SU1271468A1 - Method of keeping fish in fish-cultural industry - Google Patents

Abstract

1, THE METHOD OF CONTENTING ROYA IN FISH FATING, providing for fish production during puffing: Their research institutes in cages of the conditioned food reflex by feeding sound stimuli into water and reinforcing them with food with subsequent attraction of fish when feeding sound stimuli, distinguished by that. that, in order to eliminate conditioned inhibition, increase the stability of the conditioned reflex and ensure reliable attraction of fish regardless of their diet, along with sound stimuli chemical stimuli are introduced into the water, which also reinforce the food, and after training in cages, the grown fish are translated in feeding ponds with a natural food supply and continue to supply sound and chemical stimuli with reinforcement of food, while reinforcing food stimuli as when growing fish in cages, and in the nagul s m is produced from reservoirs probability 0.1-0.5, sound and chi (I nomic stimuli are placing in random order, and when the content of fish at feeding reservoirs are oszptsestvl additional feeding artificial feed. yu about 00

Description

2. The method according to p. 1, about tl and h and y-stimuli decrease to achieve

u and with the fact that, as it approaches its value at the place where the scientific research institute of the main mass of fish is located, to the zone of fish food in the range from 0.05

laziness is the maximum sound level up to 20 Pa.

127U68

The invention relates to fish farming, in particular, to the reproduction of the fish resources of the country, and can be used for keeping fish in any fish farms both in inland waters and on the sea shelf.

The purpose of the invention is to eliminate the conditioned inhibition, increase the stability of the conditioned reflex and ensure the reliable attraction of fish regardless of their diet. Figure 1 shows the dynamics of the processes of conditional inhibition of fish upon presentation of a sound with a frequency of 100 Hz (a), a solution of organic matter (b), and both of these stimuli simultaneously (c) without food reinforcement. Fig. 2 illustrates the dependence of the attraction factor-of scaring the trout on the sound pressure level at a frequency of 100 kHz; Fig. 3 shows a device for carrying out the proposed method.

In the implementation of the proposed method, catching is carried out in the feeding zone with the help of any set of means of a given number of fish for a period of time, no shakings of 1.5 hours.

In addition, the method allows reducing the time needed to grow fish, eliminate contamination of reservoirs with forage residues and provide savings for the latter.

The method is carried out as follows.

During the entire period of raising carp or salmon fishes in cages, conditioned-reflex training of fish was carried out in order to work out their conditional food reflex. For this, the speed and direction of movement of the fish in the cage are determined using a sonar device, and at those times when most of them move in the direction of feeding, they serve

sound stimulus, while the maximum level of the sound signal (stimulus) is automatically reduced as the bulk approaches

5 fish and a feeder so that its value at the location of the fish lies in the range of 0.05-20 Pa. After that, feed and chemical stimuli are supplied, supported by feed,

 As a chemical irritant, any substance perceived by fish can be used. Best results are obtained when using aqueous solutions of natural and artificial feed. Sound and chemical stimuli are fed into the pond jointly, supported by their food and without food reinforcement, in a random order, determine the random sequence with the operation of the random number sensor readings or when training without automation using standard random number tables. Feed reinforcement is produced with a gravity of 0.1-0.5. This means that for each presentation of sound irritation with reinforcement of food, there are 3 presentations of a signal without connection, for each presentation of a chemical irritant in combination with food, one without reinforcement, and for each presentation of a complex acoustic and chemical irritant with reinforcement 9 without

35 reinforcements.

The training is carried out throughout the whole time of growing fish in cages.

The training regimes chosen lead to the fact that in fish it produces 0 s with the idea that conditional stimuli (sound, chemical, or both) signal the presence of food not always. This contributes to the development of fish search

5 actions that take into account the possibility of the occurrence of food.

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After training, fish are released into feeding ponds with a natural food base, continuing to supply sound and chemical stimuli with reinforcement of their food as when s grown in cages, while the fish are additionally given artificial food. At this stage, stimuli are less common.

After the fish reach a commercial weight, they are attracted to the feeding area, feeding irritants into the water and fishing them by any standard means.

When implementing the proposed 5 method, the longest conditional inhibition of the attraction reaction is observed. Even with 30 consecutive presentations of the complex stimulus without reinforcement, the response of 20 fish is maintained (Fig. 1). In carp and salmon fish, the reflexes remain better if the stimuli are supported with a probability of 0.1-0.5.

If the probability of reinforcement 25 is less than 0.1, the reflex is produced for too long - from several months to six months. If the probability of reinforcement is greater than 0.5, the perception of an irritant without reinforcing it with food will lead to a conditional inhibition of the reaction.

When producing a reflex with any likelihood of reinforcement in the range (0.1 ± 0.02) - (0.5 ± 0.03), its stability is the highest. - The sound level at the location of the fish should not exceed the range of 0.05–20 Pa, but may have any value within this bottom of the cavity. Sound signals (figure 2) of the hour. The 20-100 Hz level of less than 0.05 Pa is poorly perceived by carp and salmon fishes, and the sounds of a level of 20 Pa and higher have a repellent-45 on these fish.

A device for performing conditioned reflex in fish in a stochastic (random) feedback mode includes floating surface-type 1, on which 50 are installed sonar 2, the outputs of which are electrically connected by receiving hydrophones 3 and 4, installed under platform 1 and marked in water, a generator 5 sound 55 signals, whose input is electrically connected with radiating hydrophone 6, a device for storing and issuing chi 684

A physical substance (irritant), consisting of a tank 7 and a rubber hose 8 having a relay pinch mechanism, a feed dispenser 9, is mechanically connected to the nozzle 10, the end of which is lowered into the water, and the synchronizer I 1 with a sensor of numbers.

During operation, the pinch mechanism relay enters the water 1 portion of a substance with a volume of 10 ml. When the distance to the main mass of fish is less than 20 m, the first portion of the substance enters the water, 40 m - 4 portions, and at large distances x - 10 portions. Due to this dosage, the concentration of the substance is stabilized to a certain extent, although its distribution over various distances occurs at different times.

Example I. Fry of rainbow trout are placed in cages up to 1 m in size, equipped with a device for developing a conditioned reflex (Fig. 3). If the fish move in the direction of the feeding zone at a speed of less than 0.05 m / s or away from it at any speed, the device will not beep by a device. When fish move to the feeding zone with an average group velocity of 0 m / s, the sound pressure level is 0.1 of the maximum, at 0.2 m / s0, 2, at 0.5 m / s - 0.8, and at speeds of I m / s and more are equal to the maximum (the maximum level of a sound stimulus with a frequency of 10 Hz in the cage at the fish location is 20 Pa).

The device is switched on in the morning and evening hours by synchronizer II.

The sonar 2 automatically monitors the movement of the main mass of fry. At the command of a random number sensor (in synchronizer 11), an acoustic signal generator 5 and a feed dispenser 9 are turned on, as well as a tank 7 for storing and pumping chemicals into the feed box 9.

Each feeding with so-called mixtures (morning and evening) begins with the presentation of a sound spreader, reinforcing food. In this case, the sound is made only when the bulk of the fish moves around the feeding area. The location of the feeding zone in the subsequent presentations varies (it is set in different parts of the cage) to eliminate the training effect on the place. Next, a chemical irritant is fed and is supported by food if the majority of the fry enter the feeding zone. Thereafter, sound and chemical stimuli are served simultaneously at the moment when the bulk of the fish moves to the feeding area, and is supported by food. Further, these operations are repeated in random order. In this case, food is not reinforced every time (even if the fry move to the feeding area), but with a probability of 0.1, i.e. The operands are carried out in a random sequence. For example, in the proposed series of experiments, ZK-HCK (3 + X) K 3-X- (3 + X) -3 X K X KPC (3 + X) - etc. where 3 is the presentation of a sound stimulus; presentation of a chemical irritant; (3 + X) presenting them simultaneously; reinforcement feed; - skipping reinforcements. On average, the likelihood of sound reinforcement by feed is 0.1, the chemical irritant is 0.1, their combination is 0.1. The operations are carried out during the whole time of growing the fry in cages up to 1 m After 7 weeks, the fish confidently move to the still life zone after stimuli are applied. Their reaction does not disappear even after 50 presentations of complex stimuli without reinforcement with food. Training on this is considered complete. In the control situation (only sound signals are given, and training on the I floor of another group of similar fish is carried out with a deterministic fastening of each signal), the reaction disappears after 10 times the sound signal. After training, the fish are transplanted to feeding ponds of 400 individuals. A device realizing the method is transferred there. The operations of feeding stimuli and feed are repeated with the same probability of 0.1 reinforcement of the stimuli with feed. 2 84 After a week, 95% of the fish that were in the pond enter, according to signals, feeding. During this week the device works 2 times a day. (in the morning and in the evening), as in the first stage of training. In the future, it is only included once a week (during feeding), c. The whole main process of feeding fish is carried out by hand, regardless of the movement of the fish and without any signals. In this case, the reactions of 95% of the fish to the signals are dried, if they are presented at any time n. EXAMPLE 2. The same techniques are carried out as in Example 1. The strength of the reinforcement of the sound stimulus is 0.25, the chemical one is 0.5, and the sound and chemical altogether 0, 1. The maximum sound pressure level is 1 Pa. Works are carried out on yearlings and two year olds of rainbow trout. Reinforcement is carried out not pasty (as in Example 1), but pelletized with 1 feed at the rate of 20 pellets per 100 individuals. The training time in cages at stage I is reduced to 4 weeks, and to restore the reflex at stage II in the feeding reservoir, the device is operated once a week. The probability of reinforcement of signals (3-0.25, X - 0.5 and 3 + X 0, 1) and a maximum sound pressure level of 1 Pa are optimal. Prize, The same operations are carried out as in Example 1, but the probability of reinforcement of stimuli is 0.5, and the maximum level of sound signals at the fish location is 0.05 Pa. The training period at stage I (B cages) is reduced to one week, but to restore refpex at stage II in the feeding reservoir, the device needs to be operated at least 3 times a week. Thus, the random combination of stimuli with food and the random order of their separate and joint presentation allow for a stable (stable) conditioned reflex in fish to eliminate its inhibition over time.

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Claims (2)

1. METHOD OF FISH CONTENT IN FISHING FARMS, which provides for the development of fish in fish cages: conditional food reflex by supplying sound stimuli to the water and reinforcing them with feed, followed by attracting fish when feeding sound stimuli, characterized in that, for the purpose eliminate conditioned inhibition, increase the stability of the conditioned reflex and ensure reliable attraction of fish, regardless of their diet, along with sound, chemical stimuli are also introduced into the water, which also feed, and after training in cages, the grown fish are transferred to feeding reservoirs with a natural forage base and continue supplying sound and chemical stimuli with feed reinforcement, while feed reinforcement of stimuli both in fish farming in cages and in feeding reservoirs is performed with <g probability 0.1-0.5, sound and chemical stimuli are presented in random order, and when keeping fish in feeding reservoirs, additional feeding with artificial food is carried out. 2. The method according to π.1, characterized in that, as the bulk of the fish approaches the feeding zone, the maximum level of sound stimuli is reduced until it reaches its value at the location of the fish in the range from 0.05 to 20 Pa.