SU1272134A1 - Automatic balancing transfer line - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a balancing technique and can be used to automate the balancing of any rigid rotors in mass and mass production. The aim of the invention is to expand the technological capabilities of the line, provided by the universality of the balancing control system (SMS) and automating its training when changing the rotor, and improving the accuracy of balancing by automatically compensating for systematic errors in measuring imbalance and adjusting the rotor masses. The universality of the SMS is due to the inclusion of a microcomputer and a programmable microcontroller in its composition, which, when changing control programs, are capable of working with any equipment for automatic balancing of rigid rotors. The digital connection of the microcomputer with the microcontroller and the device is carried out by an interface device that contains analog-to-digital converters of the instrument readings and the digital control circuit for adjusting the mass and orientation of the rotor. The No. 1 microcontroller performs software switching of the line mechanisms, synchronization and control of their operation, emergency shutdown and a number of operations initiated by the computer. Microelectrically based on experimentally (L obtained tables converts an imbalance signal into a movement code of a correcting mechanism. The tables are periodically refined when the instrument is automatically calibrated with a batch: rotors with known imbalances, d to and according to the results of statistical processing of residual imbalance measurement checks. SMS training is performed by experimentally correcting masses of a balanced rotor with a given step of moving the tool, determining the resulting imbalance, comparing it with the indications of the device for interpolating the results and forming the microcomputer in the memory of the corresponding tables. 1 Cp f-crystals, 2 ill.

Description

f1 The invention relates to a balancing technique and can be used in the development of automatic balancing lines intended for balancing rigid rotors under conditions of multi-nominal series production. The purpose of the invention is to expand the technological capabilities of the line and improve the accuracy of balancing by ensuring the versatility of the control system. Figure 1 shows an automatic balancing line diagram; 2 is a digital control circuit. The automatic balancing line contains the input drive 1,; Measuring position 2 with vibration-sensing supports 3, two orientation mechanisms 4 and 5, and two mechanisms 6 and 7 for adjusting the mass of the balancing rotor 8 with clamps 9 for fixing it during machining. Mechanisms 4-7 include actuator motors 0 of the rotor drive 8 with orientation and a drive for moving the metering unit (the drive and the unit are not shown when adjusting the masses, as well as sensors 11 by digital communication processing in the rotation angle of the shaft 12 of the engines 10 (FIG. 2) Shaft 12 is connected to sensor 11 by gears 13 and 14. Line also contains a control measuring position 15 with vibration-sensitive supports 3, an output drive 16 and a drive 17 of rejected rotors with a receiving tray 18. Drives 1, 17 and 18 have prismatic props 19 dl anovki ro tori. The rotor 8 transports the rotors 8 along the line from one element to another. The line 21 operates automatically in the control system. The control system includes a measuring unit 22, the inputs of which are connected to the vibration-sensitive supports 3 of both measurement positions 2 and 15, a programmable microcontroller 22, a control equipment unit 24, the inputs of which are connected to sensors controlling the operation of line elements (not indicated), and the outputs - with the inputs of the microcontroller 23, the outputs of which are connected to the control elements of the line like magical starters, relays, etc. (sensors and control elements are not shown), universal control 3 2 microcomputer 25 and interface 26. Interface device 26 is configured as digital control circuits 27, each of which includes a buffer register 28 and a counter 29, the inputs of which are connected to the input of the comparison element 30, the output of which is the output of each of the digital control circuits 27 and connected to the key 31 controlling the corresponding motor; lem 10, as well as the reference resolution element 32, the input of which is a feedback input and is connected to; the corresponding sensor 11, and the output - with the input of the counter 29. In addition, the interface device 26 includes an interface module 33, which digitally connects the microcomputer 25 to the microcontroller 23, the buffer registers 28 of the circuit 27, and the measuring unit 22, made in the form of the device 34 , 1 including amplifiers, filters and a correction plane separation circuit, and an analog-digital converter A / D converter 35 interfacing an instrument with an interface module 33. Lini works as follows. Before the start of automatic balancing of the series of rotors 8 of a new standard size, the reference rotor of this series is weighed and balanced on universal equipment with maximum accuracy. They assign correction planes and adjust for them, or modify mechanisms 4-7. The positions 2 and 15 are adjusted for the new standard size and the correction planes are separated. In an automatic mode, the increment code of the metering unit of the correction mechanism 6 is set in an automatic mode and, according to it, the material in the First correction plane is eliminated with the same orientation of the reference rotor 8. After the correction, the rotor 8 is measured, the signal of the unbalance correction introduced in this plane is measured measurement positions 2 and 15 and convert it to digital form using the measuring unit 22. The results are manually recorded, and the measurements are automatically entered into the microcomputer 25, Based on the known The radius vector of the center of mass of the volume eliminated from the rotor 8 determines the movements of the dosing unit and the shape of the correction tool.

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Also, the unbalance angle codes of the rotor 8 anos are in special cells on microelectronics 25, from where they, as the rotor moves through the mechanisms 4-7 and go to the buffer registers 28 of the respective circuits 27, orient the rotor 8 in the first correction plane on the mechanism 4 in the second cycle, adjust, its mass on the mechanism 6 in 10 of the first correction plane in the third cycle, orient it on the mechanism 5 before the correction of the second correction plane in the fourth cycle and complete the correction of the masses in the second correction plane Ktsii on the mechanism of 7 in the fifth cycle.

At the beginning of each of these cycles, the manipulator 20 transports the rotor .8 to the appropriate mechanism, after which the mechanisms 4 and 5 rotate the rotor 8 supplied to them by means of the engines 10, which are turned on by the microcontroller 23 and turned off by the key 31 of the corresponding circuit 27 25 when the codes of the buffer register 28 and the counter 29 coincide, which counts the pulses of the sensor 11 to monitor the position of the shaft 12 of the engine 10. The coincidence of the codes registers 30 elements 30, and the pulse of the sensor 11 starts counting after passing the angle of the rotor 8 past the dates A pin (not shown) connected to the reference resolution element 32. The code of the angle of rotation of the engines 10 mechanisms 4 and 5 orientation, entered in the buffer register 28, is proportional to the unbalance angle of the rotor 8, measured from the angle mark. If there is a problem of matching the codes of the register 28 and the counter 29, the key 31 in its initial state supplies power to the engine 10, and after the registration of the coincidence of the codes by the element 30 turns it off. five

Mechanisms 6 and 7 fix a post. the rotors that drank on them in the clips 9 and: are milled to the stop (not shown),

exposed to the dosing unit

The latter is set in motion by the engine 10. The latter is controlled by the circuit 27 in the described order, with the difference that the signal to the reference resolution element 32 is supplied by the sensor 11 at the moment of passing the zero point of the stop adjustment, and after the mass correction, the stop returns to the zero point. For this pro346

the connection of the reverse voltage to the motor 10 by the microcontroller 23 is made, the counter 29 is zeroed and the key 31 returns to the initial state. The reversal of the stop is performed until the register codes 28 and the counter 29 recur and pass the zero point. After the mass correction is completed, the residual imbalance of rotors 8 is monitored. To do this, during the - sixth stroke using the manipulator 20, the rotor 8 is transported to the measuring position 15 and, similarly to that described for position 2, the residual oxalance is measured.

Claims (1)

 According to the results of control measurements, the true value of the imbalance compensated by a certain mechanism for the balancing cycle is determined, which is calculated as the difference of the imbalance (or unbalance component) recorded by the measurement unit imbalance, compensated by the residual unbalance vector on the balancing cycle this direction. By calculating this difference, it is assigned to it the code of the metering unit of this correction mechanism worked in the cycle of movement of the metering unit. In the course of processing a series of rotors, 8 computers of these rotations are stored in the memory of the computer; these correlations are related to one corrective mechanism, interpolate their replacements with the interpolation results of the corresponding second array and provide self-tuning of the mechanisms. For self-tuning, it is necessary to take into account the non-linearity of the imbalance signal amplitude versus its value, therefore, during the primary and control measurements, the corresponding first arrays from the computer memory 25 are used, which are formed experimentally for measurement positions 2 and 15 during the calibration process The microcontroller 23 controls during the tact with the sensors of the control equipment unit 24; the transportation of rotors 8; the completion of all components and mechanisms; the supply of all types of energy and in the event of any malfunction; pouring line. At the beginning and end of the batch of rotors 8 microcontroller 23 on the material. Multiply it by the weight determined by weighing this volume of the rotor material 8, resulting in an unbalance value in the correction plane. As a result, two point dependences are obtained reflecting the correspondence of the amplitude of the unbalance signal to its value and the unbalance value to the movement code of the dosing unit of the correcting mechanism 6, which caused such an imbalance. By interpolating the obtained correspondences, two arrays of numbers are formed in the computer memory, the first of which stores values: imbalances corresponding to specific amplitudes of imbalance signals that are addresses of these values, and the second stores the work displacement codes of the dosing unit whose addresses are the corresponding values imbalances. Then, the procedure is completely repeated for the second correction plane on mechanism 7. If the rotor design is pole-type, i.e. imbalance compensation is possible only on certain evenly spaced radial directions, for example, by removing material from the poles of electric motors or fixing correction weights in the grooves, process holes or pins, then there are two correcting mechanisms in one correction plane, each of which eliminates its component of the unbalance vector disintegrated in this plane. In this case, in the sequenced sequence, form the second array for each of the correction mechanisms. The first array in each plane of correction is formed once, regardless of the design of the rotor 8, but for each gauge line, including the control. If the series of rotors 8 is small, then the preparation for automatic balancing is completed, if it is numerous and its processing lasts more than one day, then in the order described, a batch of reference rotors with known imbalances of different size is made. The values of these imbalances are entered into the microcomputer 25 for use in the automatic calibration process. The measuring unit 22 is periodically calibrated, for example, 2 times per shift — at the beginning of operation and after 2-3 hours, necessary for stopping the drift of the parameters of unit 22 due to the release of its electronic equipment to the established thermal conditions. To carry it out, they measure, digitize and input into the microcomputer 25 the amplitude of signals of known imbalances of the reference batch of rotors 8, the values of which were entered into the microcomputer 25 at the stage of preparing the line for operation. The correspondence between the received signals and known imbalances is established, they interpolate them and replace the first array with the interpolation results. The automatic balancing of the series of rotors is done in the following order. In the first stroke, the rotor 8 is transported by the manipulator 20 with the accumulator 1 to the vibration-sensitive supports 3 of the measuring position 2, is rotated (the means are not shown), and the signal obtained from the vibration-sensitive supports 3 after amplification, filtering noise, separation of planes and other transformations measuring device 34 and converters 35 are fed through module 33 to microcomputer 25. After that, the digital value of the amplitude of the imbalance signal of the first correction plane is converted by the computer 25 into a code defining the movement I dose its mechanism unit 6. For this the digital amplitude value is used as the first member of the array addresses, stored in the memory unit. At this address, the computer requests from the memory blocks the unbalance value corresponding to the amplitude obtained. If the rotor is a pole, then the resulting unbalance value vectorially decomposes into components at the poles, and the modulus of each component is further considered to be a separate unbalance value to be compensated at this pole according to the rules described below. The unbalance value obtained is the address of a member of the second array. At this address, one is requested that specifies the movement of the metering unit of the correction mechanism 6. A similar procedure for determining the code for moving the metering unit of the mechanism 7 is performed with the amplitude of the unbalance signal measured for the second plane of correction. These codes of the sensor 29 unit connects and disconnects the drives, gauges and mechanisms as they are received or released from the rotors 8. At the end of the clock cycle, after checking the verification of all operations and the readiness of the line for the next clock cycle, the microcontroller 23 the interface module 33 generates a readiness signal of the microcomputer 25. According to this signal, based on the measurement results of the previous cycles, the microcomputer 25 sets, via the interface module 33, the rotation angle codes of the shaft 12 of the engines 11 mechanisms 4-7, which are entered into buffer p gist 28 circuits 27, and discrete signals to certain inputs of the microcontroller 23, on the basis of which it starts its operation and controls the rejection of the rotors 8. Having received a signal from the microcomputer 25 about the completion of control information microcontroller 23 in accordance with the program embedded in it supplies from its outputs control actions on magnetic actuators, relays, etc., by means of which the manipulator 20 is controlled, measurement positions 2 and 15, mechanisms 4-7, and accumulators}, 16 and}. In this case, the rotor 8, which is the first to be balanced, from the control measuring position 15, on the seventh balancing stroke falls on the prismatic supports 19 of the output accumulator 16 or if these supports are retracted, as shown in figure 1, onto the receiving tray 18, through which it rolls down onto the supports 19 accumulator 17 of the rejected rotors 8. The supports 19 of the output accumulator 16 remain in the position shown in Fig. 1, if at the previous cycle the controlled rotor 8 was out of tolerance for residual unbalance and the microcomputer issued to the microcontroller 23 rejection, otherwise they return to the right and take a suitable rotor 8. All rotors 8 following the first are balanced in a similar order with a time shift by one cycle, while seven rotors are balanced at the same time. Automatic control of the line by means of microelements and programmable 134 the microcontroller expands the technological capabilities of the line, since in the transition to a new standard size of the rotor in the control system, only the replacement of programs is necessary. Automatic accounting with the help of microcomputers of systematic errors significantly increases the accuracy of balancing. Claim 1. Auto balancing line comprising input drive, measuring position with vibration-sensitive supports, rotor mass orientation and correction mechanisms, test measuring position with vibration-sensitive supports, output drive, reject rotor drive, manipulator for transporting rotors, and control system including the measuring unit, the inputs of which are connected to the vibration-sensitive supports of both measuring positions, and the control unit equipment, the inputs of which are connected to sensors of the control of line elements, characterized in that in order to expand technological capabilities and improve the accuracy of balancing, it is equipped with a microcomputer, a programmable microcontroller, the jcoTOporo inputs are connected to the outputs of the control equipment, and the outputs are connected to line, and the interface device, made in the form of digital control circuits, the outputs and feedback inputs, which are connected to the rotor mass orientation and correction mechanisms, and the interface module connecting the microcomputer with the digital control circuits of the microcontroller and the measuring unit. A line in accordance with claim 1, characterized in that the measuring unit is designed as an instrument, including amplifiers, filters and a correction plane separation circuit, and an analog-to-digital converter. interface device with interface module.