SU1266487A1 - Method of estimating early ripening of selection forms of potato - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of potato breeding, in particular to the establishment of a comparative early ripeness of new hatching forms. The purpose of the invention is to accelerate the assessment and reduce the complexity. Samples of leaves in a phase of full shoots are taken. Chlorophyll and protochlorophyllide were determined by spectrofluorography. After biochemical analysis: the sample is kept in the dark. Redefine these indicators. The rate of precocity (K) is calculated by the formula, D; 0 SIRS / S, ps 10, where Cn ,, is the molar concentration of protochlorophyllide after keeping the leaves in the dark; . SPRS - molar concentration of protochlorophyllide before keeping leaves in the dark, C, Lt - molar concentration of chlorophyll after keeping leaves in the dark, C ,,; - molar concentration of chlorophyll before keeping leaves in the dark. The value of K is directly proportional to I dependence with the degree of ripeness (LT. Different breeding forms of potatoes have a characteristic level of dark accumulation of protochlorophyllide. The largest differences between the forms are observed in the phase of full germination. Table 1C 05 O5 4 00

Description

The invention relates to the selection of artifacts, namely, the work on the establishment of a comparative early breeding of new carrots, and can be used in testing stations and in scientific festivals engaged in breeding and sorting tests, with the aim of opting for the selection from early bred potatoes of early-maturing for introduction into the national economy.

The purpose of the invention is to accelerate the assessment and reduce the complexity of the method. The method is developed on the basis of. research on the relationship between the metabolism of protochlorophyllide in a green plant and the precocity of potatoes. Although protochlorophyllide is a precursor of chlorophyll, there is no agreement on the rates of chlorophyll biosythesis and protochlorophyllide dark accumulation in the green plant. A comparative study of the dark accumulation of protochlorophyllide in various breeding forms of potatoes was carried out at the main stages of ontogenesis. At the same time, significant differences were found between them in the ability for the rate accumulation of protochlorophyllide.

In order to establish the most informative phase of development, we studied the relationship between the earliness of the studied forms and the dark accumulation of protochlorophyllide during the entire vegetation period of plants.

 Studies have shown that it is in the full sprout phase, in the period of intensive leaf formation, that the greatest differences in dark accumulation of protochlorophyllide are observed between forms with shorter early, middle-early) and longer (middle-late, late-ripening) vegetation periods.

Having identified the full seedling phase as the most informative, the dark accumulation of protochlorophyllide in a number of potato forms with different ripening periods was determined.

The table shows a comparison of the ability of potato forms of different precocity to dark accumulation of protochlorophyllide (Т-С absolute growth of protochlorophyllide in the dark), In addition, the table shows the root-mean-square

arithmetic average error, the magnitude of the dark. accumulation of protochlorophyllide.

Research results show that there is a direct correlation between the amount of dark accumulation of protochlorophyllide and the maturity of tubers.

th

5.5 + 0., 6

Early maturing

5.2 + 0.2

Mid-season

1.5 + 0.2

Middle late

T is the content of rotochlorophyllide pos.pearing in the dark.

C - the content of protochlorophyllide in the light.

The studies made it possible to propose the use of the full germination phase as an informative phase of the development of potato plants when predicting the early maturity of breeding forms.

The method was carried out as follows.

Claims (1)

Potato forms of various precocity were grown on field trials in the field. Both the well-known forms (Belarussian Early - Early and Late Temp) were tested, as well as new forms and seedlings. Analyzes to determine the dark accumulation of protochlorophyllide were carried out with leaves taken from plants in the phase of full germination. The content of protochlorophyllide was determined using a modified spectrofluorographic method. To determine the content of protochlorophyllide, 10–15 leaves were used. The leaves were divided into two parts: one part was analyzed immediately (C). Another part of the leaves (T) was placed between two sheets of moistened filter paper and placed in the dark for 24 hours at. At the end of the dark exposure, the leaves were fixed for 2 minutes with steam. From the leaves of each variant, light (C) and dark (T), cutting was taken (usually 18 pieces). Punching was ground in I00% acetone with the addition of sand and chalk. The homogenate was transferred onto a Schott glass filter and the solvent was repeated until the pigments were completely removed. Then all the samples were brought to the same volume (usually 25 ml) and spectrophotometrized on a Specord instrument to determine the chlorophyll content according to the equation C, 13.09 D, - 2.34 D where Cd is the concentration of chlorophyll a, nM / ml; D is the optical density values in the red maxima of chlorophyll a and B absorption with an optical path length of 1 cm. Then the extracts were leveled to the chlorophyll a content, bringing the concentration to 5 nM / ml. The spectrofluorographic method for determining the content of protochlorophyllide is based on the simultaneous recording of the fluorescence spectra of protochlorophyllide and chlorophyll a in frozen liquid nitrogen (-196 ° C) acetone extracts of green leaves. Practical recording of the fluorescence spectra of the extracts was carried out at the facility, where the OY-18 illuminator with a SVD-120 mercury lamp, a light filter system transmitting 380460 nm, and a condenser was used as a source of exciting light. The fluorescence light was focused on the entrance slit (0.3 mm) spectrograph. The diffuse exciting light was cleaned with light filters before entering the spectrograph. The light flux from the output of the spectrograph was converted by a photomultiplier into an electric current, which was recorded by a potentiometer. The direct 874 result of the fluorometric analysis is the ratio of the fluorescence intensity of protochlorophyllide (1) to the fluorescence intensity of chlorophyll a (G ,,). Earlier, in a special series of experiments, different, previously known amounts of protochlorophyllide were added to the extract of green leaves, and it was established that the dependence of the fluorescence intensity ratios of protochlorophyllide and chlorophyll (-) on the ratio of their molar concentrations n N (-) was satisfactorily described directly with a certain tangent of the angle of inclination, which is taken as the calibration straight line. For measurements, the tube with the solution was immersed in a transparent Dewar flask with liquid nitrogen. Each solution was removed in duplicate. To avoid fading of pigments, the position of the tube is changed vertically. An example of calculation. The height of the maximum fluorescence of protochlorophyllide 130 (1,); Chlorophyll fluorescence peak maximum 12300 (I ,,). -1pr. , 130 1 „12300 According to the calibration straight line, the ratio of trochlorochilide and chlorophyll concentration (tg-0, equal to 2.5 40 was found. Thus, the calculation of the relative content of protochlorophylic in the six forms of potatoes showed that different breeding forms of potatoes have a characteristic level of dark accumulation of protochlorophyllide. The greatest differences between early and middle-early ripening on the one hand, and medium and late ripe forms on the other are observed, in the phase with warm shoots. This makes it possible to use the detected The proposed method for assessing the early maturity of potato breeding forms significantly reduces the time required for biochemical analysis. The content of chlorophyll and protochlorophyllide is measured in the same acetone extract, which takes no more than W -15 min, while extraction of only labile forms of pigment takes at least 2 hours. In addition, the proposed method allows an early diagnosis of early maturity, i.e. significantly reduce the time to assess the precocity of breeding forms of potatoes and hold it immediately after the appearance of germination. Using the proposed method, it is possible to plant several times within one season and obtain a final conclusion on the early maturity of the forms, which makes it possible to significantly speed up the introduction of new forms in agriculture, the invention claims A method for assessing the precocity of potato selection forms, including sampling leaves biochemical indices, including chlorophyll a, by which the rate of ripeness of the form, which is characterized by the fact that, in order to speed up the assessment and reduce the mineral intensity, is judged, iohimiches s analysis rovod t, starting from the complete phase vskhoov as biochemical pokaatel additionally used soerzhanie protochlorophyllide iohimicheskogo after analyzing the sample in the dark vyderzhiayut repeatedly determined TED indicators and rio formula is calculated ripening index K - where K Yu- - figure precocity; Cfip is the molar concentration of protochlorophyllide after keeping leaves in darkness; C p is the concentration of protochlorophyllide until the leaves are kept in the dark; . the molar molar concentration of chlorophyll after leaf retention in the dark; Shls is the molar concentration of chlorophyll before the leaves are held in the dark, the value of which is directly proportional to the degree of precocity.