraulic cylinder 15. The turntable 19 (Fig. 4) changes from left to right (thin lines). Prp this drain the working fluid from the opposite cavities of the hydraulic cylinders 7 p 15 occurs through valves 41 and 46. hydrolipia 58, valve 35,

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paoo iiih 56 in the discharge channel of the spool 34.

On this:, one pacing cycle is executed. Subsequent cycles are carried out similarly. To change the direction of movement of the excavator to the reverse (from right to left, fig. 4), the reverse two-piece spool 35 is not reversed to the upper position (fig. 9). The insertion sequence of the spools 33 and 34 remains unchanged.

To change the direction of the excavator's irregularity to any, including the opposite, a turntable with working equipment is also used by means of a turning mechanism 23 (Fig. 1), controlled by a slide valve 63 (Fig. 9). Thus, the proposed device for coordinating the operation of the power cylinders of booms and arms provides the necessary simplicity and ease

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provides an increase in useful effort on the working body and, consequently, an increase in the performance of the excavator.

The developed support surfaces (support frame, bashmak and bucket) provide a reduction in the specific pressure on the ground both when digging and when moving the excavator, which in turn provides an increase in the efficiency of the excavator in weak soils.

Claims (1)

Invention Formula A self-propelled hydraulic excavator, including a carrying frame, a turntable mounted on it, two working equipment with booms, arms and associated working parts, located on opposite sides of the turntable, a hydraulic system with power cylinders for controlling the elements of the working equipment and a control mechanism by an excavator while moving20 the rotation of the working body with articulated own motion. gmi connected with the bucket and the arm. The proposed self-propelled full-featured one in that, in order to open the hydraulic excavator, the technological possibilities are different, first of all, due to the simple design of increasing the angle of rotation of the working body and low weight due to the exclusion of the so-called and increased stability of the excavator, low-power travel the device (the 25-end of one of the arms is equipped with a support) and a counter-load that, in addition to the skillful shoes mounted on it by means of a transverse beam, wherein one of the hinge bars is made in the form of a two-arm lever, the middle part is mounted on the handle, and the second bar is set crosswise with one of the arms of the two-arm lever. Neither metal consumption allows to increase its reliability and durability. Using the second working equipment as an adjustable counter-load when tilting the excavator forward or as a stop when tilting backwards U / ///////// /// ///// t / l provides an increase in useful effort on the working body and, consequently, an increase in the performance of the excavator. The developed support surfaces (support frame, bashmak and bucket) provide a reduction in the specific pressure on the ground both when digging and when moving the excavator, which in turn provides an increase in the efficiency of the excavator in weak soils. Invention Formula Self-propelled hydraulic excavator, including a supporting frame, a turntable mounted on it, two working equipment with booms, arms and associated working parts, located on opposite sides of the turntable, hydraulic system with power cylinders for driving by means of a transverse beam, wherein one of the hinge bars is made in the form of a two-arm lever, the middle part is mounted on the handle, and the second bar is set crosswise with one of the arms of the two-arm lever. 69 . Rig. 6    XV × V, Vue. at (Reg. 7 iPus. ff