SU1267237A1

SU1267237A1 - Positive-displacement dilatometer

Info

Publication number: SU1267237A1
Application number: SU843785275A
Authority: SU
Inventors: Иван Иванович Лифанов; Григорий Иванович Горчаков; Геннадий Федорович Кудрявцев; Алла Давидовна Дикун; Александр Николаевич Трушкин; Генрих Соломонович Ходаков; Анатолий Иванович Мельников; Николай Михайлович Удалов
Original assignee: Всесоюзное Научно-Производственное Объединение "Союзжелезобетон"
Priority date: 1984-08-30
Filing date: 1984-08-30
Publication date: 1986-10-30

Description

Изобретение относится к измерительной технике, в частности к устройствам' для исследования строительных и других материалов методом низкотемпературной дилатометрии с целью 5 оценки их термической совместимости с другими компонентами в композициях Цель изобретения - снижение трудоемкости и повышение точности измерений, усовершенствование конструкции дилатометра.The invention relates to measuring equipment, in particular to devices' for the study of building and other materials by the method of low temperature dilatometry for the purpose of 5 evaluating their thermal compatibility with other components in the compositions The purpose of the invention is to reduce the complexity and increase the accuracy of measurements, improving the design of the dilatometer.

На чертеже показан дилатометр с , измерительным устройством в виде, датчика измерения перемещений с записывающим устройством, вид спереди, разрез.The drawing shows a dilatometer with a measuring device in the form of a displacement measuring sensor with a recording device, front view, section.

Дилатометр содержит измерительную' емкость 1, в которую .помещен измеряемый (водоцасьнценный) образец 2, и сравнительную емкость 3, в которую помещен сравниваемый ’(обезвоженный) образец 4. Обе емкости установлены на общем основании 5 и заполнены рабочей жидкостью 6. На обоих емкое- ₂тях 1 и 3 установлены компенсационные цилиндры 7 и 8, снабженные поршнями 9 и 10, которые связаны между собой рамой 11. На измерительной ем-, кости 1 установлен измерительный ₃ цилиндр 12 с поршнем 13, на штоке 14 этого поршня смонтирован датчик измерения перемещений 15 с записывающим устройством 16. В центре измерительной емкости 1 установлена термопара 17, связанная с записывающим устройством 18. Обе емкости снабжены вертикальными радиаторными пластинами 19, сливными кранами 20 и 21 и герметично закрывающимися крышками 22 и 23. - ⁴⁰ The dilatometer contains a measuring 'container 1, in which the measured (water-valuable) sample 2 is placed, and a comparative vessel 3, in which the compared' (dehydrated) sample 4 is placed. Both containers are installed on a common base 5 and filled with a working fluid 6. On both - ₂ shafts 1 and 3 are equipped with compensation cylinders 7 and 8, equipped with pistons 9 and 10, which are interconnected by a frame 11. A measuring ₃ cylinder 12 with a piston 13 is mounted on the measuring tank 1, a measuring sensor is mounted on the piston rod 14 of this piston movements 15 s record the slower is 16. In the center of the measuring container 1 is mounted a thermocouple 17 associated with the recording apparatus 18. Both the container is provided with drain valves 20 and 21 are vertical fins 19 and sealed lids 22 and 23. - ⁴⁰

В тех случаях, когда достаточно изизмерить только максимальную разность деформаций между измеряемым и сравниваемым образцами, конструкция дилатометра (фиг.1) может быть упрощена.In those cases when it is enough to measure only the maximum difference in deformation between the measured and compared samples, the design of the dilatometer (Fig. 1) can be simplified.

Дилатометр работает следующим образом.The dilatometer works as follows.

После заполнения измерительной 1 и сравнительной 3 емкостей образ- ⁵⁰цами 2 и 4 герметично закрывают крышки 22 и 23, и через компенсационные цилиндры 7 и 8 заполняют обе емкости 1 и 3 рабочей жидкостью 6, имеющей низкую температуру замерзания .(толуол, масло, ртуть). После этого в компенсационные цилиндры 7 и 8 вводят поршни 9 и 10, жестко связанные между собой рамой 11. Выставление поршня 13 на требуемый уровень перед началом измерений производится перемещением рамы 11 со связанными с ней поршнями 9 и 10 при открытом кране 21 для поднятия поршня 13 или путем открывания крана 20 для опускания поршня 13. Затем кран 20 или 21 закрывают, и дилатометр помещают в морозильную камеру.After filling the measuring 1 and Comparative 3 ⁵⁰ The samples Tsami containers 2 and 4 are sealed with lids 22 and 23, and through the compensation cylinders 7 and 8 is filled with both the container 1 and 3 6 working fluid having a low freezing point. (Toluene, oil, mercury ) After that, pistons 9 and 10, rigidly interconnected by the frame 11, are introduced into the compensation cylinders 7 and 8. The piston 13 is set to the required level before starting measurements by moving the frame 11 with the associated pistons 9 and 10 with the crane 21 open to raise the piston 13 or by opening the valve 20 to lower the piston 13. Then the valve 20 or 21 is closed and the dilatometer is placed in the freezer.

При охлаждении емкостей I и 3 с находящимися в них исследуемым (водонасыщенными) 2 и сравниваемым .(обезвоженным) 4 образцами до достижения температуры Т, при которой вода в образце 2 начинает переходить в лед, жестко связанные между собой поршни 9 и 10 опускаются одновременно вследствие термического сжатия образцов 2 и 4 и рабочей жидкости 6, поршень 13 при этом остается в первоначальном положении (у основания измерительного цилиндра 12). При достижении температуры Т сравниваемый об- ¹разец 4 продолжает сжиматься, а измеряемый образец 2 начинает расширять· ся. В результате этого жестко связанные между собой поршни 9 и 10 опускаются, а поршень 13 поднимается на величину, соответствующую разности деформаций образцов 2 и 4, котор _?рая непрерывно записывается устройством 16, подключенным к датчику измерения перемещений 15. Температура, измеренная термопарой 17, непрерывно записывается подключенным к ней устройством 18. Вертикально расположен-, ные радиаторные пластины 19, выполненные из материала с высокой теплопроводностью например из меди , и размещенные в емкостях 1 и 3 , обеспечивают· равномерное распределение теплового поля в обеих емкостях. После проведения измерений рабочую жидкость 6 сливают через краны 20 и 21, В связи с тем, что дилатометр является дифференциальным, необходимо точное равенство между объемами образцов и рабочей жидкости в измерительной и сравнительной емкостях. Ввиду трудности технического выполнения этого условия предусмотрено .введение поправки в измеряемую величину вытесненной рабочей жидкосS5 ти показания указателя или показаний записывающего устройства 16, основанные на предварительном точном измерении объемов образцов и рабочей жидкости, вводимых в измерительную и сравнительную емкости.When tanks I and 3 are cooled with the studied (water-saturated) 2 and compared (dehydrated) 4 samples in them until a temperature T is reached, at which the water in sample 2 begins to turn into ice, the pistons 9 and 10 are tightly connected to each other and are lowered simultaneously thermal compression of samples 2 and 4 and the working fluid 6, the piston 13 remains in its original position (at the base of the measuring cylinder 12). When the temperature T ^1, the compared sample is ob- 4 continues to shrink, and the measured sample 2 starts to expand · camping. As a result of this, the pistons 9 and 10 rigidly connected to each other are lowered, and the piston 13 rises by an amount corresponding to the strain difference of samples 2 and 4, which _? Paradise is continuously recorded by the device 16 connected to the displacement measuring sensor 15. The temperature measured by the thermocouple 17 is continuously recorded by the device 18 connected to it. Vertically arranged radiator plates 19 made of a material with high thermal conductivity, for example, copper, and placed in containers 1 and 3, provide · uniform distribution of the thermal field in both tanks. After the measurements, the working fluid 6 is drained through the taps 20 and 21. Due to the fact that the dilatometer is differential, accurate equality between the volumes of the samples and the working fluid in the measuring and comparative tanks is necessary. Due to the difficulty of technical fulfillment of this condition, it is envisaged to introduce corrections to the measured value of the displaced working fluid S5 of the indication of the pointer or the readings of the recording device 16, based on preliminary accurate measurement of the volumes of samples and working fluid introduced into the measuring and comparative containers.

В случае применения датчика измерения перемещений с записывающим устройством поправка вводится в пока- 5 зания записывающего устройства пропорционально линейному перемещению штока поршня. Измерение объемов должно производиться перед закладкой образцов методом взвешивания, а из- Ю мерение объемов заливаемой рабочей жидкости расходомером или мензуркой.In the case of using a motion sensor with a recording device, the correction is introduced into the display of the recording device in proportion to the linear movement of the piston rod. The measurement of volumes should be carried out before laying samples by weighing, and the measurement of the volumes of the filled working fluid with a flow meter or beaker.

Возможна приборная компенсация разности объемов.рабочей жидкости в измерительной и сравнительной емкостях при исследовании водонасыщенного и обезвоженного образцов, например, при понижении температуры от комнатной до +5 °C, измерительный поршень 13 опускается или подни- 20 мается на определенную величину, которая соответствует разности объемов в обоих емкостях и вводится соответствующая поправка в показания измерений. 25It is possible to compensate for the difference between the volumes of the working fluid in the measuring and comparative tanks when examining water-saturated and dehydrated samples, for example, when the temperature drops from room temperature to +5 ° C, the measuring piston 13 drops or rises by a certain amount, which corresponds to the difference in volumes in both containers and the corresponding correction is introduced into the measurement readings. 25

Перед вводом прибора в эксплуатацию необходимо измерить его собственный ход. Для этого обе емкости заполняют одинаковым объемом рабочей жидкости и определяют погрешность, 30 вносимую в показания прибора поршнем 13, штоком 14 и датчиком измерения перемещений 15.'Before putting the device into operation, it is necessary to measure its own stroke. To do this, both containers are filled with the same volume of working fluid and the error 30 determined by the piston 13, the rod 14 and the displacement measuring sensor 15 is determined by the piston 13.

Применение такой схемы дифференциального объемного дилатометра 35 позволяет использовать в конструкции широко используемые и более прочные материалы (металл) по сравнению с плавленным кварцем, а также применять рабочие жидкости с низкой температурой замерзания (^толуол, масло, ртуть и др.) вместо множества мелких частиц из плавленного квар ца.The use of such a differential volumetric dilatometer 35 scheme makes it possible to use widely used and more durable materials (metal) in construction compared to fused silica, and also to use working liquids with a low freezing temperature (^ toluene, oil, mercury, etc.) instead of many small particles from fused quartz.

Измерительный цилиндр выполняет только измерительную функцию и его диаметр может быть значительно уменьшен. А это в свою очередь приводит к увеличению чувствительности устройства, точности измерений, увеличивает диапазон измерений при задан• 5 ной Точности.The measuring cylinder performs only the measuring function and its diameter can be significantly reduced. And this, in turn, leads to an increase in the sensitivity of the device, measurement accuracy, and increases the measurement range at a given • 5 Accuracy.

Claims

The invention relates to a measurement technique, in particular to devices for researching building and other materials by the method of low-temperature dilatometry in order to assess their thermal compatibility with other components in the compositions. The purpose of the invention is to reduce the labor intensity and improve the accuracy of measurements, to improve the design of the dilatometer. The drawing shows a dilatometer with a measuring device in the form of a displacement measurement sensor with a recording device, front view, section view. The dilatometer contains measuring tank 1, in which a measured (vodka assh; enny) sample 2 is placed, and comparative container 3 in which a compared (dehydrated) sample 4 is placed. Both containers are installed on a common base 5 and filled with working fluid 6. On both containers x 1 and 3 are fitted with compensation cylinders 7 and 8, fitted with pistons 9 and 10, which are connected to each other by frame 11. A measuring cylinder 12 with a piston 13 is mounted on measuring tank 1; a displacement sensor 15 is mounted on the piston rod 14 of this piston with writing device 16. In the center of the measuring tank 1 is installed a tertiary mopar 17 connected to the recording device 18. Both tanks are equipped with vertical radiator plates 19, drain valves 20 and 21 and hermetically closed cranks 22 and 23. In those cases when To measure only the maximum difference in the strain between the measured and compared samples, the design of the dilatometer (Fig. 1) can be extended. The dilatometer works as follows. After filling the measuring 1 and comparative 3 tanks with samples 2 and 4, the covers 22 and 23 are hermetically closed and the tanks 1 and 3 fill the tanks and the working liquid 6 (having a low freezing point, toluene, oil, mercury) through the compensation cylinders 7 and 8). After that, pistons 9 and 10, rigidly connected to each other by frame 1, are introduced into compensation cylinders 7 and 8. The piston 13 is set to the required level before the measurement is started by moving frame I1 with pistons 9 and 10 associated with it with the valve open. 21 to raise the piston 13 or by opening the crane 20 to lower the piston 13. The valve 20 or 21 is closed and the dilatometer is placed in the freezer. When tanks 1 and 3 are cooled with test (water-saturated) 2 and compared (dehydrated) 4 samples being in them until the temperature T reaches, at which water in sample 2 begins to transition into ice, rigidly interconnected pistons 9 and 10 are simultaneously lowered due to the thermal compression of samples 2 and 4 and the working fluid 6, the piston 13 remains in its original position (at the base of the measuring cylinder 12). When the temperature T is reached, the compared sample 4 continues to contract, and measured sample 2 begins to expand. As a result, the pistons 9 and 10 rigidly connected to each other are lowered, and the piston 13 rises by an amount corresponding to the difference in deformations of samples 2 and 4, which is continuously recorded by a device 16 connected to the displacement measurement sensor 15. The temperature measured Thermocouple 7 is continuously recorded by device 18 connected to it. Vertically located radiator plates 19, made of a material with high thermal conductivity, such as copper, and placed in capacitances 1 and 3, ensure uniform p spredelenie heat flooring in the two containers x. After the measurements, the working fluid 6 is drained through the taps 20 and 21, Due to the fact that the dilatometer is differential, it is necessary to have an exact equality between the volumes of obradts and the working fluid in the measuring and comparative capacitances. Due to the difficulty of technical fulfillment of this condition, it is necessary to introduce an amendment to the measurement of the value of the displaced working fluid of the indicator readings or readings of the recording device 16, based on a preliminary accurate measurement of the volumes of samples and working fluid introduced into the measuring and comparative capacitances. In the case of using a displacement measurement sensor with a recording device, a correction is entered into the readings of the recording device in proportion to the linear movement of the piston rod. Volumes should be measured before the sample is laid using a weighing method, and measurement of the volumes of working fluid poured with a flow meter or beaker The market piston 13 is lowered or raised by a certain amount, which corresponds to the difference in volume in both tanks and is entered according to Enikeev correction in the measurement readings. Before putting the instrument into operation, it is necessary to measure its own stroke. In this, both containers are filled with the same volume of working fluid and determine the error introduced into the instrument readings by the piston 3, the rod 14 and the displacement measurement sensor 15. The use of such a differential volumetric dilatometer scheme allows the use of widely used and more durable materials (metal) as compared to fused quartz, and also to use working fluids with a low freezing point (toluene, oil, mercury, etc.) instead of a lot of small particles of fused quartz. The measuring cylinder performs only the measuring function and its diameter can be significantly reduced. And this in turn leads to an increase in the sensitivity of the device, measurement accuracy, increases the measurement range for a given accuracy. Claim 1. A volumetric dilatometer containing a capacity for a filler, equipped with a system for changing and recording a temperature of a filler, and a recorder of changing the volume of a filler in the form of a cylinder with a piston, in order to improve the accuracy, the dilatometer has a second capacity In the first case, both tanks are equipped with cylindrical chambers with movable pistons connected to them, the axes of the chambers are parallel, and the guns are rigidly connected to each other.

2. The dilatometer according to claim 1, about tl, which is due to the fact that after the capacity they are provided with partitions connected in a single structure and made of a material with high thermal conductivity.